中考英语复习语法考点精讲+真题精炼：选词填空
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一、选词填空题的命题特点
选词填空相当于完形填空的
一种变形，即将一篇短文中
的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每个空格处填上一个词，使短
文意思完
整。该题型是对考生综合能力的考查，包括阅读理
解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力
等。
通过观察近几年的中考题可以发现，选词填空的文章以记叙
文和议论文为主，一般设10至
12个空，每空一词。所填单
词也以实词为主，兼顾虚词。其考点如下：
1. 考查词性
、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，
集中考查动词的时态及语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高<
br>级、名词的单复数等知识点。这就要求考生首先要理解短文
的主旨大意，弄清语法、句子的结构等
问题。
2. 考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们平时要注重固
定搭配的积累，比如习惯
用语中的介词、固定句式中的连词
等。
3. 考查关联词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句
，体现
了句子之间的关系。它们在句中虽不是主要成分，但起着衔
接和连贯的作
用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文的
理解。
4. 考查推断能力。该考点侧重考
查考生对整篇文章的
把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，做出正确的
判断。
二、选词填空题的解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
在做题时，要跳过空格处，快速阅读全文，注意找出关
键词，从整体上把握全文大意。要注重对短文首句
的理解，
善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文章主
题。
通过
上下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固
定搭配，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格处所缺的信息，
根据
需要从备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
2. 精心解题，确定语意，边读边做。
认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空
格处在句中的位置，判断其在句中充
当的成分，从而确定所
填词的词性；然后依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的
正确形式。做题时，要先易后难，首先选出那些根据上下文
能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见
的语法结构等。
对于一时把握不准的空格，可以暂时放一放，把容易做的先
做好。把所有能够确
定的空格填完后，再通读全文，利用排
除法等来确定把握不准的空格。答题过程中不要把注意力只
集中在空格处，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，适合单句的
选择未必适合全文。所以，要注意单句与中
心思想的关系，
围绕中心思想确定答案。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
细读一遍完成的短文，从上下文内容是否协调一致、语
法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证
，凡有疑问必须重新推
敲考虑。
例如：(2016·山东临沂中考选词填空)
根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语
意通顺完整。每个选项只能用一次，有两项
剩余。
A. what B. returned C. preparations D.
before E.
got off F. himself G. attend H. if
I. Recently
J. during K. got up L.
national
How does David Cameron，the British
prime minister，
spend his day? What does he do
every day? 1 ，some
reporters had a chance to
spend a whole day with him
and made a short
video about a day in his life.
Mr. Cameron
2 at 6 a. m. He opened the fridge
and made
breakfast. He likes fish，tomato and lemon and
made a simple sandwich of it for 3 .
At 7 a. m. ，all was quiet in the kitchen as Mr.
Cameron sat by a table and read his diary for
the day.
He read notes and thought about 4
to discuss with
his team members.
After
a quick shower and a change of clothes，it
was
time to start the working day with the cabinet
(内
阁) meeting. He first discussed with members
from the
Conservative Party (保守党) before going
to a bigger
cabinet meeting. There were a lot
of decisions to make
5 the meetings.
At eleven o’clock，Mr. Cameron
answered questions
from newspapers and radio
stations. He also recorded
some radio messages
and television speeches for 6
holidays，such
as Christmas Day and New Year’s Day.
In the
afternoon，Mr. Cameron prepared for the Prime
Minister’s Questions for the next day. It
takes him
about half an hour to answer
questions from more than
600 Members of
Parliament (国会议员) every Wednesday.
Before the
question time，about ten people help him make
7 .
Each week，Mr. Cameron has to 8 a
private
meeting with The Queen. So at six in
the afternoon，
he left Downing Street (唐宁街) and
went to Buckingham
Palace (白金汉宫). He 9 from
Buckingham Palace at
seven.
A day of
hard work ended around eight o’clock. Mr.
Cameron read books and watched television in
his
bedroom 10 he went to sleep at about
eleven o’
clock.
