(16份)历年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题七选五
学生家长意见-退伍感言
历年高考试题分项解析之专题七选五
1
【2016·全国新课标I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks,
companies, and government agencies use
secret
codes in doing business, especially when
information is sent by computer.
People
have used secret codes for thousands of years. 71
Code breaking never lags(落后) far
behind code
making. The science of creating and reading coded
messages is called cryptography.
There are
three main types of cryptography. 72 For example,
the first letters of “My elephant eats
too
many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
73 You might represent each letter with a
number, For example, Let’s number the letters of
the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we
substitute a number for each letter, the message
“Meet me”
would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A
code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or
sentences. To read the message of a real code,
you must have a code book. 74 For example
“bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might
stand
for “me.” The message “bridge out” would
actually mean “Meet me.”75 However, it is also
hard to
keep a code book secret for long. So
codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is
very hard to break a code without the code book.
B .In any language, some letters are used more
than others.
C. Only people who know the
keyword can read the message.
long as there
have been codes, people have tried to break them.
can hide a message by having the first
letters of each word spell it out.
a code
book, you might write down words that would stand
for other words.
r way to hide a message is to
use symbols to stand for specific letters of the
alphabet.
2
【2016·全国新课标II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A garden that’s just right for you
Have
you ever visited a garden that seemed just right
for you, where the atmosphere of the
garden
appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its
parts? 71 . But it doesn’t happen by
accident. It starts with looking inside
yourself and understanding who you are with
respect to the
natural world and how you
approach the gardening process.
●___72
Some people may think that a garden is
no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses
of
color. Others are concerned about using
gardening methods that require less water and
fewer
fertilizers(肥料). 73 . However, there
are a number of other reasons that might explain
why you
want to garden. One of them comes from
our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood
memories
Our model of what a garden should
be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose
garden and
Dad’s vegetable garden might be
good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 74
--how being in
those gardens made us feel. If
you’d like to build a powerful bond with your
garden, start by taking
some time to recall
the gardens of your youth. 75 then go outside
and work out a plan to
translate your
childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have
fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good
place for your own garden
C. It’s our
experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s
delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E.
Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and
close to plants
F. You can produce that kind
of magical quality in your own garden, too
G.
For each of those gardens, writer down the
strongest memory you have
3
【2016·全国新课标III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health.
71 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish
at
home. Americans eat only about fifteen
pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat
twice as much
fish in restaurants as at home.
Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.
72 This text is about
how to buy and cook
fish in an easy way.
73 Fresh fish should
smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing
at the ocean’s edge. Any
fishy or strong smell
means the fish isn’t fresh. 74 When you have
bought a fish and arrive home,
you’d better
store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t
cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be
stored in your fridge for only a day or two.
Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.
75 First,
lean it and season it with your
choice of spices(调料).
Put the whole fish on a
plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10
minutes if it weighs about one p
ound. (A
larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready
to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The
easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can
do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F.
When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help
prevent heart disease.
4
【2016·北京】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes We
decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth
it because when we weigh the risk and
the
reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some
of us enjoy activities that would surprise and
scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may
have to do with how our brains work.
The
reason why any of us take any risks at all might
have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were
better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.
72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed
from on
ration to the next, humans ended up
with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for
risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of
airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too
much
risk-taking could get one Killed. A few
daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-
the-cave
types. As a result, humans developed
a range of character types that still exists
today. So maybe you
love car racing, or maybe
you hate it. 73
No matter where you are on
the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your
willingness to take risks
increases during
your teenage years. 74 To help you do that,
your brain increases your hunger
for new
experiences. New experiences often mean taking
some risks, so your brain raises your
tolerance for risk as well.
Mean taking
some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance
for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers a
part of the brain related to pleasure becomes
active, while for the rest of
us, a part of
the brain related to fear becomes active.
As
experts continue to study the science of risk-
seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the
waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.
It all depends on your character.
B. Those are
the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being
better at those things meant a greater chance of
survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped
people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from
your family and into the bigger world.
F.
However, we are not all using the same reference
standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New
brain research suggests our brains work
differently when we face a nervous situation.
