中学英语所有时态和语态
马鞍山师专-厉害了我的国观后感
专题七 时态和语态
项目一、时态
1.一般现在时
(1)表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象;表示习惯性,经
常性的动作,或经常存在的状态。常见的时间状语有:
often,usually,always,sometimes,now and then等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起,从西边落下。
We have meals three
times a day.
我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯)
He is
always ready to help others.
他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)
(2009·天津高考)My parents in
Hong were born there and have never
lived
anywhere else.
living
live
选 句意:我的父母住在香港。他们在那里出生而且从未在别的地方生活过。根据句意可推断出:我的父母现在仍住在香港,因此选A。
(2)用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将要
发生的动作。
If you work hard,you will succeed next
year.
如果你努力,明年你就会成功。
What are you
going to be when you grow up?
你长大后干什么?
(3)表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
There goes the
bell.铃响了。
(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)Edward,you play so I
you played the piano.
't know
't known
't know 't
known
选 句意:爱德华,你弹得这么好。但是我不知道你会弹钢琴。根据句意,应该<
br>是指我过去不知道你会弹钢琴,故用一般过去时。故选A。
2.一般过去时
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常给
出过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last night,at
that
time等。
3.一般将来时
(1)be going
to+动词原形表示打算、计划、准备要做某事。
I'm going to learn
Japanese next year.
明年我打算学习日语。
(2)be+to do表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责、义
务必须去做的事情。
The meeting is to be held at
9∶00 a.m..
会议预定上午九点开始举行。
You are
to hand in your homework this afternoon.
今天下午你们必须交上作业。
(3)“be about
to do”表示即将发生的事,句中不使用表示
将来的时间状语。
I am about to go to bed when the telephone rings.
我正要睡觉这时电话铃响了。
(4)用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的
行为,只限少数动词,如go,come,leave,start,
begin,arrive,return等。
The train leaves the
station at 7∶15 a.m..
火车在上午7∶15开。
is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow.
王先生明天出发去杭州。
(5)be going to和will比较
①will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,
不含任何具体时间,可以指遥远的将来,而be going to
指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生,通常表示很
快就要发生的事情。
I believe China will become one of the richest
countries in the world.
There is
going to be a quarrel between them,I
think.
②be going to和will均可表示“意图”;但事先考虑过
的意图用be going to,不是事先考虑
的意图即临时决定用will。
I'm
going to Qingdao this weekend.
这个周末我要去青岛。
—Sorry,I forgot to buy the book you need.
对不起,我忘了买你要用的书了。
—It doesn't matter.I will
go myself.
没关系,我自己去买就行了。
4.过去将来时
表示就过去某一时间而言,将要发生的动作。
He said he would never
come back again.
他说他再也不回来了。
5.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段,但
不一定是讲话时发生着的动作;表近期特定的安排或
计划;go,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。
He is teaching
English and learning Chinese.
他正教英语和学习汉语。
(2008·重庆高考)Teenagers their health because
they play computer games too
much.
damaged damaging
d
damage
选 句意:青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。根据
句意,青少年损害健康这一现象尚未完成,符合“进行体具有未完性”的特点。故选B。
(2)表示反复出现或习惯性动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、
遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly等连用。
He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。
He is always making the same mistake.
他总是犯同一个错误。
6.过去进行时
(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发
生或频繁发生的动作。
He was watching TV at 9
o'clock last night.
昨晚9点钟他正在看电视。
(2008·湖南高考)I called Hannah many times
yesterday evening,but I couldn't get
brother
on the phone all the time!
talking
been talking
talked
选 考查动词的时态。句意:昨晚我给Hannah打过好多次电话,但一直没打通。
她弟弟当时一直在打电话。talk的动作发生在过去,故排除B,C;进行体可以表示一种感
情色彩,
此处有埋怨的意思。故选A。
(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由
when或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作
用过去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时。
My brother fell while
he was riding his bicycle
and hurt
himself.我弟弟骑自行车时从车子上摔了
下来,伤了自己。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was
looking.
当没人注意的时候,汤姆溜进屋来。
As she was
reading the newspaper,Granny fell asleep.
