先行词与关系词
把我的心脏带回祖国-小学工会工作总结
1. 先行词与关系词：
先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词指用来引导定语
从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定于从句中作主语，
宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在
从句中作状语。
关系代词
主格
宾格
所有格
指人
who, that
whom, that
指物
which, that
which, that
whose
既指人也指物
that
that
today that day
yesterday on Wednesday,etc
tomorrow the
next day the following day on Tuesday,etc
yesterday the day before the previous day on
Tuesday,etc
next month the month after the
following month in July,etc
last year the
year before the perious year,etc
a week ago
a week before a week earlier,etc
this that
these those
come go
bring
take
now then
the day after
tomorrow in tow day's time
the day
before yesterday two days before earlier
现在完成时有两种基本用
法：1）表示完成性，即强调动作业已完成，并对现在仍然存在影
响；2）表示未完成性，表示动作到说
话时为止还未完成或者还要继续下去。
完成性：常与already, yet, just,
once等时间状语连用
I have received Ella’s letter
1.一般现在时：表示真理性，经常性，习惯性，普遍性。[在口语里常用，在叙事性文章和故事里很少用]
例句： earth is smaller than the sun. [状态][真理性]
gets up early every morning. [动作][经常性和习惯性]
ody knows him. [普遍性]
2.过去时：表示过去某一时间里发生的动作或状态。 [叙事性的文章和故事里最常用的时态]。
例句：day we went to the park.[动作]
book was
there ten minutes ago. [状态]
3.将来时：表示将来某一时间里发生的动作或状态。
例句： will
help you tomorrow. [动作]
shall be here in
time next time. [状态]
4.过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将在以后某一时间里发生的动作或状态。[注意不要跟现在联系起来]
例句： years ago, Mary said she would finish
the work in a few days. [动作]
2. Yesterday
he thought you would be a good player after five
years. [状态]
5.现在完成时：表示在现在之前就已经完成的动作或状态[要特别注意不包括现在]。
例句：
have done our homework. [动作]
has been a
doctor now. .[状态]
6.过去完成时:
表示在过去某时之前就已经完成的动作或状态。
例句： days ago he had
already finished his homework. [动作]
he was
a boy, he had already been a head of the boys.
[状态]
7.将来完成时：表示在将来某时之前将完成的动作或状态。
例句：ow
morning, I will have cleaned the windows. [动作]
Sunday, he will have been a new doctor.
[状态]
8.过去将来完成时:表示在过去某一时间之前本该完成的动作或状态。[一般用于虚拟语态]
例句： he had worked hard enough, he would have built
a new house. [动作] [实际情况是因为他不够努力，所以新房子连影子都
没有]
he were alive, he would have been a doctor
now. .[状态][实际情况是他已经去世，所以永远成不了医生]
9.现在进行时：在现在之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]。
例句：Tom is reading a book.
10.过去进行时：在过去
某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]。
例句：The dog was eating a bone.
11.将来进行时：在将来某时
之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]。
例句：At
ten tomorrow morning, I will be writing the letter
for you.
12.过去将来进行时：从过去某时来看将再以后某时之前开始，以后还要延续
一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]。
例句：Jack told me
that he would be working hard the next year.
13.现在完成进行时：在现在之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[较少用]
例句：Tom has been reading this book for over ten
hours.
14.过去完成进行时：在过去某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句：The workers had been building the railway then.
15.将来完成进行时：在将来某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句：They will have been making their efforts
after that time.
16.过去将来完成进行时：在过去某时之前看来将来某时应该已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。{很少用}
例句：We thought they would have been doing
physical training till then.
楼层: 3
这三个词都有“在……之后”的意义，区别如下：
1）in表示从现在开始一段时间以后，它往往和一般将来时肯定句连用。如：
I'm coming back in a
minute．我一会儿就回来。
He will reach here
in two days．他两天后将到达这里。
2）after表示以过去
的某一时间为起点，“过……之后”，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。但是，
如果after用于一
般将来时，那么其后应接时间点。如：
He left there
after two o'clock that afternoon．那天下午两点以后，他离开了那儿。
They started to go again after two
days．两天以后，他们又走了。
I think he'll come here
after three o'clock．我想他三点钟后将来这儿。
3）
later指“以后”、“后来”，可以指过去，也可指将来，是副词，常常放在时间段的名词之后。如：
Three days later he got to Beijing．
＝After three days he got to
Beijing．他三天以后到达了北京。