5
【2016·四川】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both men and women are living longer these
days in industrialized countries. 71 In general,
they can expect to live six or seven years
more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps
women live longer is the difference in hormones
between men and women. 72 Between the ages
of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones
that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These
hormones also have a positive effect on the heart
and
blood flow. In fact, women are less likely
to have high blood pressure or to die from heart
attacks.
73 They help the body defend itself
against some kinds of infections. This means that
women g
enerally ger sick less often and less
seriously than men. The common cold is a good
example: women
, on average, get fewer colds
than men.74 Scientists are still not exactly
sure how influence aging,
but they believe
that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells
have a tendency(向) to age mor
e slowly than a
man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a
tendency to age more quickly. 75
A．However,
women, on average, live longer.
B .The
biological factor plays an important part.
C.
Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body
in another way.
E. Recent research seems to
support both of these possibilities.
F.
Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can
live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals
which are produced by the body to control carious
body functions.
6（2015年陕西）
第二节
情景对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据对话情境和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填
入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。
Doctor: Good morning, Sir. 71
Johnson: Yes, doctor. I'm always tired but
when I go to bed I can't sleep.
Doctor:
72
Johnson: Since I started my new job
two months ago.
Doctor: What is your
job ?
Johnson: I’m in advertising. 73
Doctor: It depends. How many hours do you
work?
Johnson: About 80 hours a week
Doctor: 74 . Do you often
take exercise?
Johnson: Not very often.
75 .
Doctor: Well, you do need to
find some time. Try to work less, or look for a
more stress-free job.
A. That's a lot!
B. I like my job.
C. Does it matter?
D. How can I help you?
E. I don't have the
time.
F. What time do you usually go to bed?
G.. How long have you had this problem?
7（2015年全国新课标I）
第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past
experiences, 71 . That is a risk.
But
you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of
trust in a relationship that results from an
action
where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal.
Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to ,
misled, or cheated on, there are different
levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply
can’t trust
anymore, 72 . It’s
understandable, but if you’re willing to build
trust in a relationship again,
we have some
steps you can take to get you there.
73
having confidence in yourself will help you make
better choices because you can
see what the
best outcome would be for your well-being.
74 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim
of your circumstance. But there’s a
difference
between being a victim and living with a “victim
mentality”. At some point in all of
our lives,
we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
You
didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what
is left? Instead of looking at the situation
from this hopeless angle, look at everything
you still have and be thankful for all of the good
in
your life. ____75____ instead, it’s a
healthy way to work through the experience to
allow room
for positive growth and
forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust
yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in
someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the
victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the
best in return.
E. Seeing the positive side of
things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
F. This knowledge carries over in their
attitude toward their future relationships.
G.
They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to
let it happen again.
8（
2015年全国新课标II）
第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Training for a marathon requires careful
preparation and steady, gradual increases in the
length of the runs. 71 , buy the best-
fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No
one can
say which brand will work best for you
or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on
your
experience and on the feel of each pair
as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem
right,
walk in them for a few days to double-
check the fit. 72 . As always, you should
stretch(伸展)
at least ten minutes before each
run to prevent injuries.
During the
first week, do not think about distance, but run
five minutes longer each day.
___73___, it is
wise to take a day off to rest. But during the
next week, set a goal of at least a mile
and a
half per run. 74 . After two weeks, start
timing yourself. 75 . Depending on the
kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up
a timetable for the remaining weeks before the
race.
A. After six days
B. For a
good marathon runner
C. Before you begin
your training
D. With each day, increase
the distance by a half mile
E. If they
still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the
quality of training
G. Now you are ready to
figure out a goal of improving distance and time
9（2015北京）
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正
确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming
means people think about something pleasant,
especially when this makes
them forget what
they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad
reputation for being unaware of
what’s
happening around them. They can seem forgetful and
clumsy. 71 They annoy us
because they
seem to be ignoring us and missing the important
things.
But daydreamers are also
responsible for some of the greatest ideas and
achievements in
human history. 72 Can
you imagine what kind of world we would have
without such ideas
and inventions?
So
how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and
avoid falling over tree roots or
otherwise
looking like a fool?
First, understand that
some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better
than others.
Feeling safe and relaxed
will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And
if you want to improve
your chances of having
a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to
do it while you are involved
in another
task—preferably something simple, like taking a
shower or walking, or even making
meaningless
drawings.
