动词表示人或事物的动作或状态
高考本科分数线-校本研修心得体会
动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词（指某个具体的静态如：think, love
等或
动态如：run, walk 等）、系动词（常用的是be, feel, get,
look, taste等）、助动词（常用的是do, does,
did等用来构成否定句及疑问句）、情态动词（常用的有can, may, must,
shall, should等，情态动词后
一定要跟动词原形）。
1)
动词的基本形式
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分
词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加
s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相
同：
1.
一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works, write-writes.
2.
以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-
mixes,
finish-finishes, catch-catches.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化的有have-has
B. 现在分词的构成
1.
一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,
move-moving.
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写
末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如
get-getting, begin-beginning.
4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-
dying, tie-tying.
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成
1.
一般情况直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.
2.
以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.
3.
以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.
4.
以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed，如
stop-
stopped.
练习：
I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空
1.
__________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he
__________.
__________ in the
classroom．
__________ my books﹖
___________her pears.
much _________the
T-shirt?
much __________ the socks?
mother _________forty last year.
can
_________ in our school music club.
's
___________friends.
and I _________friends.
e __________ in the room.
12. There
____ some apples on the table yesterday.
II．划出每句中正确的词
1.(IsAre)his eraser on the
sofa?
2.(WhereWhat)are your baseball?
3.(DoDoes)Mary have a clock?
4.(AreDo)they
want to see a movie?
5. .(IsCan)she play the
violin?
6.I (don't doesn't)like
hamburgers.
does Alice (likeslike)music?
(amis) your father?
9.(WhatWhat's)
her favorite subject?
much (areis) her
socks?
11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last
week.
12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were)
late for school yesterday.
13. I (walk,
walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.
14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her
uncle last month.
15. There (is, was, are,
were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.
III．写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。
如：look -
looks - looking- looked
drink_________
_________ _________
go _________ _________
_________
stay _________ _________ _________
make _________ _________ _________
teach_________ _________ _________
ride _________ _________ _________
have_________ _________ _________
pass_________ _________ _________
carry
_________ _________ _________
come_________
_________ _________
watch_________ _________
_________
plant_________ _________ _________
fly_________ _________ ____________
study_________ _________ _________
brush_________ _________ _________
read_________ _________ _________
run
_________ _________ _________
write_________
_________ _________
swim_________ _________
_________
get_________ _________ __________
say_________ _________ __________
take
_________ _________ _________
see_________
_________ __________
begin_________
_________ _________
dance_________ _________
_________
IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Let me
_______ (help) you find your purse.
2. Would
you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?
3. I like __________( make) kites.
4.
He can________ (skate) better than ME.
5.
You must _______( listen) to your teacher in
class.
6. They enjoy________(play)
basketball.
7. She wants________(watch)
cartoons.
8. It's time for us ________(
read) books.
知识要点
2). 一般现在时
一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is
blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at
six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth
goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4.
有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin,
come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return,
open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at
seven.
会议7点开始。
5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If you come
this afternoon, we'll have a
meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。
一般现在时的结构:
1.
be动词：主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study
English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,
it)时，要在动词后加或。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽
喜欢汉语。
一般现在时常用的时间词：often, usually, sometimes, every
day(week, year...)等。
练习：
I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have)
dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy
_______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not
watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go)
to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they
________(like) the World Cup?
6. What
_______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers
every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us
English on Sundays.
9. She and I
________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12.
They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My
aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in
bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from
Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do)
not like PE.
18. The child often
_______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su
Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this
term.
20.－What day _______(be) it today?
－It's Saturday
II.
改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother
speak English? __________________
2. Does he
likes going fishing? __________________
3.
He likes play games after class.
__________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us
English. __________________
5. She don't do
her homework on Sundays. _________________
知识要点
3). 现在进行时
现在进行时的用法：
.现在进行时表
示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动
作。
现在进行时的结构： be+动词ing.
现在进行时常见的标志词：now, Look!
Listen!
现在进行时还可以表示将来.如:
He is flying
to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。
练习：
I.用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
boy __________________ (
draw)a picture now.
2. Listen ! Some girls
_______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3.
My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food
now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look! They _______________( have) an
English lesson .
____________(not ,water)
the flowers now.
! the girls
________________(dance )in the classroom .
is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen )
to music.
9. It's 5 o'clock now. We
_____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she
is .
's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in
bed.
12. What ____he _____(mend)?
13.
We _____(play)games now.
____you____(do)
these days?
15. ____he ___(clean) the
classroom?
16. Who____(sing)in the next
room?
17. The girl____(like)wearing a
sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
II.单项选择
( )! He _____their mother do
the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C.
is help D .is helpping
( )2 ._____are
theboys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C. What
( )3. Don't
talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B
.are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
( )4.
Danny ______. Don't call him.
A. is writeing
B .is writing C. writing D .writes
(
)5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.
A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D.
is ,coming
( )6. The children _____
football.
A. is playing B. are playing C.
play the D. play a
( )7. Listen! She____ in
the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to
sing D. is sing
( )8. It's six in the
afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
( )9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.
A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
( )10. I want to know when he _______ for
New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is
leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
A.
is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting
( ) Germans _______(visit) our school.
知识要点
4). 一般将来时
一般将来时的用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
一般将来时的基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do.
一般将来时常用的时间词：
tomorrow, next week (month,
year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段时间等。
练习：
I. 填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____
_______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。
What ________
________ _________ _________ _________ next
Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play
basketball.
What _________ you do next
Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you
_________ __________ meet?
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
is a sunny day. We___________________
(have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My
brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next
week.
often______________(go) to school on
foot.
But today is rainy. He ______________
(go) to school by bike.
do you usually do
on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and
____________(catch)
insects?
's Friday
today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?
She ______________ (watch) TV and
_____________ (catch) insects.
6. What
________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I
______________ (milk) cows.
7. Mary
____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show
next Monday.
9. I ________________ (plan)
for my study now
知识要点
5). 一般过去时
一般过去时的用法：间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一
般过去时也表示
过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态。
1.过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt
yesterday.
He was a worker two years ago.
2.过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a
child,I often played with fire.
Li Lei always
walked to school last term.
3.谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
一般现在时常用的时间词：yesterday或由其构成的短语,yesterday
morning由构成的短语last
year
由时间段+ago构成的短语,
e.g. three days ago; 另外在宾语从句中主句为过去时,一般从句也用
过去时.
练习：
I. 单项选择。
( ).1 She lived
there before he ____to China.
A. came B.
comes C. come D. coming
( ).2 I _____but
_____ nothing.
A . was listened; was hearing
B. listened; heard
C . have listened; heard
D. listened; heard of
( ).3 When did you
____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in
D. reach
( ).4 I ____my homework at 7:00
yesterday evening.
B. would do C. was doing
D. do
( ).5 -He went shopping with you
yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did
D. Yes, he did.
II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1
They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.
2
Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last
night.
3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out
just now.
4 He ____(do)his homework every
day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.
5 When I
was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.
6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I
_____it last year.
7 Did he____(have) lunch
at home?
8 I _____(eat) the bread
before I went to school.