小学生英语动词基本语法与练习
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小学生英语动词基本语法与练习
动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词（指某个具体的静态如：think,
love 等或动态如：run, walk 等）、系动词（常用的是be, feel, get,
look, taste等）、助动
词（常用的是do, does,
did等用来构成否定句及疑问句）、情态动词（常用的有can, may,
must,
shall, should等，情态动词后一定要跟动词原形）。
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1) 动词的基本形式
绝绝大部分动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第
三人称单数、现在分词、过
去式和过去分词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的
方法大体相同
：
1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works, write-writes.
2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess-guesses,
mix-mixes,
finish-finishes, catch-catches.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化的有have-has
B. 现在分词的构成
1.
一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,
move-moving.
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写
末尾一个辅音字母，
再加ing，如get-getting, begin-
beginning.
4.
以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying,
tie-tying.
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成
1.
一般情况直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.
2.
以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.
3.
以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.
4.
以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加e
d，如stop-
stopped.
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练习：
I.
用be 动词的适当形式填空
1. __________ your father a
worker﹖ Yes, he __________.
__________ in
the classroom．
__________ my books﹖
___________her pears.
much _________the
T-shirt?
much __________ the socks?
mother _________forty last year.
can
_________ in our school music club.
's
___________friends.
and I _________friends.
e __________ in the room.
12. There
____ some apples on the table yesterday.
II．划出每句中准确的词
1.(IsAre)his
eraser on the sofa?
2.(WhereWhat)are your
baseball?
3.(DoDoes)Mary have a clock?
4.(AreDo)they want to see a movie?
5.
.(IsCan)she play the violin?
6.I (don't
doesn't)like hamburgers.
does Alice
(likeslike)music?
(amis) your father?
9.(WhatWhat's) her favorite subject?
much
(areis) her socks?
11. I (am, is, was, were)
busy last week.
12. Tom and I (am, are, was,
were) late for school yesterday.
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13. I (walk, walks, walked,
walking) to school last
Saturday.
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14. Rose (does
not, did not, ) visit her uncle last
month.
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15. There (is, was,
are, were) a lot of people over there ten years
ago.
III．写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。
如：look - looks - looking- looked
drink_________ _________ _________
go
_________ _________ _________
stay _________
_________ _________
make _________ _________
_________
teach_________
_________ _________
ride _________ _________
_________
have_________ _________ _________
pass_________ _________ _________
carry _________ _________ _________
come_________ _________ _________
watch_________ _________ _________
plant_________ _________ _________
fly_________ _________ ____________
study_________ _________ _________
brush_________ _________ _________
read_________ _________ _________
run
_________ _________ _________
write_________
_________ _________
swim_________ _________
_________
get_________ _________ __________
say_________ _________ __________
take
_________ _________ _________
see_________
_________ __________
begin_________
_________ _________
dance_________ _________
_________
IV.用所给词的准确形式填空。
1. Let me _______ (help) you find your
purse.
2. Would you like__________(buy)
things for New Year's Day?
3. I like
__________( make) kites.
4. He can________
(skate) better than ME.
5. You must ___
____( listen) to your teacher in class.
6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.
7.
She wants________(watch) cartoons.
8. It's
time for us ________( read) books.
知识要点
2). 一般现在时
一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every
day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes
around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4. 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生
的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数
动词，如：begin, come, leave,
go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。
如：The me
eting begins at seven.会议7点开始。
5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If you
come this afternoon, we'll have a
meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。
一般现在时的结构：
1. be动词：主语+be(am ,is,
are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加或。如：Mary
likes Chines
e.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时常用的时间词：often,
usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。
练习：
I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often
________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and
Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We
_______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick
_______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5.
______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6.
What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read)
newspapers every day?
8. The girl
_______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She
and I ________(take) a walk together every
evening.
10. There ________(be) some water
in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like)
cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same
hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her
baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do)
your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill.
I'm staying in bed.
16. She
_______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The
child often _______(watch) TV in the eveni
ng.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight
lessons this term.
20.－What day _______(be)
it today?
－It's Saturday
II.
