形象思维-商贸公司管理制度

选词填空


一、选词填空题的命题特点
选词填 空相当于完形填空的一种变形，即将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每
个空格处填上一个词，使 短文意思完整。该题型是对考生综合能力的考查，包括阅读理解能
力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语 言表达能力等。通过观察近几年的中考题可以发现，
选词填空的文章以记叙文和议论文为主，一般设10 至12个空，每空一词。所填单词也以实
词为主，兼顾虚词。其考点如下：
1. 考查词 性、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，集中考查动词的时态及语态、
形容词和副词的比较级和最高 级、名词的单复数等知识点。这就要求考生首先要理解短文的
主旨大意，弄清语法、句子的结构等问题。
2. 考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们平时要注重固定搭配的积累，比如习惯用语中
的 介词、固定句式中的连词等。
3. 考查关联词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句，体现了句子之间 的关系。它们在句中
虽不是主要成分，但起着衔接和连贯的作用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文 的理解。
4. 考查推断能力。该考点侧重考查考生对整篇文章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进
行适当的推断，做出正确的判断。
二、选词填空题的解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
在做题时，要跳过空格处，快速阅读全文，注意找出关键词，从 整体上把握全文大意。
要注重对短文首句的理解，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文 章主题。
通过上下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配，凭借语感积极主动地猜
测空格处所缺的信息，根据需要从备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
2. 精心解题，确定语意，边读边做。
认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空格处在句 中的位置，判断其在句
中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性；然后依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填 词的正确
形式。做题时，要先易后难，首先选出那些根据上下文能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见的语法结构等。对于一时把握不准的空格，可以暂时放一放，把容易做的先做好。把
所有能够 确定的空格填完后，再通读全文，利用排除法等来确定把握不准的空格。答题过程
中不要把注意力只集中 在空格处，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，适合单句的选择未必适合
全文。所以，要注意单句与中心思想 的关系，围绕中心思想确定答案。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
细读一 遍完成的短文，从上下文内容是否协调一致、语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合
验证，凡有疑问必须重新 推敲考虑。
例如：(2016·山东临沂中考选词填空)
根据短文内容，从方框中选 出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能用一
次，有两项剩余。
A. what B. returned C. preparations D. before E. got off F. himself G. attend
H. if I. Recently
J. during K. got up L. national

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How does David Cameron，the British prime minister，spend his day? What does
he do every day? 1 ，some reporters had a chance to spend a whole day with him
and made a short video about a day in his life.
Mr. Cameron 2 at 6 a. m. He opened the fridge and made breakfast. He likes
fish，tomato and lemon and made a simple sandwich of it for 3 .
At 7 a. m. ，all was quiet in the kitchen as Mr. Cameron sat by a table and read
his diary for the day. He read notes and thought about 4 to discuss with his
team members.
After a quick shower and a change of clothes，it was time to start the working
day with the cabinet (内阁) meeting. He first discussed with members from the
Conservative Party (保守党) before going to a bigger cabinet meeting. There were
a lot of decisions to make 5 the meetings.
At eleven o’clock，Mr. Cameron answered questions from newspapers and radio
stations. He also recorded some radio messages and television speeches for 6
holidays，such as Christmas Day and New Year’s Day.
In the afternoon，Mr. Cameron prepared for the Prime Minister’s Questions for
the next day. It takes him about half an hour to answer questions from more than
600 Members of Parliament (国会议员) every Wednesday. Before the question time，
about ten people help him make 7 .
Each week，Mr. Cameron has to 8 a private meeting with The Queen. So at six
in the afternoon，he left Downing Street (唐宁街) and went to Buckingham Palace (白
金汉宫). He 9 from Buckingham Palace at seven.
A day of hard work ended around eight o’clock. Mr. Cameron read books and watched
television in his bedroom 10 he went to sleep at about eleven o’clock.
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国首相卡梅伦每天的生活。
1. I 此处位于句首，考虑副词，结合选项，只有I项符合。故选I。
2. K 此处为谓语，结合句意“早上六点卡梅伦先生 ”可知是起床。故选K。
3. F 由句意“他喜欢鱼、西红柿和柠檬，并且为 做了一个简单的三明治”可知是
为他自己。故选F。
4. A 由句意“他读笔记并考虑和他的小组成员讨论 ”可知是讨论什么。故选A。
5. J 句意：在会议期间有许多决定要做。故选J。
6. L 此处修饰holidays，应填形容词。national是形容词，意为“国家的”。故选L。
7. C 此处为名词，结合句意“在问题时间之前，大约十个人帮他做 ”可知是做准
备。故选C。
8. G 由has to可知此处为动词原形，结合句意“每周，卡梅伦先生必须 一个与
女王的私人约会”可知是参加约会。故选G。
9. B 此处为谓语动词，由句意“他七点从白金汉宫 ”可推知是返回。故选B。
10. D 此处为连词，引导时间状语从句，故选D。

