英语主格宾格所有格分类列表
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名词
是什么?
“名”就是名字,那么顾名思义,名词是表示人或
物名称的词。联系到我们的生
活中,花草树木是名词,太阳月亮天体宇宙是名词,等等。
按照其是否专指特定,名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体情况见下表:
普通名词
个体名词
如:student,
computer
集体名词
如:team,
family, class
物质名词
如:water, milk
抽象名词
如:information,
anger
专有名词
如:
China, Li
Mei,
London
一般可数,有单复数形式 一般不可数,没有单复数形式
在句子中怎么用?
句子成分
主语
表语
同位语
呼语
定语
宾语
例句
The worker here work
hard.
My uncle is an
engineer.
Bob, our monitor, is
a smart boy.
Boy,
come here.
She wears a gold
necklace.
I eat an apple.
注意
一般情况下,名词不可
以单独作为
句子成分。
从例句我们可以看出可
数名词单数前需加
aanthe或者数词。
需要掌握的重点难点
一、可数名词的复数
既然名词表示的是人或事物的
名词,可数名词表示一个人或者一个物体时需要
和冠词配合使用,那么表示两个或者多个人事的时候有什
么变化呢?不光要
在前面加数量词,名词本身也要变成复数形式。虽然名词变复数的情况五花八
门,但也有一些规律可循,熟悉了这些规则,我们就掌握了一大半单词的复数
形式。
1. 规则名词复数形式
①名词直接词尾加s变复数。如:
pen
- pens apple - apples
②以s, x, ch, sh,
o结尾的单词加es变复数。如:
bus - buses watch - watches
fish - fishes tomato - tomatoes
hero,potato,tomato,Negro是加es,其他一般加s
记住:Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and
potatoes. 黑人和英雄吃西红柿和土豆。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es.如:
baby - babies
factory - factories library - libraries
④以f或fe结尾,去掉f或fe,变v再加es。如:
knife - knives
wife - wives leaf - leaves life - lives
shelf - shelves
注意:gulf, roof, chief, serf,
belief, proof, handkerchief变复数加s。
口诀:海湾边、屋顶上、首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。
2. 不规则名词的复数形式
①改变单数名词中的元音字母。如:
foot -
feet, man - men, tooth - teeth
②结尾加en或者ren。如:
ox - oxen, child - children
③表示“某国人”的单复数变化
a, 单复数同形。如:
Chinese,
Japanese
b, 词尾加s. 如:
German - Germans,
American - Americans, Roman - Romans
c,
变man为men。如:
Englishman - Englishmen
④复合名词的复数变化
a. 变中心词。如: a son-in-
law复数变成sons-in-law
b. 在最后加s。如:a grown-
up复数变为grown-ups
c. 前后名词都变。如:woman
doctor复数变为women doctors
d.
Boygirl在前时,变后面的词。如:a boy student复数变为boy students
⑤有少数名词是单复数同形。如:sheep, people
二、不可数名词
不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,一般只有单数形式,没有复数
形式。但它们也有以
下特殊形式。
1)物质名词和抽象名词借助单位词表示一定的数量。如:
a cup of tea a piece of paper a loaf of
bread a piece of advice
2)有些物质名词和抽象名词变成复数后意义有所不同。如:
air-airs神气
good-goods商品 paper-papers考卷 time-times时代
三、常用国籍的单、复数
名称
中国人
日本人
法国人
英国人
澳大利亚人
俄国人
美国人
德国人
总称(谓语用复
数)
the Chinese
the Japanese
the French
the English
the Australians
the Russians
the Americans
the Germans
一个人
a Chinese
a Japanese
a
Frenchman
an Englishman
an Australian
a Russian
an American
a German
二个人
two Chinese
two Japanese
two Frenchmen
two Englishmen
two Australians
two
Russians
two Americans
two Germans
归纳记忆:中国人和日本人单复数相同,英国人和法国人把a变成e,其余的在后面加s。
四、名词所有格,意思是“--的”
分类 规 则 例 词
Tom’s
pen汤姆的笔
单数名词在末尾加's
Want Mei's ruler王梅的尺子
Teachers' Day 教师节
以s结尾的可数名词复数,在
末尾加'
’s
所
有
格
以s结尾的人名,在末尾加’
表示各自的所有关系,各名词
末尾均须加's
Children’s Day
儿童节
the students' books学生们的书
twenty
minutes’ walk 20分钟的步行
Dickens' novels狄更斯的小说
Lucy's and Lily's bikes
露西和莉莉的自行车(她们分别有自己的自行
车)
表示共同所有关系时,最后一
词末尾加's
有些名词如诊所、家、店铺所
有格后加’s后,可以省去名
词。
of
所有格
“名词+of+名词”构成
of所有格,常用来表示无生命
的名词的所有关系。
双重
所有格
在同一名词词组中同时具备's
以及of两种所有格
luck and
Lily's bedroom
露西和莉莉的卧室(她们共享一个房间)
the
doctor’s医生诊所
at Mr White’s在怀特先生家
the
book-seller’s书店
the window of the room这个房间的窗户
the life of the rich 有钱人的生活
a friend of my
father's我爸爸的一个朋友
名词单复数、所有格专项练习
一、选择正确的答案
1、I want
three white paper.