改错(划出错误的地方，将准确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother
speak English? __________________
2. Does he
likes going fishing? __________________
3.
He likes play games after class.
__________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us
English. __________________
5. She don't do
her homework on Sundays. _________________
知识要点
3). 现在实行时
现在实行时的用法：
.现在实行时表
示现在正在实行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段
正在实行的动作。
现在实行时的结构： be+动词ing.
现在实行时常见的标志词：now, Look!
Listen!
现在实行时还能够表示将来.如：
He is flying
to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。
练习：
I.用所给的动词的准确形式填空：
boy
__________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2.
Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the
classroom .
3. My mother _________________ (
cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you
______ ( do ) now?
5. Look! They
_______________( have) an English lesson .
____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
!
the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom
.
is our granddaughter doing? She
_________(listen ) to music.
9. It's 5
o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she
is .
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's ten o'clock. My
mother _____(lie)in bed.
12. What ____he
_____(mend)?
13. We _____(play)games now.
____you____(do) these days?
15.
____he ___(clean) the classroom?
16.
Who____(sing)in the next room?
17. The
girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She
____(wear)a red sweater today.
II.单项选择
( )! He _____their mother do the
housework.
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A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is
helpping
( )2 ._____are the
boys doing
? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B
.How C. What
( )3. Don't talk here. My
mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping
C. sleeping D .sleep
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( )4. Danny ______. Don't call him.
A. is
writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes
( )5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't
know.
A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is
,come D. is ,coming
( )6. The children _____
football.
A. is playing B. are playing C.
play the D. play a
( )7. Listen! She____ in
the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to
sing D. is sing
( )8. It's six in the
afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
( )9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
( )10. I want to know when he _______ for
New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is
leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
A.
is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D
visiting
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( ) Germans _______(visit) our school.
知识要点
4). 一般将来时
一般将来时的用法：表示将要发生的动作或存有的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
一般将来时的基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do.
一般将来时常用的时间词：
tomorrow, next week (month,
year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段时间等。
练习：
I. 填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____
_______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。
What ________
________ _________ _________ _________ next
Monday? I _______ _
_____ _____ play
basketball.
What _________ you do next
Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you
_________ __________ meet?
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
is a sunny day. We___________________
(have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My
brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next
week.
often______________(go) to school on
foot.
But today is rainy.
He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
do you usually do on weekends? I usually
__________ (watch) TV and ______
______(catch)
insects?
's Friday today. What
_____she_________ (do) this weekend?
She
______________ (watch) TV and _____________
(catch) insects.
6. What ________ you______
(do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
7. Mary ____________ (visit) her
grandparents tomorrow.
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8.
David ______________ (give) a puppet show next
Monday.
9. I ________________ (plan) for my
study now
知识要点
5). 一般过去时
一般过去时的用
法：间发生的动作或存有的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过
去时也表示过去经常或反复发生
的动作或状态。
1.过去某个时间所发生的动作或存有的状态。e.g. I bought a
new shirt yesterday.
He was a worker two
years ago.
2.过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I
was a child,I often played wit
h fire. Li Lei
always walked to school last term.
3.谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
一般现在时常用的时间词：yesterday或由其构成的短语,yesterday
morning由构成的
短语last year
由时间段+ago构成的短语,
e.g. three days ago; 另外在宾语从句中主句为过去时,一般
从句也用过去时.
练习：
I. 单项选择。
(
).1 She lived there before he ____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
( ).2 I
_____but _____ nothing.
A . was listened;
was hearing B. listened; heard
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C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard
of
( ).3 When did you ____here?
A. got
to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
( ).4 I
____my homework at 7：00 yesterday evening.
B. would do C. was doing D. do
( ).5 -He
went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't
he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he
didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
II.
用所给词的准确形式填空。
1 They____(be) on the farm a
moment ago.
2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until
11：00 o'clock last night.
3. I _____(see)Li
Lei ____(go) out just now.
4 He ____(do)his
homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.
5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with
my friends.
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6 When
____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last
year.
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7 Did he____(have)
lunch at home?
8 I _____(eat) the bread
before I went to school.
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