奶奶读着报就睡着了。
The reporter said that the UFO
was traveling east to west when he saw
it.那位记者说,当他
看到时,不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。
7.现在完成时
(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结
果,着眼点在现在。通常与下列状语连用,如yet,just,
before,lately,often,never,now,today等,但不
能同特定的过去时间状语连用(in 1993,last year等)。
I've
forgotten his telephone number.
我忘了他的电话号码了。
(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能
继续延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用,
如so far,up to
now,since,for the past (last)
few years等。
He has worked here for over twenty
years.
他在这里工作已有20多年了。
Up to now,we
have received no news from her.
直到现在,我们还没收到她的消息。
(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)Progress so far
very good and we are sure that the work will be
finished on time.
been
been be
选
句意:到目前为止,一切进展良好,我们确信工作能够按时完成。so far(=by
now)提示我们要用现在完成时态。故选C。
(3)ThisIt is the
firstsecond time+that从句。that从句谓
语要用现在完成时。
This is the first time I have
come here.
这是我第一次来这里。
(4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已
完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen
it with my
own eyes.只有我亲自看到,我才会相信你的话。
(强调“看完”)
I will go with you as
soon as I have finished my work.
我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”)
8.过去完成时
(1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之
前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by,
before,until,when等词引导时间状语。
By the end of
last year,we had built five new
houses.
到去年末,我们已建了五座新房子。
I had learnt
5,000 words before I entered the
university.
在我上大学前就学了5,000个单词。
(2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的
动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。
Before he slept,he
had worked for 12 hours.
他工作了12个小时才睡觉。
(3)常用于下列情况
①ThisIt is the
firstsecond...time+that从句。that
从句一般用现在完成时,如果把前边的is改为was,
则that从句用过去完成时。
It was the third time (that) he had made
the same
mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误。
②int
end,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去
完成时可用来
表示一个本来打算做而实际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想意图或<
br>希望,含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on
you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when
I was about
to leave.
我昨天本来要去看你的,但是刚要出门就有人来访。
I had meant to
help you,but I was too busy at the
moment.我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太
忙了。
I had thought you
would come tomorrow.
我原以为你明天才来呢。
③HardlyScarcelyBarely had...done...when...;No
sooner had...done...than...。when和than
从句里用一般过去时
,表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly(No sooner)had I got home
when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而
下。
Hardly had we started when the car got a flat
tyre.
我们才刚刚动身,汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
9.将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完
成,常用的时间状语为:by+将来的某个时间。
By this time of next
year,all of you will have
become college
students.
到明年的这个时候,你们大家就成了大学生了。
10.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去,并持续到现
在,并强调现在还在进行。完成进行时是完成时和进行
时的组合,因此,它具备完成时和进行时的一些因素,
如:它具备进行时的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的
特点。
He has
been learning English for 6 years.
(从过去某一时间开始学英语,强调到现在还在学)
It has been raining
for 3 days.
(强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)
(2009·浙江高考)Over the past decades,sea ice in
the Arctic as a result of global
warming.
decreased sed
been
decreasing decreasing
选
句意:在过去几十年里,由于全球变暖,北极的海冰一直在减少。由时间状
语Over the
past decades可知,主句只能用现在完成时,故选C。
项目二、 语态
+过去分词表被动
They got married last
week.他们上周结婚了。
He fell and got hurt.他摔倒受伤了。
2.主动形式表被动意义
(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,
appear,go,prove,turn等+形容词名词。
Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉。
His plan proved (to
be) practical.
他的计划被证明符合实际。
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的词:begin,finish,start,
open,close,stop,shut等。
Class begins!开始上课!
Work began at 7 o'clock this morning.
今天上午七点开始工作。
The shop closes at 6
day.
每天下午6点关店门。
(3)表示主语的某种属性的词:read,write,act,cut,
draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,
cook,lock,look,shut等。
The books sell
well.这些书畅销。
The door won't lock.门锁不上。
This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。
The plan
worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。
The
engine won't start.引擎发动不起来。
The pen writes
smoothly.这只钢笔写起来流利。
(2008·北京高考)No decision
about any future appointment until all the
candidates have been interviewed.
be made
made
being made been
made
选 句意:直到对所有候选人进行面试之后才能对我将来的任命做出决定。根据句意确定主句和从句的动作发生在将来时间,但注意从句中不能出现将来时态。故选A。