as_soon_as用法

玛丽莲梦兔
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2020年08月16日 14:07
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as soon as,
hardly…when…
no sooner…than…

这三个短语都有“一„„就”、“刚刚„„就”的意思,它们 的意思非常相近,因此有时可以
互换。例如:
“我刚到公共汽车站,汽车就开了。”一句,就可以有如下几句译法:
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.

但他们之间也有一些差异,例如,如果从两件事情的间隔时间来说,as soon as 较长,no
sooner...than 居中,hardly...when 间隔时间最短。其它的一些区别见下面,请大家在运用的
时候要留意。

1、as soon as

它的意思相当于“A事情发生以后,就做B这件事”。
这个短 语用的比较常用,口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而
且可以用于各种时态 。例如:
I’ll write you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时)
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一进门,Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。(一般过去时)
I’ll return the book as soon as I have read it.
我一读完就把书还回去。(现在完成时)
Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.
Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。(过去完成时)

2、no sooner„than

它的意思相当于“刚做完A这件事,就做B这件事”。例如:
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回来就买了一套房子。
如果no sooner 位于句首,主句要用倒装结构。例如:
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
运动会刚开始,天就下起了大雨。
有一点要注意,no sooner„than 一般用来描述做过的事情,它不能用于表示将来的事。


3、hardly„when...

它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完A这件事,紧接着就开始B这件事。”
使用这个短语时,一般用于过去完成时;并且when有时可改用before。例如:
He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.
他刚写完文,灯就熄了。
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他还未安顿下来,就卖掉了那所房子。
另外,如果把hardly放于句首,主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。如:
Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.
我刚吃完他就进来了。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她还没走出家门,就有一个学生来看望她。

as soon as用法
英语动词的时间大致可分为三段:过去时、现在时、将 来时。假设有两件事A和B,就会
出现三种情况:

A 过去时 as soon as B 过去时
A 现在时 as soon as B 现在时
A 将来时 as soon as B 将来时

在每一个大的时间段内,A 和 B 的时态要统一。比如 A 过去时,B 肯定在过去时内。其
它也是如此。至于在每个大时间段内,再根据A 和 B两件事的具体情况,具体对待。比如:
A 和B都时过去时,A 和 B 是同时发生,还是先后发生,不是即将发生,再分别选用完
成时、进行时、将来时。例如:

A 过去时 B 过去时:
I arranged the flowers in the vase as soon as I came back home.
一回到家里,我就把花在花瓶里插好。

A 过去进行时 B 过去完成时(虚拟)
He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.
他吓得直哆嗦,就好像看见了鬼一样。

A 将来时 B 将来时(可用一般现在时表达)
They will post me the ticketspost the tickets to me as soon as they receive my cheque.
他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我.

as soon as连接的时间状语从句中,指未发生的动作,规律是:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时
如:I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。


指紧接着发生的两个短动作,主从句都用一般过去时
如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down
就这两种情况 ,熟记就行。
在宾语从句中,当主句为与过去时的时候,从句必须用与主句相 对应的时态,所
以为了与主句动词said呼应,时间状语从句中的will look up应该对应为过去
将来时态would look up,finds对应为found

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