2020届高考英语复习疯狂专练三 词性转化及词性变化单句填空+语法填空(学生版)

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2020年08月17日 11:27
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疯狂专练三


词性转化单句填空+语法填空
技巧点拨
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题:
(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式;(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式;(3)修饰动词、形容词 或另一副词,作
状语,用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下:
第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在 句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和
宾语的补足语,一般要用形容词 ;修饰动词、形容词或副词,或修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词;作
主语或宾语用名词,或者在冠词、形 容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
注意:
1. 有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺;
2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的
前缀了。


形容词→副词
形容词→形容词比较级最高级
形容词→名词
形容词→动词
动词→名词
wide→widely
wide→widerwidest
wide→width
wide→ widen
instruct → instruction (s)
happy →happily, simple →simply,
特殊变性
true →truly, arrange →arrangement,
judge →judgment


常考考点
小题狂练
1.【2019·全国 II卷】Her years of hard work have _____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提
名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.


2It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _____
全国卷
I


2019·
(poor) studied.
3.

2019·
全国卷
I
改编】
It leads to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing
4. 【2019·浙江卷】Other American studies showed no _____ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
5.【2019·浙江卷】School uniforms are _____ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
6.

2018·
全国卷
I I

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _____ (globe)
fertilizer consumption.
7.

2018·
全国卷
III

I'm a _____ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
8.

2018·
全国卷
I

Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy).
9.

2017·
全国卷
I I

This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and
lifts.
10. 【2019·浙江卷改编】When the children are walking to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ______ (easy) see
them.
11. She took the job for ______(variety)reasons.
12. It (eventual) became China’s primary faith, more widespread than the original Chinese religions of
Confucianism and Taoism.
13. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
________(compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.
14. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days
adds up.
15. He explained that he tried to ________ (simple) the show and ensured the piglet is unforgettable.
16. The _______ (produce) made his fortune thanks to the young peppa pig.
17. Now that you are able to take up arms and protect your motherland,we are all________(pride)of you.
18. I suggest we should find new ways to protect the ______(endanger)animals.
19. In the course of ______(evolve),some birds have lost the power of flight.
20. In order to protect the environment people shouldn’t destroy ______(nature)balance.

直击考题
passage1
主题
空气污染的影响
字数
215字
建议用时
9分钟
体裁
议论文
The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (
过早的
) ___1___ (death) a year, not just in


___2___ (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China

people are well aware of the health
problems it brings.
I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike ___3___
when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my ___4___
(perform) at work. A new research in China has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the
study, 25,000 people living across China __5___ (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of
those ___6___ lived in more polluted areas were ___7___ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a
growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart ___8___ on the brain.
This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the ___9___ (many) problems we’re storing
up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government ___10___ (think) hard before it
publishes its clean air strategy next year.
passage2
体裁
议论文
主题
手机与沟通
字数
200字
建议用时
9分钟
【晋冀鲁豫中原名校2019届高三第三次联考】
Stand in line at any grocery store or sit in any hospital waiting
room, and you see people staring at their phones, probably catching up on news or just relieving their boredom. This
seems harmless enough. But could being on our phones affect our___1___(able) to connect with the people around
us?__2___new study aimed to answer that question.
Researcher Kostadin Kushlev and his colleagues asked pairs of college students

___3___were strangers to each
other___4___(come) into a small lab waiting room-either with or without their phones. They were told that the
researchers were running a bit late and they needed to wait. While waiting, their faces were___5___(secret)
videotaped. Afterwards, the students___6___(report) how they felt and how much they interacted(
互动
)with the other
participants.
The researchers studied videotapes of the faces of airs who interacted

___7___(measure) how often they smiled.
The___8___(result)?People with phones exhibited fewer smiles overall. They spent 30% less of the time
smiling___9___people without phones, signaling less interest in connecting with others. What's more, thirty-two
participants with phones didn't interact at all in the waiting room. These findings show that using phones in public
_____10_____(affect) one's interaction with others. Consequently

cell phones should be used wisely.
passage3
体裁
说明文
主题
金庸的介绍
字数
173字
建议用时
8分钟


【江西省名校(临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三5月联合考试】
Loui s Cha, better known by his pen name
Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, ___1___co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao
in 1959 and ___2___ (serve) as the first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong’s most famous writer.
His wuxia novels have ___3___ widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works
___4___ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia
writers ever. By the time of his ___5___ (die) he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of
his works have been sold worldwide. His works have the unusual ability ___6___ (go) beyond geographical and
ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving ___7___ (great) success than any other
contemporary writer.
Most of his works ____8____ (translate) into many languages so far, including English, French, etc. Even the
asteroid (
小行星
) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named ____9____ him. We cannot thank him more for ____10____
he has done in novel literature.