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国首相卡
梅伦每天的生活。
1. I
此处位于句首，考虑副词，结合选项，只有I项符合。
故选I。
2. K
此处为谓语，结合句意“早上六点卡梅伦先
生 ”可知是起床。故选K。
3. F
由句意“他喜欢鱼、西红柿和柠檬，并且为 做
了一个简单的三明治”可知是为他自己。故选F。
4. A 由句意“他读笔记并考虑和他的小组成员讨
论 ”可知是讨论什么。故选A。
5. J 句意：在会议期间有许多决定要做。故选J。
6. L
此处修饰holidays，应填形容词。national是形容
词，意为“国家的”。故选L。
7. C 此处为名词，结合句意“在问题时间之前，大约十个
人帮他做
”可知是做准备。故选C。
8. G 由has
to可知此处为动词原形，结合句意“每周，
卡梅伦先生必须
一个与女王的私人约会”可知是参
加约会。故选G。
9. B
此处为谓语动词，由句意“他七点从白金汉
宫 ”可推知是返回。故选B。
10. D
此处为连词，引导时间状语从句，故选D。
Test 1
A(2015·山东临沂)
根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语
意通顺完整。每个选项只能用一次，有两项剩余。
A. everyone B. how
long C. weak D. higher
E. instead of F.
However G. speed H. left
I. until J. lower K.
enjoyed L. how far
Isaac Newton was born in
Woolsthorpe，England，
on December 25，1642. He
was born early and he was very
1 . No one
believed he could continue to live. But he
surprised 2 . He had one of the most powerful
minds
in history. And he lived 3 he was 84.
Newton’s father died before he was born. His
mother
married again a few years later.
She 4 Newton with
his grandmother.
The
boy was not a good student. Yet he was
curious(好奇的) and liked to make things，such as
kites，
clocks and simple machines. Newton also
5 finding
new ways to answer questions or
solve problems. As a
boy，for example，he wanted
to find a way to measure(测
量) the 6 of the
wind. On a windy day，he measured
how far he
could jump with the wind at his back. Then
he
measured 7 he could jump with the wind in his
face. From the difference between the two
jumps，he made
his own measure of the power of
the wind.
Strangely，Newton became a much
better student
after a boy kicked him in the
stomach. The boy was one
of the best students
in the school. Newton decided to
get even(报复)
by getting 8 marks than the boy who
kicked
him. In a short time，Newton became the top
student at the school.
Newton
left school to help on the family farm.
9
，the boy was not a good farmer. He spent his time
solving math problems，instead of taking care
of the
farm. He spent hours visiting a
bookstore in town，
10 selling his vegetables
in the market. An uncle
believed that Newton
would do better as a student than
as a farmer.
So he sponsored(资助) the young man into
Cambridge University to study math.
短文大意：
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了物理学家牛顿的
生平事迹。他出生在英国，遭遇了很多不幸，天生体质很
差，
但是奇迹般地长寿，并且做出了伟大的贡献。故事告诉我们，
他的成功主要是因为他勤于做
事，善于动脑。正是他的不断
努力，他终于获得支持，最终走向成功。
1. C
句意：他是早产儿，而且很
。根据空前的was是
系动词可知要用形容词构成系表结构，又根据下句No one
believed he could continue to live.
(没有人相信他能
活下来。)可知他出生时身体是虚弱的，故选C。
2. A
句意：但是他让 感到惊讶。承接上文“没有人
相信他能活下来”及后句He had
one of the most powerful
minds in history.
