重庆交通职业技术学院-结婚的祝福语

短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名：_________


短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词
的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。但是，在否定
句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：
live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
值得注意 的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n.
从句（时间点），si nce+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all these+
时间段，from…to（时间点）以及tilluntil+n.句子等等。

例如：
1.这位老人已经死了十年了。
The old man has died for ten years.（× ）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时
间连用）
The old man has been dead for ten yearssince 10 years ago.（√）
（die→be dead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了
表示状态的be dead，dead是die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）

2.我买了这块手表五年了。
I have bought this watch for five years.（× ）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+一
段时间连用）I have had this watch for five yearssince 5 years ago. （√）
（bu y→have，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have
可以延续 ）

3.我离开家乡已十年了。
I have left hometown for 10 years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段
时间连用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（√）
（leave—be away，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这
里的状态，be away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）

但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。
如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year.
我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
She hasn’t come here for an hour.
她来这儿还没有一个小时。


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如果短暂性动 词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性
动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词 到延续性动词的转换：

buy get →have, borrow → keep，have
die →be dead finish →be over,
Close→ be closed leave →be away （from）
open →be open marry→be married
fall asleep → be asleep fall (get) ill→be ill
go out →be out get up→ be up
put on →wearbe on Move to→live in
comegobecome →be go to school→be in schoolbe a student
beginstart →be on begin to study→study
Get to know→ know wakewake up →be awake
Losediesellleave→ be gone catchget a cold →have a cold
join take part in →be inbe a member of comearrivereachget to→be in
return tocome back togo back to→be back(to)
come(arrive,reach,get) herego (arrive,reach,get) there→be here (there)
练习：
一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。
例：He died 10 years ago. He has been dead for 10 years. die→be dead
1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He has kept the book for 2 weeks._____→______
bought the bike a month ago. He has had the bike for a month. _______→______
arrived here last has been here since last year. ________→_______
4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. The light has been on for 2 hours.
______→_______
5. He left here 2 years ago. He has been away from here for 2 years. _______→_______
6. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film has been on for 30 minutes.______→______
opened the door an hour ago. The door has been open for an hour.
_______→______
closed the door an hour ago. The door has been closed for an hour.
______→______
二、选择题。
( ) grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died
( )'s six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. For
( ) father __ the Party since 1978 . B. has joined
in . been in

( )4.—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

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Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( ) up! The play ____ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. Began
( ) _____ ten years since he left the army. Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was
( ) uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the city
( )8.—How long has Robert _____? —Since 2004. A. been in Beijing
B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school
( ) father____the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
( )10.-How long have you ____ the library book ?-For about two weeks .
A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept
( )11.-How long has he_______ this car? -For two years.
A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys
( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
( )13The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
( )14. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
( )15.. You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have left
( ) meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended
( )17.7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. taught
( ) ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
( )19.I _____ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. am returned
( )20. How long __ he __ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. did, died
( )21. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
( )22.-How long _____ you _____ ill? -Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had
( ) 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. Left

( )24.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take D. took

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( ) bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been D. is
( ) you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
( ) ___ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up D. is up
( )28. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
( )30. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
( )31. How long have you ______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )32. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years I was 2. D. my age was 6.
二.句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。
例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.
→Mr. Li has taught English in this school since 1999.
2. The factory opened ten years ago. → The factory _____ ____ _____ for ten years.
3. John left Beijing three years ago.
→ John_____ ______ ______ ______ Beijing _____ three years.
4. His company opened in 2003. → His company _____ _____ _____ since 2003.
5. My father bought the car half a year ago.
→My father _____ _____ the car _____ half a year.
6. We got to know each other for about 15 years.
→We _____ _____ each other _____ about 15 years.
7. The film began ten minutes ago. →The film ______ ______ _____ for ten minutes.
8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. → I ______ ______ this book for two weeks.
9. My father came back the day before yesterday.
→My father has _______ _________ for two days.
uncle bought the new car two months ago.
→My uncle has______ the new car ______two months ago.
三.在句子中划出错误，并在横线上写出修改答案,句子的就打“√”。
1. How long have you begun to study English? _____________
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ____________
3. The river has become very dirty since last August. ______________
4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ____________
5. He has gone out for two years. ______________
hasn’t left his hometown for 30years. ______________

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