Test 1
A(2015·山东临沂)
根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺 完整。每个选项只能用一
次，有两项剩余。

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A. everyone B. how long C. weak D. higher
E. instead of F. However G. speed H. left
I. until J. lower K. enjoyed L. how far
Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe，England，on December 25，1642. He was born
early and he was very 1 . No one believed he could continue to live. But he
surprised 2 . He had one of the most powerful minds in history. And he lived 3
he was 84.
Newton’s father died before he was born. His mother married again a few years
later. She 4 Newton with his grandmother.
The boy was not a good student. Yet he was curious(好奇的) and liked to make
things，such as kites，clocks and simple machines. Newton also 5 finding new
ways to answer questions or solve problems. As a boy，for example，he wanted to find
a way to measure(测量) the 6 of the wind. On a windy day，he measured how far
he could jump with the wind at his back. Then he measured 7 he could jump with
the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps，he made his own
measure of the power of the wind.
Strangely，Newton became a much better student after a boy kicked him in the
stomach. The boy was one of the best students in the school. Newton decided to get
even(报复) by getting 8 marks than the boy who kicked him. In a short time，
Newton became the top student at the school.
Newton left school to help on the family farm. 9 ，the boy was not a good
farmer. He spent his time solving math problems，instead of taking care of the farm.
He spent hours visiting a bookstore in town， 10 selling his vegetables in the
market. An uncle believed that Newton would do better as a student than as a farmer.
So he sponsored(资助) the young man into Cambridge University to study math.
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了物理学家牛顿的生平事迹。他出生在英国，遭 遇
了很多不幸，天生体质很差，但是奇迹般地长寿，并且做出了伟大的贡献。故事告诉我们，
他 的成功主要是因为他勤于做事，善于动脑。正是他的不断努力，他终于获得支持，最终走
向成功。
1. C
句意：他是早产儿，而且很 。根据空前的was是系动词可知要用形容词构成系
表结构，又根据下句No one believed he could continue to live. (没有人相信他能活
下来。)可知他出生时身体是虚弱的，故选C。
2. A
句意：但是他让 感到惊讶。承接上文“没有人相信他能活下来”及后句He had
one of the most powerful minds in history. (他有历史上最强的大脑之一。)可知是他
让大家感到惊讶，故选A。
3. I
句意：他活 他84岁。此句虽短，但是个复合句，所以需要连词。根据前面的
“他让 大家惊讶(即身体虚弱却能活下来)”推知这里是：他一直活到84岁，即用连词
until(直到„„ 为止)，故选I。
4. H
句意：她把牛顿 他奶奶。根据上句“他的妈妈几年后 又结婚了”以及这个句子
缺谓语动词可知是妈妈“留下”他，应用leave的过去式left，是妈妈 把牛顿留给了他奶

