延续性动词与短暂性动词讲解与练习
11月份有什么节日-读后感作文
短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名：_________
短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段
时间连
用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start,
join, marry 等；短暂性动
词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how
long等状语连用。但是，在否
定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：
live, work,
study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
值得注意
的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n.从句（时
间点），si
nce+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all
these+时间段，
from…to（时间点）以及tilluntil+n.句子等等。
例如：
这位老人已经死了十年了。
The old man has died for ten years.（×
）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段
时间连用）
The old
man has been dead for ten yearssince 10 years
ago.（√）
（die→be
dead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成
了表示状态的be
dead，dead是die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）
2.我买了这块手表五年了。
I have bought this watch for five years.（×
）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+
一段时间连用）I have had this
watch for five yearssince 5 years ago. （√）
（bu
y→have，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have
可以延续
）
3.我离开家乡已十年了。
I have left hometown
for 10 years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一
段时间连用）
I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（√）
（leave—be
away，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在
这里的状态，be
away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）
但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。
如：I haven’t bought
the bike for a year.
我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
She
hasn’t come here for an hour.
她来这儿还没有一个小时。
如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用
，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性
动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
buy get →have, borrow
→ keep，have
die →be dead
finish →be over,
Close→ be closed
leave →be away （from）
open →be open
marry→be married
fall asleep → be asleep
fall (get) ill→be ill
go out →be out
get up→ be up
put on →wearbe on
Move to→live in
comegobecome →be
go to school→be in schoolbe a
student
beginstart →be on begin
to study→study
Get to know→ know
wakewake up →be awake
Losediesellleave→ be gone
catchget a cold →have a cold
join take part in
→be inbe a member of comearrivereachget
to→be in
return tocome back togo back to→be
back(to)
come(arrive,reach,get) herego
(arrive,reach,get) there→be here (there)
练习：
一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。
例：He died 10
years ago. He has been dead for 10 years.
die→be dead
1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks
ago. He has kept the book for 2 →______
bought the bike a month ago. He has had the bike
for a month. _______→______
arrived here last
has been here since last year.
________→_______
4. They turned on the light 2
hours ago. The light has been on for 2 hours.
______→_______
5. He left here 2 years ago. He
has been away from here for 2 years.
_______→_______
6. The film began 30 minutes
ago. The film has been on for 30 →______
opened the door an hour ago. The door has been
open for an hour.
_______→
______
They closed the door an
hour ago. The door has been closed for an hour.
______→______
二、选择题。
( ) grandfather
______ for two years.
A. died B. has
died C. has been dead D. has been died
( )'s
six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B.
since C. before D. For
( ) father __ the
Party since 1978 . B. has joined
in . been
in
( )4.—Do you know him well — Sure
.We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( ) up! The play ____ for ten minutes
.
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ.
has been on Ｄ. Began
( ) _____ ten years
since he left the army. Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ.
Was
( ) uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has
lived there D. has left the
city
(
)8.—How long has Robert _____ —Since 2004. A.
been in Beijing
B. become a policeman
C. joined the art club D. studied in this school
( ) father____the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in
D. has been in
( ) long have you ____ the
library book -For about two weeks .
A.
borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing
D. kept
( ) long has he_______ this car
-For two years.
A. buy B. bought
C. had D. buys
( ) he arrived at
the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C.
has been away D. had been away
( )13The
factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was
open D. opened
( )14. Mary and Rose
_______friends since they met in 2000.
A.
have made B. have been C. made D. have
become
( )15.. You mustn't ________ until he
comes back.
A. be away B. leave
C. be left D. have left
( ) meeting
_______ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended C. has been over D. ended
(
). Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has
taught D. taught
( ) ______ a teacher for 4
years .
A. has been B. has become
C. was D. became
( ) _____ home for a
week.
A. have returned B. have been
back C. returned D. am returned
( )20.
How long __ he __ A. died B. has, died C. has,
been dead D. did, died
( )21. He ______ at
eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B.
was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
( ) long _____ you _____ ill -Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have,
been D. have, had
( ) 2000, he _____
his hometown.
A. has left B. has
moved away C. has been away from D. Left
( )'ll lend you the book , but you can only
_____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow
B. keep C. take D. took
( ) bus
______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped
C. has been D. is
( ) you _____ the jacket
these days
A. wearing B. putting
on C. dressing D. on
( ) ___ for 2
hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been
up D. is up
( )28. Tom is ill in hospital.
He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is
B. catches C. has caught D. has had
(
) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for
20 minutes.
A. has left B. had
left C. has been away D. had been away
(
)30. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D.
had slept
( )31. How long have you ______
here A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )32. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years I was
2. D. my age was 6.
二.句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。
例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this
school in 1999.
→Mr. Li has taught English in
this school since 1999.
2. The factory opened
ten years ago. → The factory _____ ____ _____
for ten
years.
3. John left Beijing three
years ago.
→ John_____ ______ ______
______ Beijing _____ three years.
4. His
company opened in 2003. → His company _____
_____ _____ since 2003.
5. My father bought
the car half a year ago.
→My father _____
_____ the car _____ half a
year.
6. We got
to know each other for about 15 years.
→We
_____ _____ each other _____ about 15 years.
7. The film began ten minutes ago. →The film
______ ______ _____ for ten
minutes.
8.
I borrowed this book two weeks ago. → I ______
______ this book for two weeks.
9. My father
came back the day before yesterday.
→My
father has _______ _________ for two days.
uncle bought the new car two months ago.
→My uncle has______ the new car ______two months
ago.
三.在句子中划出错误，并在横线上写出修改答案,句子的就打“√”。
1.
How long have you begun to study English
_____________
2. I have borrowed this book
for two weeks. ____________
3. The
river has become very dirty since last August.
______________
4. Our manager is away today.
He has been to Guangzhou on business.
____________
5. He has gone out for two years.
______________
hasn’t left his hometown for
30years. ______________