答案与解析

小题狂练
1.【答案】
finally
【 解析】
考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been
acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
2.【答案】
poorly
【解析】
考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可 知,此处用副词
poorly
修饰谓语动词
has been studied
,意为


究很少

。故填
poorly

3.【答案】
belief
【解析】
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和 其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。

4.【答案】
connectionconnections
【解析】
考查 名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。
no
是形容词,形容词修饰名
词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。
connect
是动词,

联系

的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。
故填
connection connections


5.【答案】
traditional
【解析】
考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。
are


系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,
tradition< br>是名词,

传统

的意思,因此,用其形容词形式。故填
tr aditional

6.【答案】
global
【解析】
考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应
该用形容词修饰。故填global。
7.【答案】
scientist
【解析】
考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
8.【答案】
energetic
【解析】
考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充 满活力的。根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
9.【答案】
introduction
【解析】
考查词性转换。空格前是 the,后面应该是名词,故填名词introduction。
10.【答案】
easily
【解析】
考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所 给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词
形式。故填
easily


11.【答案】
various
【解析】
考查形容词。句意:她由于种种原 因接受了这份工作。修饰复数名词reasons应用形容词,故填various。


12.【答案】
eventually

【解析】
考 查副词。修饰动词became,应用副词形式,故填eventually。

13.【答案】
competition

【解析】
考查名词。句意 :当他们没有工作的时候,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们知道一个有趣的比
赛,以及它背后的故 事。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。
故填competition。

14.【答案】
affordable
【解析】
考查形容词。此处表示一 周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的,系动词be后用形容词作表语,表示“负担
得起的”, 故填affordable。
15.【答案】
simplify
【解析】
考查词性转化。try to do sth.“尝试做某事”后跟动词原形,故填动词simplify。
16.【答案】
producer
【解析】
考查词性转化。句意:这位制作 人靠年轻的小猪佩奇发了财。做主语,表示“制作人”,故填producer。
17.【答案】
proud

【解析】
考查形容词。句意:现在你们 能够拿起武器保卫祖国了,我们都为你们感到骄傲。固定短语be proud
of=take pride in以……为自豪。故填proud。
18.【答案】
endangered
【解析】
考查形容词。句意:我建议我们应该寻找新的方法保护濒危动物。修饰名词anima ls应用形容词形式。
endanger(使遭危险)的形容词为endangered,意为“濒危的 ”,符合句意。故填endangered。
19.【答案】
evolution
【解析】
考查名词。句意:在进化的过程中,一些鸟丧失了飞行能力。空格前of为介词,空格后没有其 他形
式的宾语,所以空格处应用名词形式。evolve(进化)的名词形式为evolution,故 填evolution。
20.【答案】
natural
【解析】
考查形 容词。句意:为了保护环境,人们不应该破坏自然平衡。修饰名词应用形容词形式。nature(自
然 界,大自然)的形容词形式为natural(自然的)。故填natural。


【答案】

1. deaths
6. who
【解析】

2. developing 3. it 4. performance 5. were tested
9. more 10. to think
直击考题
passage1
7. negatively 8. but


1.
考查名词复数。句意:无声杀手
——空气污染每年导致
700
万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国
和美国也是如 此。此处
death“
死亡的人数

,是可数名词,结合句意可知此处用复数 形式,故答案为
deaths


2.
考查词性转化。句意参照上题 解析。由
“but”
可知,此处是

发展中的

,是形容词 作定语修饰后面的名词,
故答案为
developing


3.< br>考查
it
用法。句意:我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处
it
是形式主语 ,
when
引导的从句是真正的主语,
故答案为
it