It’s also important to know how
to avoid daydreams for those times when you really
need to
concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being
focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid
falling asleep.
___74___
Finally, you
never know what wonderful idea might strike while
your mind has moved slowly
away. 75
Always remember that your best ideas might come
when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also
helps.
B. They stare off into space and
wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering
minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-
it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was
thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for
self-control that helps people stay calm and
attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very
simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams,
which may be hard to
understand.
G.
Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or
voice recorder nearby when you’re in the
daydream zone.
10（2014年全国课标I）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been
invented. 71 By helping them develop classic
skills that will serve them well no matter
what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your
children need to be deeply curious. 72 Ask
kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we
add to make
these pancakes even better next time?” and then
try them out. Did those ingredients
make the
pancakes better? What could we try next time?
2. Creativity
True creativity is the
ability to take something existing and create
something new from it. 73
There are a
dozen different things you can do with them.
Experimenting with materials to create
something new can go a long way in helping
them develop their creativity.
3. Personal
skills
Understanding how others feel can be a
challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside
our
own head, but what about others? Being
able to read people helps kid from misreading a
situation
and jumping to false conclusions.
74 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you
tell how
that man is feeling by looking at his
face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how
would you feel?”
4. Self Expression
75
There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas
---- music, acting, drawing,
building,
photography. You may find that your child is
attracted by one more than another.
A.
Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And
we can’t forget science education.
C. We can
give kids chances to think about materials in new
ways.
D. We can do this in real life or ask
questions about characters in stories.
E.
Gardening is another great activity for helping
kids develop this skill.
F. So how can we help
our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a
meaningful way is a valuable skill.
11（2014年全国课标II）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my
experience, there are three main reasons why
people don’t cook more often: ability, money
and time, ____71__Money is a topic I’ll save
for another day. So today I want to give you some
wisdom about how to make the most of the time
you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for
great cooking on a tight schedule:
1.
Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a
pain are when I’m already hungry and
there is
nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming
week. When will you have time to
cook? Do you
have the right materials ready?_____72___
2.
Make your time worth it. When you do find time to
cook a meal, make the most of it and save
yourself time later on. Are you making one
loaf of bread? ___73___ it takes around the same
amount of time to make more of something. So
save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3.
____74___ This may surprise you, but one of the
best tools for making cooking worth your
time
is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit
upon new ideas and recipes that can
work well
with your appetite and schedule. The more you
learn and the more you try, the
more ability
you have to take control of your food and your
schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good
start. ____75___ and don’t let a busy schedule
discourage you
from making some great changes
in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new
things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C.
Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your
food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many
people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a
joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time
planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
12(2014北京)
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正
确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health
requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step
in
bettering your evaluation ability is to
look carefully at your sources of healthy
information.
Reasonable evaluation includes
knowing where and how to fins relevant
information, how to
separate fact from
opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how
to analyze information and
the reliability of
sources. 71
Go to the original source.
Media reports often simplify the results of
medical research. Find out
for yourself what a
study really reported, and determine whether it
was based on good science.
Think about the
type of study. 73
Watch for misleading
language. Some studies will find that a behaviour
“contributes to” or is
“associated
with” an outcome; this does not mean that a
certain course must lead to a certain result.
73 Carefully read or listen to information
in order to fully understand it.
Use your
common sense. If a report seems too good to be
true, probably it is. Be especially
careful of
information contained in advertisements. 74
Evaluate “scientific” statements
carefully,
and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
75
Friends and family members can be a great source
of ideas and inspiration, but
each of us needs
to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably
and independently about the health problems will
serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B.
The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C.
Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original
research.
E. Distinguish between research
reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware
that information may also be incorrectly explained
by an author’s point of view.
G. The following
suggestions can help you sort through the health
information you receive from
common sources.
13(2013年全国课标I)
第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Business is the organized approach to
providing customers with the goods and services
they want.
The word business also refers to an
organization that provides these goods and
services. Most
businesses seek to make a
profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income
that is more than the
costs of operating the
business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these
organizations are primarily
nongovernmental
service providers. 72
Business management is
a term used to describe the techniques of
planning, direction, and
control of the
operations of a business. 73 One is the
establishment（制定） of broad basic policies
with
respect to production; sales; the purchase of
equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.
