凑齐真不容易。英语所有前后缀意思
报任安书教案-鸡年贺词
凑齐真不容易。英语所有前后缀意思
一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),illiterat
e(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑
的)
5.ir-
加在以r开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗
的),irresolvable(不
能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-
加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前
non-
existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-
electrical
(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misf
ortune
(不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使„复员)
decolor (脱色, 漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-
social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite
(解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),co
unteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution
(反革命)
二.表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于„„而存在的),pre-
selection
(选举前的) preface(前言)
2.Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)
3.Fore-
forehaed(前额),foregroun
d(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee
(预见,先见),foretell(预
言)
4.Pro-
programme(计划),prologue(序幕)
5.Ex-
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
三.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-
war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,
虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)
2.Infra-
Infra-
red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,
次声的)
3.Sub-
Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-
way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine
(海下的),sub
tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-
Refuel(给„
加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct
(
重建),return(返回)
2.Retro-
Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-
co-
exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-
Interchang
eble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international
(国际的),inter-national(交往)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-
Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的)
,extrasensory(超感觉
的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)
2.mal-坏,恶
Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)
3.Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)
4.Tele-远
Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)
5.Demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-
circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)
6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)
7.Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)
8.Tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)
9.Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-
national(多国的)
10.Poly –多
Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)
11.Arch-首领
archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师)
12.bene-善,好
benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)
13.homo-同
homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)
14.neo新
neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)
15.ortho-正确,直
orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)
16.philo-挚爱
philosopher(哲学家)
17.proto-原始
protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)
18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的
pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义)
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自
avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)
20.Apo-,aph-来自
apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)
21.se-分离
separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)
22.para-防
parachute(降落伞),
23.omni-所有的,公共的
omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)
24.pan-全,泛
Pan-
American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花
筒)
25.panto-全
pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)
26.dia-通过,借以
diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)
27.Per-通过,彻底,不利
perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent
(透
明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),c
ompile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect
(收集),corru
ption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)
30.syn-共同
synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振
的),synthetic
(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-和,在„„之后
metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)
32.Cis-在这一边
cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)
33.pen-几乎,相近
peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,
形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往„„里,使„„
encamp(扎营)
,enable(使„„能),endear(使„„受喜爱),embrace(拥
抱,抓住(机会)
)
35.intro内在
intracardiac(心脏内部的),int
ramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular
(细胞内部的)
36.intro-到„„中
introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)
37.dys-坏
dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)
38.Eu-优,美好
eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者
amphibian(两栖的),ambidextro
us(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常
灵巧的)
40.penta-五
pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)
41.sex-六
sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)
42. sept-七
September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七
heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)
44.octa-,octo,oct八
octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月)
45.nona-,ennea-九
nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)
46.deci-,deca-十
decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)
47.centi-百
centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)
48.milli-千
millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)
49.Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person
engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamest
er,gangster,songster,
engineer,profiteer,mounta
ineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,
actor
,professor
2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant
things)例词:
booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette
2)假的东西(imitation)
例词:leatherette
3)女性(female)例词: usherette
4.-ess意为:女性(femal
e)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-h
ood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition
,status,
quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membe
rship,lectureship,
sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun
contains)例词:cupful,handful,
mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词
:action,
oppression,possession,education,starva
- tion 2)机构等(institution;
etc.)例词:
organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;
action;etc.)例词:movement,
enslavement,pavement
10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,reviva
l,recital,
removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;
amount;etc.)例词:wastage,
coverage,
acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness
;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:
happin
ess, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,acti
vity,sanity,
changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice
of)例词:
idealism,
impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to
turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,
diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意为:使„„,变得„„(to make or become ;to make i
nto)
例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitali
ze,symbolize,ripen,
widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:增加,使„„(give or add,make or
become)例词:originate,
hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容词后缀:
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav-
ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,
pitiful,
hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,ch
ildless,
harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有„„品质的(having the qualities
of)例词:beastly,
manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:像„„的(like)例词:
childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:像„„一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, s
ilky,
hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blacki
sh,thinnish
6.-some意为:像„„一样的;引起„„的;有„„品质的(like;causing;
having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensom
e,wholesome,tiresome,
bothersome
7.-able(ible)意为:能„„的;可以„„的(able to be
;capable)例
词: changeable,readable,drinkable,com
fortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:有„„
的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,
odd-
shaped
9.-al意为:有„„属性的,„„类型的(nature
of,typical
of)例词:
cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:属于„„的,与„„相连的(belonging to;connected
with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含„„的;有„„品质的;像„„的(full of;having
the
quality
of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为:„„类的;属于„„的(typical
of;belonging to)
例词: historic,historical,method
ic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意为:有„„属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or
quality
of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,
talkative,restrictive,
defensive,preventive,con
structive,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以„„方式(in
a...manner;etc.)
例词:happily,
boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of mo
vement)
例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthwa
rd(s),homeward(s),eastward
(s)
3.-wise意为:1)按照„„方式(in the manner
of)例词:crabwise,
clockwise2)就„„而言(as
far
as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写
这个辅音.例词:run
+ er = runner hit + ing = hitting