高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版
党的纯洁性-安全教育日
非谓相对谓语动词的时间意义 例句
语动
词
说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home.
是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wishI hope to see
you.
一般
等。
式不
说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多I
saw him come in.
定式
数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾He helped him (to) carry
things.
语。
表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed
seeing the film.
I am thinking of taking over
the
job.
一般在动词insist on; rely on; count
on(相信)He insisted on doing that work
式动等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发
名词 生。
在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; I remember seeing him
before.
upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语On arriving
Beijing, he went to see
动词表示的动作先发生。 his
friend.
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语He stood there speaking.
持续性
动词表示的动作同时发生。 Holding a book under his
arm, he
现
动词
entered the room.
在
说明分词表示的动作发生之后，Entering the room, I found
nobody
分
终止性句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发in.
词
动词
生。 Turning to the right, you will find
一般
the post office.
式分
通常说明分词表示的动作，此句Written in simple English,
the book
词
中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 is easy to
read.
过
持续性
I can't find my lost pen.
去
动词
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语He is a person
well-known in this
分
动词表示的动作并无先后。 country.
词
代替完成式现在分词的被动语Educated by the
party, he became a
态。 brave fighter.
说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前I'm sorry to have troubled
you.
发生。 He is said to have come here.
He
is thought to have done it.
He is believed to
have done it.
完成
He seemed to have known
it.
式不
定式 在wish, hope, expect, intend,
mean, We wished to have done this.
suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有I expected to have left
by then.
实现。 (=I had expected to heave by
then.)
说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动We
regret having told you the news.
完成
作先发生。
After having finished his work, he
式动
went
home.
名词
He denied having broke the
glasses.
说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的Having finished
his work, he went
动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果home.
完成
是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; Sitting down
with him, we begun to
式分
leave; turn;
open.不用完成时 discuss it.
词
Hearing this, he
rose and went to
the door.
二．非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义
非谓语
动词
表示被动的意义
意义和用法 例句
The meeting is to
be held next
week.
He wanted to be sent
to the hard
area.
有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区The
box is not strong enough to
别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主stand this.
语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如：
It's too small to
see.
nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit,
suitable,
good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。
不定式
There is a lot of work to do
The
house is to let at low rent.
I am not to
blame.
Houses are still to seek.
Much
remains to do.
The text is hard to learn.
He insisted on being sent to the
hard
area.
My watch needs repairing.
The book
is worth reading.
The building being built is
a
表示被动的意义
动名词
在动词need,
require等的主动语态和形容词
worth后, 表示被动的意义
分词 现在分词
表示被动的意义
school.
Not
having been told, he didn't
know where to
start.
过去分词 表示被动的意义 Heated, the metal expands.
2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别
非谓语动
词
一般式现
在分词
完成式分
词
意义和用法 例句
含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表The person being criticized
is our
示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词 monitor.
表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一Not having been told about
it, I
般是瞬间动词 don't know how to do it.
具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中Given more time, (=Having
been
过去分词 谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成given) I can do
it much better.
式的被动词态可互换。
三．非谓语动词的句法作用
1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表
非谓语动词
不定式
句子成分
主语
直接宾语
短语动词宾语
宾语 宾语补语
介词宾语
形容词宾语
表语
定语
状语
同谓语
插入语
2. 非谓语动词作主语
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
非谓语动
词
意义和用法 例句
动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，To master a foreign language is
no easy job.
经常和特定的动作和执行者联系To do it well is my
earnest desire
起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有To see this film
is to waste time.
时表示将要发生的动作。 To solve this
problem is out of the question
动1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important,
词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见difficult, easy hard possible）
的另一种形式是在句首用先行代It is foolish to act in this
way.
词it作形式主语，而将动词不定It sounds reasonable to do
it this way.
式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主It appears likely
for them to arrive.
语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容2)
动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost,
不定式
词，动词和名词
amuse, delight, irritate, annoy
It took much
time to do this.
It makes us excited to think
about that.
It needed hard work to finish the
job.
It does no good to say like that.
It
didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.
3)名词作表语
It seems a pity to waste them.
It is a great pleasure to do this
It is a
good idea to think this way.