A、pieces
B、piece of C、pieces of
2、Do
you want to drink much ?
A、a
milk B、milk
C、milks
3、This is room. It’s very
big.
A、Lily and Lucy’s B、Lily’s
and Lucy’s C、Lily’s and Lucy
4、We
visited house yesterday.
A、Tom
B、Toms C、Tom’s
5、Do you
want some for supper?
A、a potato
B、potatoes C、potatos
6、In
autumn,you can see a lot of on the
ground.
A、leaf B、leafs
C、leaves
7、My sister has two . One
is old,the other is new.
A、a watch
B、watchs C、watches
8、Best
wishes to you for Day!
A、Teacher’s B、Teachers’
C、Teacher
9、Many children like to go to the
Palace on Sunday.
A、Children
B、Children’s C、Childrens’
10、They come from ’re .
A、Japanese B、Japaneses
C、a Japanese
11、There are on the
plate.
A、two meat B、two
meats C、two pieces of meat
12、Some are coming to help us.
A、peoples B、people
C、the people
13、Do you think the of
buses is terrible?
A、noise
B、voice C、sound
14、All the
are made of ,not plastics.
A、glass,glass B、glassese,glass
C、glassese,glassese
15、The horse has four
.
A、feet B、feets
C、foots
16、Can you see many are
eating the grass at the foot of the hill?
A、sheeps B、sheep
C、a sheep
17、I saw quite a few
walking in the street last night.
A、Germen B、German
C、Germans
18、The two have been
hidden among those trees.
A、theifs
B、thieves C、a thief
19、——
Jim,where were you last night?
—— At
.
A、Doctor Li’s
B、Doctor Lis C、Doctor Lis’
20、Mr
Green takes a after supper.
A、20
minute’s walk B、20-minute walk
C、20 minutes’ walk
参考答案:CBABC CCBCA CBABA
BCBAC
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空.
1、There’re ten
living in this building.(family)
2、In autumn
fall form the trees.(leaf)
3、A lot of
visited our school last week.(policeman)
4、The teach us how to pick
apples.(farm)
5、The plaza is full of
.(visit)
6、The shop sells .
(radio)
7、There are many different kinds of
in the shop.(knife)
8、Do you know who was
the of the paper?(invent)
9、The
girl has just had an on her
eyes.(operate)
10、When I grow up,I want to
be a .(science)
参考答案:families
leaves policemen farmers visitors radios knives
inventor operation scientist
三、写出下列名词的复数形式:
1、bus 2、class 3、dress
4、glass 5、box 6、match
7、watch 8、tomato 9、radio
10、photo 11、zoo 12、city
13、family 14、country
15、factory
16、party
17、story 18、baby
19、day
20、way 21、key
22、boy
23、life 24、knife
25、leaf
26、German 27、Frenchman
28、man 29、woman
30、Chinese
31、Japanese
32、American 33、sheep
34、foot 35、tooth
36、child
参考答案:
buses classes
dresses glasses boxes matches watches tomatoes
radios photos zoos cities families
countries
factories parties stories babies days ways keys
boys lives knives leaves Germans
Frenchmen men
women Chinese Japanese Americans sheep feet teeth
children
四、用所给名词的所有格形式完成下列句子.
1、—— Are
these dictionaries your (brother)?
—— No,they are my (father).
2、Excuse me,which is the way to the
Hospital? (Children)
3、—— Whose are the rain
coats?
—— They are the
(students).
4、After my sister finished
middle school,she went to the
college.(teachers)
5、—— Is there anything
important in newspaper?
——
No,there isn’t.(today)
参考答案:brother’s
father’s Children’s students’ teachers’
today’s