英语句子结构分析
活动策划格式-高中政治教学反思
英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
I.
根据结构划分：①简单句:S+V（主+谓）
S+link-V+P(主+谓+表)
S+V+O（主+谓+宾）
S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）
②并列句 and, but, or等
③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句（状语从句）
形容词从句（定语从句）
II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句
疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义
疑问句，修辞疑问句）
祈使句
感叹句
一．五种句型
1. I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting.
我喜欢网上聊天。
2. Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.
I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4. Chatting on
the internet brings me a lot of
fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐
趣。
5. We can call internet
addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
主语
I
谓语
动词
am a webaholic
表语
Chatting on the is
internet
Internet
dating hurts
I like
Interesting
表语
Chatting online
2.主+谓
3.主+谓+宾
1.主+谓+表
五种句型
宾语
Chatting on the brings
internet
We
I. 常用的连系动词：
me
间接宾语
can call Internet addicts
宾语
a lot of fun
直接宾语
a webaholic
宾语补足语
4.主+谓+间
宾+直宾
5.主+谓+宾
语+宾补
① 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow,
run, turn
② 保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie,
remain, stand, stay.
③ 看起来，好像：Appear, look,
seem.
④ 感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
II. 跟双宾语的动词
“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, ha
nd)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在
直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt
. + sth. + to + sb.”
如:He lent some money to
me.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），
pay,promise,r
ead,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“mak
e”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后
边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth.
+ for + sb.”。
如:Mother bought a new dress for
me。类似的动词还有：build，choose,
cook, cut, do, find,
fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如：Richard
made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西
Give it to me。把它给我
4、
有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe,
pay.
I asked John. 我问约翰
I asked a
question. 我问了一个问题
I asked John a
question.我问了约翰一个问题
5、 suggest,explain,introduc
e,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,
不能进行直接宾语
与间接宾语的转换。
Could you explain your point of view
to us?
=Could you explain to us your point of
view?
III . 复合宾语结构
1,Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋to do sth
His
father told him not to play in the
street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
2,
Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋doing sth
My father likes
to watch the boys playing basketball.
3,
Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋done
Yesterday I had a
picture taken with two Americans.
4,
Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋adj(形容词)
You should keep
the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。
5，Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋prep(介词短语)
My father
kept me at home
6，Verb（动词）＋Object（宾语）＋n(名词)
We made him our monitor.
● 常见的动词有:
tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order,
force, allow等。
● 注意：动词have, make, let, see,
hear, notice, feel,
watch等后面所接的动词不
定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1) The boss
made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I
heard her sing in the next room all the time last
night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔
壁唱了一个晚上。
二,各种句子成分
1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象.
Students study.
(学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
If you
want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.
不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to
start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
The painter painted
a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)
They fought
against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)
To see is
to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实).
Helping animals is to
help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
It is very
comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long
journey. (在长途旅行
中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。)
Eating
too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for
your health eating too
much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）
不定
式7）-ing形式.
2）谓语：是对主语加以陈
述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组
担任，放在主语的后面。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.
(我们是朋友)
I have a dream.
You don’t always
want what you need, or need what you want.
所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
He travelled in space
for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)
Who teaches
you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)
The pizza
has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。)
He can’t have
finished reading the 800-page-long novel.
(他不可能读完了那本长
达800页的小说。)
Something must be
done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.
(该采取措施防
止禽流感蔓延。)
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）
3）宾语：表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
They are
teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.
你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear
opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
The angel
also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那
个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充
当两个宾语)
He told me that the company could not afford
to pay him so
much
money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语)
They enjoy
watching football games so much that they often
forget their
lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语)
I think to be a children’s doctor is very
rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得
的。)(从句作宾语)
What
did he see? (他看见了什么？)
What does he write a
letter with? (他用什么写的信？)
With what does he
write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)
Please make me a
kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
充当
宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式
7）-ing形式
4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短
语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的
后面。如：
This is a
red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）
Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。)
France and Switzerland are European countries.
(法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。)
His mother and father are both
college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。)
This is the day
that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠词
物代
年龄形状
大小温度
色彩
来源
质地
材料
目的
用途
被修饰的名词(中心词)
构成形式：1）限定
词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）
过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）
关系从句
５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。
修饰动
词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放
在它们之前。如：
The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)
I
often write to him. (我常给他写信。)
The bag is too
heavy. (这个书包太重了。)
状语的分类
(1)修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，
副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，
频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。
Can you feel the love tonight?
Home never
looks so good as when you come back from getting
away from it.
只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。
(2)）
连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比
较）。
First
comes spring, then summer.
I’ve never been to
America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
(3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly
speaking, the food is not very good.
６）表语：用来说明主语的性质,状态,身份和情况. 一般由名词或者形容词担任。
如：
This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
Time is
money.
Three o’clock is always too late or too
early for anything you want to do.
你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。
He became a doctor
after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。)
The
rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。)
He
does not feel like eating anything today because
he has caught a bad cold.(他
今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。)
构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去
分词8）
副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句
7）补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）
主语补语
Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语
I
made Tom monitor.
表语补语
I am sure to
succeed.
Call him Jim, please.
(请叫他Jim。)
I tried my best to make him happy.
(我竭尽所能让他开心。)
Ask her to come to dinner
tomorrow. (请他明天来。)
He let the smaller
animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
构成形
式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过
去分词8）介词短语9）
副词小品词10）名词从句
8） 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）
名词从句
1.分析下文划线句子的成分
Two men were standing at
a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “I’ll
bet
you $$ 100 that I can bite my left eye.”
The wager（赌注）was accepted, and the
man popped
out his glass eye and bit it.
“Now,” he said,
”I will give you a chance to win your money back.
I’ll bet you
another $$100 that I can bite my
right eye.” “he can’t have two glass eyes,”
Thought the other man, and he
plunked(重重甩下)down his money.
Then the first
man took out his false teeth and bit his right
eye.
2.分析下列句子成分，并判断句子结构类型。
Time flies by.
I’m on a diet.
I own you one.
It
slipped my mind.
Old habits die hard.
I
enjoy your company.
I can’t stand the heat.
Chatting on the internet brings me a
lot of fun.
He speaks English well.
Teachers will make your English better.
They found the dead boy.
They found the
boy dead.
I found the book easily.
I found the book easy.
Tom found Jim an
apartment.
We found John a loyal friend.’
I will find you a good teacher.
She will
make him a good wife.
She will make him a good
husband.
3.分析下列句子中的双宾语，并试着用恰当的介词改写句子。
Give
a thief enough rope and he will hang himself.
Can you recommend me a good novel?
He
built them a hut.
He ordered himself a bottled
of champagne.
Will you choose me an
interesting novel?
Can you spare me a few
minutes of your valuable time?
Jack doesn’t
own me anything.
May I ask you a favor?
The boy sharp remark left the teacher
speechless.
That will save you a lot of time.
The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
It
cost me three dollars.
4.分析下列句子中宾语补足语。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
The telescopes of the 1600’s magnified
objects thirty-three times
their original
size.
The chairman has declared the meeting
over.
I prefer my steak medium.
Dick set
the caged animals free.
The pot calls the
kettle black.