初中英语:名词所有格归纳及练习
重阳节的手抄报-规章制度
.
名词所有格
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受
者
等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要
包括's所有格、of所
有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
A. 's 所有格的用法
1.
表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如:Jim's bed, the
man's wife,
children's toys, the fox's tail
2. 以-es或-
s结尾的名词末尾加。例如:the students'
books, Teachers'
Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory
3.有些表
示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇
等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
例如:today's newspaper,
five minutes' walk, a
ton's weight, a dollar's worth of stamps, the
moon's rays
4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加'
s
(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个
名词词尾都加上's(或
')。例如:Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人
共同所有)
Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)
an
hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程)
5.
's所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
.
.
(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的
被修饰语常常省略。例如:
I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to
Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家
去了。
(2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省
略,以免重复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang
Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王
品品的。
B. of
所有格的用法--- of所有格由of加名词构成,其用法归
纳如下:
1.
of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如:a map of
the world, the
story of a hero, the windows of the room, the
title of the
film
2. 用于名词化的词。例如:the
sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
3.
修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如:
the very long and graceful
tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾
巴
.
.
4. 表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如:
the children of the family 那家的孩子们
5.
某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。the son of a poor peasant
=a
poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子
6.某些of所有格和's所有格互换,有时含义却不相同,请比较下
面的例子:
an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世)
the
story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)
起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s。
例 room
number,tooth brush
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成+
所有
格形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部
分,在意义上与...相
似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个
名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞
赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下:
1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
an
interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历
2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如:
.
.
He is
a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's
friends)他是我
姐姐的一个朋友
Look at that long nose
of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)
试比较:
a picture
of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao
Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
3. 不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(
some,any,many,
no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词
或's
所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格
形式。例如:
most of the students 学生中的大多数
three of them
他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you
read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本
书?
D.
's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别
请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend.
2.She is
a friend of Mary's brother.
.
.
3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突
出friend一词。
2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调
突出了Mary's
brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她
只是其中的一个。
1. 名词的格的种类英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。
名词的主格和宾格形式相同
,所以它们又统称作通格。
当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格。英语名词的所有格表
示所属关系,它分-’s
所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。Tom loves
Mary. (Tom 为主格,Mary
为宾格,均为通格形式) Tom’s best friend
is Mary. (Tom’s
是所有格,Mary 为通格)
The title of the book is
interesting. (of the book 为所有格)
2. -’s所有格的构成方法
(1) 一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加
-’s:
children’s books 儿童图书 today’s paper
今天的报纸
(2) 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(‘):girls’ school
女子学
校 the Smiths’ car
史密斯家的小汽车注:带词尾s的单数名词,
.
.
通常仍加’s:the boss’s plan 老板的计划 the hostess’s
worry 女主人
的担心
(3) 带词尾s带词尾的人名,可加’s
或只加省字撇(‘):Dickens’ novels
狄更斯的小说 Charles’s
job 查理斯的工作不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾
者,一律加’s却以咝音结尾者,Marx’s
works 马克思的著作 George’s
room 乔治的房间
(4) 用and
连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所
有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示
共同的所有关系时,只在
最后一个名词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后
加:Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jim’s
rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
3. -’s所有格的用法-’s
所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可
用于无生命的东西,这主要见于:
(1)
用于表时间的名词后:tomorrow’s weather 明天的天气 two
days’
journey 两天的旅程比较:ten minutes’ break = a ten-minute
break
10分钟的休息
(2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后: America’s
policy 美国的政
策 the city’s population 这个城市的人口
(3) 用于某些集合名词后:the majority’s view 多数人的观点 the
government’s policy 政府的政策
.
.
(4) 用于组织机构后:the station’s waiting-room
车站候车室the
newspaper’s editorial policy
这家报纸的编辑方针
(5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后:a mile’s distance
1英里的距
离 twenty dollar’s value 20
美元的价值注:对于带有连字符已转化
为形容词的度量衡,不能用所有格形式:ten-minute
walk 10分钟的路
程(比较:ten minutes’ walk)
(6)
用于表天体的名词后:the moon’s rays 月光 the earth’s
surface 地球表面(7) 用于某些固定表达中:cii-font-family:
'Times
New Roman'一箭之遥 at one’s wit’s end
黔驴技
穷
at arm’s length 以一臂之距 out of
harm’s way 在完全的地方
4. -’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较
(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。
of
所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of
Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience
of Jim 吉姆
的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival
of the Queen 女王的到达
(2) 必须用 ‘s
所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,
children’s stories
儿童故事 ②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报
③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband, a policeman,
has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。
.