< br>4.
考查词性转化。句意:我认为这确实会影响我的工作表现。此处
my
是形容 词性物主代词,修饰名词,
故答案为
performance


5 .
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意:在这项研究中,去年对中国各地的
2.5
万人 进行了语言和数学技
能测试。此处句子主语
people
,集体名词,和谓语动词test
之间是一种被动关系,再根据
last year
可知是发生
在过去,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故答案为
were tested


6.
考查定语从句。句意:他们发现,那些生活在污染更严 重地区的人受到了负面影响,尤其是在语言方面。
此处
those
是先行词,指人,在 后面的定语从句中作主语,故答案为
who


7.
考查词性转换。 句意参照上题解析。此处
impacted
是动词,由副词修饰,故答案为
negat ively


8.
考查固定搭配。句意:越来越多的证据表明,空气污染不 仅会影响肺部和心脏,还会影响大脑。固定搭
配:
not justonly…but

also


不但
……
而且
……”
。故 答案为
but


9.
考查比较级。句意:这项研究表明,我们接触 空气污染的时间越长,我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越
多。固定结构:
the+
比较 级,
the+
比较级


……
,越
……


故答案为
more


10.
考查动词。句意: 活动家希望这项研究能说服英国政府在明年公布其清洁空气战略之前多斟酌。固定
搭配:
per suade sb. to do sth.“
劝说某人做某事

。故答案为
to think


passage2
【答案】
1. ability
6. reported
【解析】
1.考查词性转化。句意:但是使用手机会影响我们与周围的人交流的能力么?作动词
affect的宾语用名词,故

ability


2.
考查冠词 。句意:一项新研究旨在回答这个问题。
study
意为

研究
”< br>,为可数名词,此处是第一次提到,用
不定冠词表泛指,故填
A


3.
考查定语从句。句意:研究员
Kostadin Kushlev
和他的 同事让几组互不相识的大学生进入一间小实验室的等
候室,他们可以带手机,也可以不带手机,分析句子 结构可知,该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,从句中
缺少主语,先行词是
pairs of college students
,故填关系代词
who


2. A 3. who come

ly
s ing s


4.
考查动词。句意参考上题析,
ask sb. to do sth
表示

让某人做某事

,故填
to come


5.
考查词性转化。句意:在等待时,他们的脸被秘密地录了下 来。修饰动词
videotaped
用副词,故填
secretly


6.
考查时态。句意:之后,学生们报告了他们的感觉以及与其他参与者的互动有多少。事 情发生在过去,应该
用一般过去时,故填
reported


7.
考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员研究了互动的学生的面部表情录像,测量他们微笑的频率。
researchers

measure
之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现 在分词作状语,故填
measuring


8.
考查名词。句意: 结果呢?总的来说,带手机的学生微笑次数更少。
result
为可数名词,根据随后的介绍可

,
此处不止一个结果,故此处用可数名词复数形式
.
,故填
results


9.
考查介词。句意:他们微笑的时间比没带手机的学 生少
30
%。根据
“less”
可知此处填介词
than


10.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这些发现表明,在公共场合使用手机会影响与他 人的互动。主句的谓语动词
“show”
表明此处用一般现在时,动名词短语
usin g phones in public
作主语,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,
故填
affects


passage3
【答案】
1. who 2. served 3. a 4. written 5. death
6. to go 7. greater
【解析】
8. have been translated 9. after 10. what
1 .
考查非限定性定语从句。句意:查良镛,笔名金庸,中国武侠小说家、散文家。
1959年,他与人共同创办了
香港日报《明报》,并担任首任主编。此处为非限定性定语从句,先行词为< br>Louis Cha
,指人,关系词在从句中
作主语,故填
who


2.
考查时态。句意参考上题解析,根据时间状语
“in 1959”
可知,此处使用一般过去时,故填
served


3.
考查冠词。句意:他的武侠小说在世界各地的华人社区有着广泛的追随者。
following
作名词时是可数名词,
此处用不定冠词表泛指,故填
a


4.考查非谓语动词。句意:他从1955年到1972年创作的15部武侠作品使他被誉为有史以来最伟大、最 受欢

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