动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和Collecting stamps is a good hobby.
经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互Swimming is a best sport in
summer.
换 There is no telling what will
happen.
There is no denying the fact.
There is no need informing him of it.
动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable,
种形式是在句首用先行代词it作good, hard, worthwhile)
形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓It is nice talking to you.
动名词
语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式It's foolish behaving
like that.
是一些特定形容词和名词 It is useless doing
that
2)名词作表语
It's waste of time doing
this. It's no good
(use) doing that.
It's
an awful job doing this. It's fun
doing this
It is not an easy task doing this work.
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
成
非谓语动词
意义和用法 例句
分
不定式的逻辑主语一I want to read a
novel.
般同谓语动词的主语
用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford,
agree, aim,
一致
apply, arrange, ask,
choose, claim, decide,
decline, demand,
desire, determine, expect,
hope, learn,
manage, offer, pretend, promise,
refuse, seek,
swear, threaten, wish.
有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let
fall, let
pass, let go, let slip, 'd better,
'd rather, 'd
不定式
soon,
He made
believe he was correct.
动词不定式（短语）作He found it
necessary to work hard at English.
宾语时，如其后有补足用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge,
语，则可以用先行语believe, consider, count, declare,
deem, deny,
it作形式宾语，而将esteem, fancy, feel,
find, guess, imagine,
动词不定式（短语）后judge, know,
make, prove, realize, report, see,
移作直接宾语
show, suppose, suspect, take(think),
understand, think.
直
动名词的逻辑主语有Do you
mind my smoking?
接
时同谓语动词的主语
宾
不一致
语
动名词（短语）作宾语We found it troublesome
solving this problem.
时，如其后有补足语则
可以用先行词it作形
We consider it
worthwhile spending some time on
式宾语，而将动名词短
this.
语后移作直接宾语
有一类动词后面必须We enjoyed staying there.
跟动名词
动名词 常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge,
advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider,
contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue,
excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine,
include,
involve, justify, keep(on), mind,
necessitate,
pardon, postpone, practise,
renounce, resent,
facilitate, favor, miss,
resist.
有一类动词后面可跟1) 意义区别不大。
动名词也可以跟不定He
began learning (to learn) English at the age
式
of five.
常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love,
continue,
prefer, commence, attempt,
intend, propose,
decline, endure, neglect,
omit, recollect,
recall, bear.
2)意义有区别
a) remember doing sth 记住做过某事。
remember to
do sth 记住要做某事。
b)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。
forget to do sth 记住要做某事。
c)regret doing sth
遗憾做过某事。
regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。
d)try
doing sth 试着做某事。
try to do sth 努力做某事。
e)mean doing sth 意旨做某事。
mean to do sth
打算做某事。
f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。
stop to
do sth 停下来做某事。
g)can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事。
can't help to do sth 不能帮做某事。
h)go on
doing sth 继续做某事。
go on to do sth 接着做另一事。
这一类多是动词和小He insisted on doing that.
短
动名词 品词构成的短语 常见的短语有：stand up, leave off,
put off, give
语
up, can't help(stand)
动
词
这一类多数是一些特He is about to leave. He
did nothing but play.
宾
不定式 定的用法。 'd
rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd likelove
语
to do sth,
强调动作发生的事实、We saw him come in.
I asked him to help me.
将要和应该做的事 I helped him
(to) learn English.
He arranged for me to stay
there.
常见的动词有：
1)省略不定式符号的动词：make, let,
have, see,
hear, notice, watch, observe,
listen to, look at
2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice,
cause, allow,
ask, beg, drive, encourage,
expect, forbid,
宾
不定式
force, get,
intend, invite, permit, persuade,
语
remind,
teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn
宾
3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find,
补
prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel,
imagine, judge, suppose, understand.
4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide
for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for,
vote
for, call on, rely on, depend on, count
on
说明实际的情况，这种We call this process testing.
动名词
形式数量不多。 We know of the earth behaving
as a large magnet.
现在
分词
分词
强调动作进行的过程 I found him coming in.
He kept him waiting outside.