(他有历史上最强的大脑之一。)可知是
他让大家感到惊讶，故选A。
3. I
句意：他活 他84岁。此句虽短，但是个复合句，
所以需要连词。根据前面的“他让
大家惊讶(即身体虚弱却
能活下来)”推知这里是：他一直活到84岁，即用连词
until(
直到……为止)，故选I。
4. H
句意：她把牛顿 他奶奶。根据上句“他的妈
妈几
年后又结婚了”以及这个句子缺谓语动词可知是妈妈“留下”
他，应用leave的过去式
left，是妈妈把牛顿留给了他奶奶，
故选H。
5. K
句意：牛顿也
寻找回答或解决问题的新方法。
承接上文的“牛顿喜欢制作东西”，这里构成了：也“喜欢”
寻找新方法。根据空后的finding可知是enjoy finding“喜
欢寻找”，故选K。
6. G
句意：例如，作为一个男孩，他想要找到测量风的
的方法。根据空前的冠词the和空 后的介词of可知要填名
词，又根据下文的“顺风跳和逆风跳”可知目的就是测量风
的“速度” ，故选G。
7. L
句意：然后，他测量逆风他能跳 。该句和上句
On a windy day，he measured how far he could jump with
the wind at his back. 是并列关系，所以这里还是测量能
跳“多远”，即还是how far，故选L。
8. D
句意：牛顿决定通过取得比那个踢他的男孩 成绩
来报复。由空后的marks是名词可 知需要形容词来修饰，又
根据后面的than可知需要比较级，选项D、J两项是比较级，
由语 境可知是“取得更高的成绩”，用higher而不是lower，
故选D。
9. F
句意： ，这个男孩不是个好农民。该空位于句首，
可见是单独的句首状语，需要副词形式。前句句意：牛顿毕
业去家庭农场帮忙。该句和前句在意思上是
转折关系，所以
要用副词however“然而”，故选F。
10. E
句意：他花时间参观镇上的书店， 在市场卖菜。
该句和上句都是罗列这个不好的农民的
表现。上句句意：他
的时间不是用来照看农场，而是解决数学题。所以该句是：
他的时间不是用
来卖菜，而是用来参观书店，正好用介词短
语instead
of与空后的selling搭配，故选E。
B(2016·山西)
根据语篇内容，用方框
中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通
顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。
I make
teach after large control try leaf
small quiet
before without
As a child，I got angry quite
easily and was not
good at communicating with
others.
I still remember it was an
early autumn. Some 1
started to turn yellow
and the weather became cool. One
day，as I was
getting ready for school，my mother
carelessly
handed me my father’s vest(背心) instead
of 2 .
At that time，I was getting to have a 3
size
than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt
as if I wasn’t able to breathe! I realized
that it was
a small mistake which 4 by my
mother，but somehow
the breathless feeling was
so strong that it made me
very angry. My
mother said sorry with a smile，but I
shouted
at her 5 thinking much. I got it off my body
so wildly that I made a hole in it. I put on
my own vest
and rushed out of the house 6 my
mother could stop
me.
Later，my mother
shared her bad feelings with my
father，“See
what your son has done. ” Instead of saying
he
would scold(责备) or beat me，my father 7 asked
my mother to mend the vest.
Later when my mother told me about my father’s
response，I felt ashamed (惭愧的) of my bad
behavior.
My father’s gentle kindness 8 me a
lesson which I
would never forget.
On
that day，I decided not to let anger 9 me any
longer. Of course，there are times when I am
angry.
However，whenever that happens，I 10 to
remember my
father’s vest. It always reminds
me to think about
others’ feelings when I get
angry.
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者小时候很容
易动怒，后来在经
历了“背心”风波后，爸爸的行为让他感
到惭愧，他决定不再轻易生气了。
1.
leaves
由上文中的an early autumn及常识可知，初秋“叶子”
开始
变黄，some意为“一些”，其后若接可数名词，应用名
词的复数形式，故填leaves。
2. mine
由下文中的I put on my own vest and
rushed out of the
house可知，此处应指“我的背心”，空后
没有名词，应使用
名词性物主代词。结合选项可知，应用I的名词性物主代词
mine。
3. larger
由than可知，此处应使用比较级；由下文中的I felt as
if I wasn’t able to breathe (我感觉仿佛我要窒息了)
可
知，“我”比爸爸的块头更大。故填larger。
4. was made
由mistake 可知，空格处应填make的相应形式，make a
mistake“犯错误”，由by my
mother及上文的时态可知，
应使用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was made。
5. without
由句意“妈妈笑着向我道歉，但是我
多想就朝她
吼。”及空后的thinking可知，此处应填介词without。
6.
before
由空格前后为两个句子可知，此处应使用连词，“我穿上
自己的背心就冲出了
房子”应发生在“妈妈阻止我”之前，
故填before。
7.
quietly
由asked及下文中的My father’s gentle
kindness (我
爸爸的和善)
可知，空格处应使用quiet的副词形式
quietly。
8. taught
teach sb. a lesson
“给某人一个教训”，为固定短语。
根据语篇时态可知，应使用一般过去时态。故填taught。
9. control
由下文It always reminds me to
think about others’
feelings when I get angry.