.
(3) 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the
subject of
the sentence 句子主语 'Times New
Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family:
'Times New
Roman'②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing
北京市③当
中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor
穷人的生活④当of 所
有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is
a foreign
teacher of a university in China.
史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教
师
【课堂检测】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. March 8th is
__________Day. (woman).
twenty
__________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your
health.
shop sells ____________(妇女)
handbags.
rs in western countries have a
__________(三个月的) holiday in a year.
5.
I’ll give my English teacher a card for
____________Day. (teacher)
6. It’s only
ten __________walk from the station to the hotel.
(minute)
7. It’s an __________(hour) ride
from here to the museum.
二、选择填空:
1.----How’s Joy’s skirt?
----Her skirt
is more beautiful than ________.
A. her
sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate
C. her sister and Kate’s D. her
sister’s and Kate’s
2.This is _______
room. The twin sisters like it very much.
.
.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B.
Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s
3.In
______ time, those mountains will be covered with
trees, too.
A. few years B.
a few years’
C. a few year D. a
few year’s
4.We will have a
___________holiday after the exam.
A. two
month B. two–month
C. two
month’s D. two–months
5.Did
you hear the ___________report?
A.
policemen B. policemen’s
C.
policemens’ D. policemens
6.It’s
about _________walk from my home.
A. ten
minute B. ten minutes’
C. ten
minute’s D. ten minutes
7.This
is my dress. That one is ______________.
A. Mary B. Mary’s
C.
sister D. mother
8.Every
morning Mr. Smith takes a ________ to his
office.
A. 20 minutes walk B. 20
minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D.
20-minute walk
9.Where is ___________
sweater ? I can’t see it.
A. Lucy
B. Lucys C. Lucy’s
10.__________
mothers made them have piano lessons.
A.
Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s
C.
Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s
.
.
11.The room on the right is
________.
A. her B. she C.
Lucy’s D. Lucy
12.We’ll have a
____________ holiday. What about going to the West
Lake?
A. two days B. two-day
C. two-days D. two-days’(两天的假期:two days’
holidaytwo-day
holiday)
13.The market
isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle
ride.
A. half an hours’ B. half
an hour’s
C. half an hour D. an
hour and a half
14.Where’s your father ?
At _________.
A. Mr Green’s B. Mr.
Green C. the Mr. Green’s
15.The twin brothers always put small presents
in ___________stockings on
Christmas Day.
A. each other’s B. each other
C. each others D. each
others’
16.My father will have a _________
holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao.
A. ten days B. ten days
C.
ten-days D. ten day’s
17.Where have you been these days?
I
have been to Bei Daihe with a friend
__________.
A. in Chinese
B. of Japan
C. of American’s
D. from Canada
.
.
18.When
we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben.
That is to say my seat
was between
____________.
A. Ted and Ben
B. Ted’s and Ben
C. Ted and Ben’s
D. Ted’s and Ben’s
19.It is said that SARS
has killed more than _______________ people
worldwide.
A. three hundreds
B. three hundreds’
C. three hundred’s
D. three hundred
20.Kate won the _______
race in the summer sports meeting.
A.
100-metre B. 100-metres
C. 100 metre D. 100 metre’s
(同12题)
21.Whose bike is it ? It’s
____________.
A. John B. John’s
C. Johns’ D. Johns
22.I’ll give
you ________to finish the work. OK.
A. two
week’s time B. two weeks’
time
C. two week time
D. two weeks time
23.________ desk is the
cleanest in the classroom.
A. Ann’s and
Tom B. Ann and Tom’s
C.
Ann and Tom D. Ann’s and Tom’s
24.My pen is black. _________ is blue.
A. Kates B. Kate C.
Kate’s
25.Is this your room? No, it’s
_________room.
A. the children B.
the children’s
C. of the children D.
the childrens’
.
.
26.Who
is the man in the blue car? He is __________
father.
A. Kate’s and Mary’s B. Kate
and Mary’s
C. Kate and Mary D. of
Kate and Mary
.