如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语
补语，分词形式不变。
He
was seen coming in
表示动作已完成，同宾We found him tied
to the tree.
语是被动关系，说明动I had my hair cut.
作在谓语动词表示的I can't get this motor started.
过去动作之前。 如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语
分词 have
(get) 表示的动补语，分词形式不变。
作往往表示别人完成，He was found
tied to the tree.
有时这个动作可能由
主语完成
这一类多是一些特定I hardly remember what I did besides
read.
的形式， He had nothing in mind except to
work hard.
不定式 It is better to do some work
than to spend the
time idly.
There is no
way out than climb the cliff.
介
这一类数量较多。
I'm afraid of making mistakes while speaking
词
English.
宾
He enjoys doing nothing
but talking with her.
语
On (as soon as he
arrived) arriving, he came to
动名词
see his
friend.
In (while) doing this, he learned a
lot.
常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object
to, prefer doing sth to doing sth
这一类有些语法家也
I am glad to see you.
angry,
context, furious,
认为是这些形容词的
常见的形容词有：cross,
happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry,
原因状语。
不定式
thankful, free, grateful,
keen, anxious, eager,
prone, ready,
reluctant, willing, humble,
jealous,
miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad
形
I am
surprised to see you.
容
常见的过去分词有：annoyed,
ashamed, astonished,
词
这一类有些语法家也
bored,
concerned, amazed, confused delighted,
宾
认为是这些形容词的
determined, disappointed,
disgusted,
原因状语。
displeased,
dissatisfied, distressed,
embarrassed,
excited, fascinated, inclined,
overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared,
puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared,
thrilled, vexed
这一类多是一些特定The tree
seems like trembling.
的用法。
动名词
The
book is worth reading.
He is busy working.
4. 非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词 意义和用法
连系动词 例句
表示具体的动有时可用To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.(一
作，表示打算、appear, seem,
般同主语的形式一直)
计划、命令和要happen等作连
What I wanted
to do is write it down.
求等意义 系动词
The only
thing you can do is wait and see.
How am I to
pay such a debt?
不定式
Such questions are
to be avoided.
He was never to see his friend
again.
What he said proved to be true.
He
seems to be ill.
常作主语的名词有：aim, ambition, duty,
hope,
idea, intention, mistakes, plan,
purpose,
suggestion.
相当于名词，说一般是be What
like best is swimming in the sea.
明主语动作的My job
is teaching English
情况和状态。 (My job is to
teach them to learn English.)
动名词 Seeing is
believing.
有时同不定式可以互换
Our duty is serving
the people.
Our duty is to serve the people.
相当于形容词，有时可用It is annoying that the meeting
should be put
现
说明主语动作become getoff.
在
分词 性质的。一般分等 常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring,
分
词后不再接任charming, comforting, confusing,
词
何成份 disappointing, discouraging,
disturbing,
embarrassing, exciting,
pleasing,
fascinating, interesting, inviting,
missing, obliging, promising, puzzling,
shocking, striking, surprising.
相当于形容词有时可用He remained puzzled. He appeared
satisfied
说明主语动作Become with that.
的性质或状态，get remain My work is finished. My
watch is gone.
一般后面带介appear seem;
常见的过去分词有：1)常见带介词about分词：
词短语，有些形fell; go;
lookannoyed, concerned, excited, pleased,
容词化的过去等动词 puzzled, shocked, worried 2)
常见带介词at
分词前可加分词： amazed, amused, annoyed,
astonished,
very. delighted, disappointed,
disgusted,
displeased, dissatisfied, excited,
offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked,
surprised, 3) 常见带介词against分词：
arranged,
prepared, irritated, arranged 4)
常见带介词for分词：
celebrated, concerned,
destined, disqualified,
noted, prepared,
过pressed, qualified. 5)
常见带介词in分词：
去absorbed, celebrated, concerned,
分disappointed, delighted, dressed,
词
embarrassed, engaged, entangled,
experienced,
interested lost, 6) 常见带介
词on分词： founded, based,
bent, set 7) 常
见带介词to分词： abandoned, accustomed,
acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed,
dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed,
engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost,
opposed, related, inclined, married 8)
常
见带介词with分词：annoyed, bored,
concerned,
delighted, disappointed,
discontented,
disgusted, displeased,
dissatisfied, equipped,
excited, occupied,
obsessed, pleased, pressed,
satisfied,
socked, stunned, surrounded loaded,
tormented, torture
5. 非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词 位置 意义和用法 例句
动词不定式表示将要发生，应该I have much work to do.