(当我生气时它总是提醒我要
考虑一下别人的感受。)
可知，此处指“我”决定不再让愤
怒“控制”自己，结合let sb. do sth.
及选项可知，应填
control。
10. will try
主语之后缺少谓语动词，根据空格后宾语to remember可
知，空格处应为跟动词不定
式作宾语的动词，结合选项可知，
应用try的适当形式；根据whenever that
happens可知，
主句应使用一般将来时态。故填will try。
Test 2
A(2016·吉林)
从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。(方框中有两个选项是
多余的)
A. food
B. save C. important D. under E. lying F.
anything G. it H. fire I. because of J. back
K.
waste L. refused
Some years ago，a big
fire burned down a large part
of a city. Lots
of houses were broken. A rich lady was
hurrying through the crowd of people，trying to
1
a box of valuable things from the fire.
After running
out of the 2 ，she met a little
boy in the street.
She called him and
said，“Take this box，my boy，and
do not part
with 3 until I see you again. I will
reward
(回报)you well. ”
The boy took the box，and
the lady turned 4 to
search for something
else. Just then many people came
rushing
between the lady and the boy，and they
couldn’
t see each other.
That
night，the lady lived in a friend’s home
outside the city. The next day she looked for
the boy
everywhere，but she couldn’t hear 5
of him. There
were some very 6 letters and
all her treasures in
the box. The lady was
very upset 7 losing them.
But on the
following night，someone found the boy
8 on
the ground with the box at a corner. He had been
there for a long time without 9 . The boy was
almost
dead with hunger，but he never thought
of leaving the
box.
Of course the lady
was going to give the boy some
money，but he 10
. The lady trusted him，and he wouldn’
t let her
down. It is the spirit that turns the boy into
a hero.
短文大意：几年前的一场大火烧毁了一个城市的大部分。一
位有钱
的女士从火中抢救出一箱子贵重物品，交给街上一个
小男孩保管，承诺要给他回报。女士对他信任，他也
没有让
那位女士失望。他几乎饿死也从没有考虑过要遗弃那个箱
子，事后也不接
受回报。正是这种精神，使这个男孩变成了
英雄人物。
1. B
try to
do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，to后接动词原形。
由后面的宾语a box of
valuable things和所给选项可知，
此处用动词save，save a box of
valuable things from the
fire表示“把一箱子贵重物品从火中抢救出来”。故选B。
2. H
由上句中的trying to 1 a box of valuable things
from the fire (尽力从火中 一箱子贵重物品)
可
知，女士是从火里跑了出来。
3. G
it代替上文的this
box。由后句I will reward you well.
(我将好好报答你。)
可知，此句应意为“拿着这个箱子，
我的孩子，直到我再见到你，你才要与它分开”。
4.
J
由to search for something else (寻找别的东西)
可
知，这位女士回到大火中。turn back意为“往回走”。
5. F
空格处作动词hear的宾语，因此要用名词或代词，分析
所给的选项可知，anything
符合逻辑。句意：第二天，她到
处找这个男孩，但是没有听说 (关于) 他的任何事情。
6. C
修饰名词letters，要用形容词，分析所给的选项可知，
impo
rtant符合逻辑。句意：在箱子里有一些非常重要的信
和她所有的金银财宝。
7. I
句中的them指代上文的letters and all her treasures，
“这位女士非常难过”是因为“失去信和她所有的金银财
宝”，因此填because of。
8. E
此句符合“find+宾语+现在分词 (作宾语补足语)”结构，
故填
lying。句意：但在接下来的晚上，有人发现这个男孩
带着箱子躺在一个拐角的地上。
9. A
由下文The boy was almost dead
with hunger (这个男
孩几乎饿死)
可知，他已经在那里很长一段时间了并且没有
吃东西。without后面接名词food。
10. L
but表示转折关系，由前半句“当然这位女士打算给这个
男孩一些钱
”可知，后半句应意为“但是他拒绝了”。
B(2015·山西)
根据语篇内容，用方框中
所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通
顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。
so we who
teach bright different he eye
show heart
complete understand
Few people today educate
the children about the
value of
empathy(同情；同感). Most people feel so hard
1
their love and care towards others and to actually
understand what they are going through.
