推普周-学雷锋日记

高中英语中it用法
小结20条
政和一中 尹昭宜
is+被强调部分+that
该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分
置于之后， (强调的主语如果是人，可以用who来替换
that) 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整 无
缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。(如
果强调的是动词就要用到do的各种 形式)
It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom
yesterday.
---Where did you buy the apples?
----It was on the farm where we worked. (True)
----It was on the farm that we worked.(False)
2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that
该句型译成汉语“直到……才”
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I
realized she was a film star.
3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that….

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该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主
语从句， 常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语
从句最常见的结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…)
that…
该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词
不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原
形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported, learned, believed …) that…
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导
的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put
into orbit.
6. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表
示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要 用虚拟

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语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建
议；有命令……”
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two
hours.
7. It is a pity (a shame…) that …
在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+
动词原形）， should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译
为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your
class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的
是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候……”
It is time that children should go to bed.
=It is time that children went to bed.

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9. It is the first ( second, …)time that…
该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟
语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句
的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句
用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句 则用过去
完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替
换，常译为“是第一（ 二,…）次…”。
10. It is …since…
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完 成时，要和表示一
段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时
态是现在时和完成时，引 导的从句通常是一般过去时
态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句
则用过去完成时 。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.
11. It is …when…
该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语 从句，主句中
的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……
的时候，是……”
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be…before…

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该句型主句中的it指时间 ，主句中的时态常是一般将
来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not
long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译
为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，
主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened that he met his teacher in the street. (碰
巧……)
It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来……)
14. It takes sb …to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型
中的直接宾语是时间。常 译为“做……要花费某
人……”
It took thousands of people many years to build the
Great Wall.
15．It is no good (use) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可
以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).

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It is no good learning English without speaking
English.
16. It doesn’t matter whether…
该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不
论（是否）……没关系……
It doesn’t matter whether they are old.
17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短 语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻
辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻
辑主语的 形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever,
cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy,
modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly,
stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为 kind
to do sth.
It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.
18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth
该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主
语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常 是表示重要性，
紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常
见的形容词有：
I mportant,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,norma

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l,hard,difficult,dang erous,unusual,grape, impossible,
pleasant.等。
It is important for her to come to the party. =It is
important that she (should) come to the party.
19. It looks (seems) as if …
该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：
“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语
气。
It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）
It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）
20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find,
consider, feel, take.
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
Xiao Li felt it important learning English well.
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的
结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语
动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

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There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表
示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，
如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
返回顶端〉〉
2.22 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至
主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则
需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never,
seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…
等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave
the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。


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注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child
fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting- room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表
示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词
包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until
等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the
meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___
what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't
man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒
装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is
until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面
就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。


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2.23 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, HardlyScarcely…when, No
sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely
criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to
visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to
visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用
倒 装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,
seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not
only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when
scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才
在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…
but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
返回顶端〉〉
2.24 so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。

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Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I
don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒
装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对
且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实
或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

2.25 only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to
the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in
bed.

2.26 as, though引导的倒装句
as though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形

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容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主
语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the
work satisfactorily.

注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的
主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

2.27 其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move
an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had,
should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到
主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.

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典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___
what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man
know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子
结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had
wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't
realize D. I realize
答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表
示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前
一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither,
nor 用在否定句中。


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