必须放在所做的动作，说明动作
不定式 修饰词（名或在谓语动词表示动作
He
has no place to live in.
这时介词不
代）后
之后，具有形容词性
有时根据意思的需要加介词，
能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。
质。
动名词放在说明所修饰词的性He looked me with
questioning eyes.
在所修饰的质，具有名词的性质，
动名词
词前 它同所修饰的名词间
a living room.
不存在什么主谓关系
在所修饰词说明正在进行的动a sleeping
boy, on the day following,
现在前，有些放在作，同它所修饰的动for years running
分词
所修饰词后 作存在着逻辑主谓关
系
一
般
在所修饰词表示被动的意思，多a
lost child, a fallen leaf, retired
分词
形
前，有些放在数不及物动词的过去workers, faded flowers
式
过去所修饰词后 分词不能用作定语，We have no time left.
分词 只有少数表示动作改Fill the blanks with the words
given.
变的动词表示在谓词
动词动作之前完成
放在所修饰一般表示要做和应该He is the first one to come this
词后 做的动作。 morning.
I have a lot of
housework to do at
home.
There is a lot of
work to do in the
company.
He didn't have
the chance to go to
school in the past.
1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词
agreement, attempt, claim,
decision,
decisive, determination, failure,
hope, intention, need, plan, promise,
短
不定式 refused, resolution, tendency,
语
threat, wish
2)说明被修饰词内容的名词
campaign,
chance, courage, efforts,
evidence, fight,
news, measures,
move, movement, opportunity,
position, power, reason, right,
skill,
strength, struggle, means
3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来
的抽象名
ability,
ambition, anxiety,
curiosity, eagerness,
impatience,
reluctance, willingness
放在所修饰
词后
分词
现在分词短语有动作
进行之意。
过去分词短语有被动
之意。
The bird singing in the tree is very
beautiful.
This is the bird shot by the
boy.
My brother, working in the south will
be coming in a few days.
6.
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词 意义和用法
表示目的，很常用。
例句
He went home to see his mother.
He came to
ask a question.
He got up early in order to
(so as to) have time
to study.
表示结果，很常用。
She says so well as to bring down the house.
Will you be so good as to tell him this?
He is not old enough to do this.
不定式
He is too excited to speak anything.
表示原因，
He laughed to see them fall down.
He wept to
hear the news.
表示选择和比较 She opened her lips as
through to speak
He would die rather than give
in.
表示条件 To hear him talk, you would think he
was
tiring.
表示时间，相当于表示时间，He went through
the papers while having
相当于状语从句when,
breakfast.
while。 Since leaving school, I met
him only once.
常用于这些连词后When, before, while,
after,
since
表示原因，有时同用作时间状Being ill, he
didn't come.
语的分词难以分清，相当于原
Not
understanding this, he asked the teacher
因状语从句because, since,
about it.
for 和
as。
分词
表示条件，相当于条件状语从Given more time, I
can finish the work.
句if。 We'll not attack
unless attacked.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
表示让步，相当于让步状语从Though warned of the danger, he
still went
句 though, although。 skating on the
thin ice.
表示结果，相当于结果状语从Their car was caught in
a traffic jam, thus
句，这种分词前通常有thus causing the
delay.
或thereby。
表示方式 He sat there, as
though waiting.
7. 非谓语动词作同谓语
非谓语动词 意义和用法
不很常用
不定式
例句
He has written two articles for the journal,
one to
be published in this issue, the other
to come out in
the next.
I saw many
people in the room, some talking, some
listening.
His chief hobby, sailing a
boat, cost him most of his
salary.
8.