74 The third relates to the establishment of
standards of work in all departments. Direction is
concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and
guidance by the management in authority. 75
A. Control includes the use of records and
reports to compare actual work with the set
standards for
work.
B. In this connection
there is the difference between top management and
operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit
business include such organizations as social
service agencies and may
hospitals.
D.
However, some businesses only seek to earn enough
to cover their operating costs.
E. The
second aspect relates to the application of these
policies by departments.
F. In the theory of
business management, organization has two main
aspects.
G. Planning in business management
has three main aspects.
14(2013年全国课标II)
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能
坡入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选
项。
Public Speaking
Training
·Get a coach
71 , so get
help. Since there are about a billion companies
out there all ready to offer you
public
speaking training and courses, here are some
things to look for when deciding the training
that's right for you.
·Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective
at public speaking should always focus on the
positive aspects of what you already do well.
Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told
that
you aren't doing well.
72 , so
good public speaking training should develop those
instead of telling you what you
shouldn't do.
73
If you find a public speaking
course that looks as though it's going to give you
lots of
dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain
is so full of what you're going to be talking
about. 74 . As far as we're concerned,
there are basically no hard and fast rules
about public speaking. Your audience can be
your friends.
You are a special person not
a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking
training should treat you as a special one, with
your own
personal habits. 75 . Your training
course should help you bring out your personality,
not try to
turn you into someone you're not.
A. You aren't like anybody else
B. You
already do lots of things well
C. Turn your
back on too many rules
D. Check the
rules about dos and don'ts
E. Whatever the
presentation, public speaking is tough
F .The
one thing you don't want is for them to fall
asleep
G. So trying to force a whole set of
rules into it will just make things worse
15(2013年北京)
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正
确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Urbanization
Until relatively recently,
the vast majority of human beings lived and died
without ever seeing a
city. The first city was
probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.
71_ . In fact, nearly
everyone lived on farms
or in
tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not
until the 20th century that Great Britain became
the first urban
society in
history— a
society in which the majority of people live in
cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain
was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of
urbanization— the migration (迁移) of
people
from the countryside to the city— was the result
of modernization, which has rapidly
transformed how people live and
where they
live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans
lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans
live in
cities. Only about 2% live on farms.
73 .
Large cities were impossible until
agriculture became industrialized. Even in
advanced agricultural
societies. It took about
ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in
cities. _74 . Until
modern times, those
living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)
and the servants, laborers and
professionals
who served them. Cities
survived by taxing
farmers and were limited in size by the amount of
surplus food that the rural
population
produced and by the ability to move this surplus
from farm to city.
Over the past two
centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken
this balance between the city and the
country.
75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five
farmers to feed five city people, one American
farmer is able to feed more than a hundred
non-farmers.
A. That kept cities very small.
B. The rest live in small towns.
C. The
effects of urban living on people should be
considered.
D. Soon many other
industrial nations become urban societies.
E.
But even 200 years ago, only a few people could
live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people
to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G. Modern cities have destroyed social
relations and the health of human beings.
16（2013辽宁）
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据
短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
选项中有两项为
多余选项。
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue,
but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone
has deeply hurt you, it
can be extremely
difficult to let go of your hate. However,
forgiveness is possible, and it can be
surprisingly beneficial to your physical and
mental health. People who forgive show less
sadness,
anger and stress and more
hopefulness, according to a recent research.
________71_______ Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. ________72_______ You can take
a couple of breaths and think of something that
gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in
nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an
apology. Many times the person who hurt you does
not intend to apologize.
They may have wanted
to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same
way. ________73_______
Keep in mind that
forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming
friends again with the person who
upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者).
Rethinking about you hurt gives power to the
person who causes you pain. Instead of
focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look
for the love,
beauty and kindness around you.
________74_______ If you understand your
offender, you may realize that he or she was
acting
out of unawareness, fear, and even
love. You may want to write a letter to yourself
from your
offender’s point of view.
Don’t
forget to forgive yourself. ________75_______ But
it can rob you of your self-confidence if
you
don’t do it.
A. Why should you forgive?
B. How should you start to forgive?
C.
Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D. Try
to see things from you offender’s angle.
E. For some people, forgiving
themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. To
make your anger die away, try a simple stress-
management technique.
G. If you wait for
people to apologize, you could be waiting an
awfully long time.