延续性动词和短暂性动词笔记演示教学
新中学生守则-法国昂热大学
持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间，此类动词有 do, live, have, keep,
wear, sleep, wait,
work, play, stay, know,
sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.
瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，此类动词有 open, close,
finish,
begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave,
move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get,
win, fail等
一、持续性动词
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read,
learn, drive, write,
clean, slean, sleep,
speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand,
lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start,
finish, go,
come, leave, find, get up, arrive,
reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close,
become, buy, borrow,
lend, happen, join, lose,
renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on,
get onoff等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法
1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：
His parents talked with the teacher for half
an hour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）
My mother has lain in
bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）
My parents have
lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。）
2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法：
（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：
He has been in the armya
soldier for htree years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined
She has been up for quite some
time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up
Has your
brother been away from home for a long
time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用
has left
初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：
1、go——be away
2、come——be here
3、come back——be back
4、leave——be away（be not here）
5、buy——have
6、borrow——keep
7、die——be dead
8、begin——be on
9、finish——be over
10、open——be open
11、close——be closed
12、lose——be lost
13、get to know——know
14、turn on——be on
15、get up——be up
16、sit down——sitbe seated
17、join——be in（…）或be
a…member a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
1、用have代替buy
My
brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for
almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for
quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long
has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a
cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold
since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put
on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wakewake up
6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open
8、be closed代closeshut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work,
stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait,
watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称
非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发
生后立即结束。如open,
close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get
to, leave, move,
borrow,buy等。
Come-be here
Go – be there
leave→be away,
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
beginstart→be
on,
die→be dead,
move to→live in,
finish→be over,
join→be inbe a member of,
open sth.→keep sth. open,
feel ill→be ill,
get up→be up,
catch a cold→have a cold
come here --- be here,
go there --- be
there,
become --- be,
come back ---
be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep,
get to arrivereach --- be (in),
leave
--- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear；
例:The old man died 4 years ago.
----The old
man has been dead for 4 years.
---- It is
4 years since the old man died.
---Four
years has passed since the old man died.
He joined the Party 2 years ago.
-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago.
---- I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus
stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has
left B. had left C. has been away D. had
been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years
so far.
A. joined B. have joined C.
have been in
3. The factory ________
since the February of 1988.
A . has been
open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since
they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have
been C. made D. have become
mustn't
________ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave C. be left
meeting _______ for a
week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C.
has been over
Gao ______ this school for
nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come
to C. has taught
______ a teacher for 4
years .
A. has been B. has become C. was
D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C.
returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11. ----- How long can I ______ the book?
------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C.
get D. keep
________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ?
-----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell
C. have, been
2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been
away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you
can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B.
keep C. take
bus ______ on the road for 2
hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped
C. has been
you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D.
on
________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B.
has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in
hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D.
has had