非谓语动词作插入语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
多是一些特定的短语 To
tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to
be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin
with,
不定式 to cut a long story short, to be
exact, so to speak
To tell you the truth, I
don' t know computers very
well.
多是一些特定的短语
Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly
动名词 speaking.
Generally speaking, his
work is successful.
四.
非谓语动词的特殊形式
形式
非谓语动
词
意义和用法 例句
不很常用
动名词
for sb to do sth这种结构It is
impossible for me to do this.
可用先行代词it作形式主It
is for you to decide.
复合
不定式 语面将该结构后移作真正It
is time for us to do this.
结构
主语。 There is
a lot of work for us to do.
I'd like you to do
it.
无主
语句
子
感叹
句
常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous, easy,
useful, hard,
difficult, strange,
astonishing, pleasant,
fortunate lucky,
necessary, reasonable, right,
wrong,
natural, interesting.
with+名词或代词 to
do I feel quite easy, with her to help me.
sth的复合结构表示将要发
生的动作
It (That) is +形容词
of It kind of you to help me.
to do sth.
表示性格特征，常引导该形式的形容词有：absurd, bold,
行为表现。 brave,
careful, careless, cruel,
considerate, clever,
cunning, clumsy,
decent, foolish, good,
honest, impudent,
naughty, nice, polite,
right, rude, silly,
splendid, wise, wrong,
wonderful,
thoughtful.
send, bring, take
等动词The king sent the official to have a look.
表目的时，可带出自己的逻
辑主语。
动名词之前的名词，如果是His
coming won't help much.
有生命的，通常用所属格表I don't
mind your (you) smoking.
示，如果是无生命的，则用They
insisted on our staying there.
动名词
通格表示，现在有一种趋势We are happy about his coming to
see us.
用名词和代词代替所有格。 Do you remember Mary
coming to see you?
I objected to you smoking
here.
分词短语作状语时，一船没He stood there with his hand
rising
有自己的主语，其逻辑主语(raised).
就是整个句子的主语，但有We walked in, he leading the way.
时分词短语可以有自己的Greeting being over, they got down
to
分词
主语，由名词和代词表示放business.
在分词短语之前，它们存在He cried suddenly, tears rolling
down his
着逻辑主谓关系 checks.
His leg
being badly hurt, he had to sty in
bed.
There being nobody in the room, we didn't
go in.
多用于否定形式。 Why stay in the room? Why
not ask the
不定式
teacher?
征求别人意见。 What
about playing basketball?
动名词
How about
going to see a film?
多表示要发生的事。 To think how I
started!
不定式
To invite him! You are asking
for trouble.
分词 表示的意义根据句子而定。 Going to Beijing!
What for?
相当语这些疑问代词和副
词引导的从句。
不定式
其它
形式
分裂式不定式，被副词分
开。
用do和go构成的短语。 Go shopping, (hunting, fishing,
swimming,
动名词 walking, dancing, skating,
skiing)
Do some reading (shopping, sewing,
washing)
悬浮式分词, 可以和主句1) admitting that…,
supposing that…,
的主语不一致。 provided (that)…,
regarding, seeing
that…, concerning that…,
granted…,
分词
owing to dangle
2)
talking about…, judging from..
Judging from
his clothes, he is a doctor.
Finished my
book! I have just started.
What to do next has
not been decided.
What worries me most is how
to do it
I don't know how to leave.
We are
seeking the way in which to make the
work
easy.
It is not yet decided whether to discuss
this.
常见引导该形式的动词有：decide, find out,
forget, inquire, know, learn, remember,
see, settle, think, understand, wonder
He
wants to really know this.
五. 非谓语动词的否定形式
形式
非谓语动
词
位置 例句
放在不定式符号前，如果是省I
want not to go home. I let him not
略不定式形式放在动词前
go home.
不定式 He promises never to go there
again.
He got up early so as not to (in order
not to) miss the train.
一般形式
动名词
放在动名词前 Excuse me for not coming earlier.
放在分词前
Not knowing this, he didn't come.
分词 Not
having told when to start, he came
late.
不定式 主动形式否定意义 He was too excited to speak.
特殊形式
no和without引导的短语 No smoking. He left
without saying
动名词
good-bye