When I was a child，I 2 to go out of my way to
make someone else happy. My mom would tell me
to say
at least one kind word to someone else
every day. I admit
that it wasn’t very
easy to do. But as soon as you see
the look of
thanks in that person’s 3 ，you just
want to
do as much as you can.
I had an experience
with a young man 4 people
were always making
fun of. Every time I saw that
happening，I knew
in my heart that it was wrong. I
decided I
would try to be his friend. I started walking
with him and introducing him to people around
5 .
I was making him happy by just doing that.
And I loved
the fact that I was really making
a 6 in his life.
After a while，I
realized that he wasn’t the kind
of person
everybody thought he was. We are still really
good friends today. People have almost 7
stopped
making fun of him. But he is still
what he was. What
had changed was the
attitudes of others towards him.
From this
experience I 8 that I should be more
loving
towards other people already. What I did for my
friend was so easy，and at the same time I had
a lot
of fun， 9 I hope that everyone
could say a kind word
to someone else at least
once a day. I can promise it
will be the best
feeling you can ever get.
One kind word
could make someone’s day 10 . Why
not do it
from now on?
短文大意：作者通过自己的努力和一个大家都取笑的人成为
了朋
友，改变了众人的态度，这使我们明白了一个道理：一
句善良的话能使别人的一天更加美好。让我们从现
在开始，
每天至少跟其他人说一句善意的话。
1. to show
由句中and
to actually understand what they are going
through可推测空格处也应填动词不定式to do sth. ；feel
hard
to do sth. 意为“觉得做某事难”；show their love
and care
towards others意为“向他人表现他们的爱和关
心”。句意：大多数人感到很难向他人表
现他们的爱和关心，
很难真正了解他们正在经历的事。
2. was taught
根据后句My mom would tell me to say at least one
kind
word to someone else every day. (妈
妈会告诉我每天至
少向别人说一句善意的话。)可推测“我小时候被教导想办
法使别人高兴”，
故用被动语态。teach的过去分词为taught，
由When I was a
child可判断应用一般过去时的被动语态，
故填was taught。
3. eyes
分析所提供的选项可知句中the look of thanks
在此处
意为“感激的目光”，故空格处填eye的复数形式eyes。
4. whowhom
分析句子结构可知空格后people were always making fun
of作 a young man的定语从句，先行词a young
man指人，
且在从句中作make fun of的宾语，故填关系代词whowhom。
5. us
句意：我开始和他一起散步并把他介绍给我们周围的人。
around为
介词，故用we的宾格形式us。
6. difference
make a diffe
rence意为“有作用；造成影响”，备选项
中different为形容词，其名词形式为diff
erence。句意：
我喜欢我的确在使他的生活变得不同这个事实。
7.
completely
分析句子结构可知，修饰动词stopped用complete的副
词形式completely。句意：人们几乎完全停止取笑他。
8. have
understood
由句中already可判断句子为现在完成时态，结合备选项
可知用
understand的过去分词。句意：从这次经历中我已
经明白我应该更加关爱他人。
9. so
分析句子结构及句意可知，What I did for my friend
was
so easy，and at the same time I had a lot
of fun(我
为朋友所做的事那么容易，而我同时也得到了许多快乐)与I
hope
that everyone could say a kind word to someone
else
at least once a
day(我希望大家每天至少向别人说一句善
意的话)构成因果关系，故用so。
10.
brighter
“make sb. sth. +形容词”意为“使某人某物……”，
注
意此处隐含比较，结合备选项可知用bright的比较级
brighter。句意：一
句善意的话能使别人的一天更加明朗。