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奶，故选H。
5. K
句意：牛顿也 寻找回答或解决问题的新方法。承接上文的“牛顿喜欢制作东
西”，这 里构成了：也“喜欢”寻找新方法。根据空后的finding可知是enjoy finding“喜
欢寻找”，故选K。
6. G
句意：例如，作为一个男孩，他想要找到测量风的 的方法。根据空前的冠词
the和空 后的介词of可知要填名词，又根据下文的“顺风跳和逆风跳”可知目的就是测量
风的“速度”，故选G 。
7. L
句意：然后，他测量逆风他能跳 。该句和上句On a windy day，he measured
how far he could jump with the wind at his back. 是并列关系，所以这里还是测量能
跳“多远”，即还是how far，故选L。
8. D
句意：牛顿决定通过取得比那个踢他的男孩 成绩来报 复。由空后的marks是名
词可知需要形容词来修饰，又根据后面的than可知需要比较级，选项D 、J两项是比较级，
由语境可知是“取得更高的成绩”，用higher而不是lower，故选D。
9. F
句意： ，这个男孩不是个好农民。该空位于句首，可见是单独的句首状语 ，需
要副词形式。前句句意：牛顿毕业去家庭农场帮忙。该句和前句在意思上是转折关系，所以
要用副词however“然而”，故选F。
10. E
句意：他花时间参观镇上的书店， 在市场卖菜。该句和上句都是罗列这个不好
的农民的 表现。上句句意：他的时间不是用来照看农场，而是解决数学题。所以该句是：他
的时间不是用来卖菜， 而是用来参观书店，正好用介词短语instead of与空后的selling
搭配，故选E。
B(2016·山西)
根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 方框中有两个词为多
余项。
I make teach after large control try leaf small quiet before without
As a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.
I still remember it was an early autumn. Some 1 started to turn yellow and
the weather became cool. One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother
carelessly handed me my father’s vest(背心) instead of 2 . At that time，I was
getting to have a 3 size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as
if I wasn’t able to breathe! I realized that it was a small mistake which 4 by
my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very
angry. My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her 5 thinking much.
I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it. I put on my own vest and
rushed out of the house 6 my mother could stop me.
Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，“See what your son has
done. ” Instead of saying he would scold(责备) or beat me，my father 7 asked
my mother to mend the vest.
Later when my mother told me about my father’s response，I felt ashamed (惭

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愧的) of my bad behavior. My father’s gentle kindness 8 me a lesson which I would
never forget.
On that day，I decided not to let anger 9 me any longer. Of course，there
are times when I am angry. However，whenever that happens，I 10 to remember my
father’s vest. It always reminds me to think about others’ feelings when I get
angry.
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者小时候很容易动怒，后来在经 历了“背心”
风波后，爸爸的行为让他感到惭愧，他决定不再轻易生气了。
1. leaves
由上文中的an early autumn及常识可知，初秋“叶子”开始变黄，s ome意为“一些”，
其后若接可数名词，应用名词的复数形式，故填leaves。
2. mine
由下文中的I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house可知，此处应指“我
的背心”，空后没有名词，应使用名词性物主代词。结合 选项可知，应用I的名词性物主代
词mine。
3. larger
由than可知，此处应使用比较级；由下文中的I felt as if I wasn’t able to breathe
(我感觉仿佛我要窒息了) 可知，“我”比爸爸的块头更大。故填larger。
4. was made
由mistake 可知，空格处应填make的相应形式，make a mistake“犯错误”，由by my
mother及上文的时态可知，应使用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was made。
5. without
由句意“妈妈笑着向我道歉，但是我 多想就朝她吼。”及空后的thinking可知，
此处应填介词without。
6. before
由空格前后为两个句子可知，此处应使用连词，“我穿上自己的背心就冲出了房子”应
发生在“妈妈阻止我”之前，故填before。
7. quietly
由asked及下文中的My father’s gentle kindness (我爸爸的和善) 可知，空格处
应使用quiet的副词形式quietly。
8. taught
teach sb. a lesson “给某人一个教训”，为固定短语。根据语篇时态可知，应使用一
般过去时态。故填taught。
9. control
由下文It always reminds me to think about others’ feelings when I get angry.
(当我生气时它总是提醒我要考虑一下别人的感受。) 可知，此处指“我”决定不再让愤怒
“控制”自己，结合let sb. do sth. 及选项可知，应填control。
10. will try
主语之后缺少谓语动词，根据空格后宾语to remember可知，空格处应为跟动词不定式
作宾语的动词，结合选项可知，应用try的适当形式；根据whenever that happens可知，
主句应使用一般将来时态。故填will try。
Test 2
A(2016·吉林)
从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。(方框中有两个选项是多余的)

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A. food B. save C. important D. under E. lying F. anything G. it H. fire
I. because of J. back K. waste L. refused
Some years ago，a big fire burned down a large part of a city. Lots of houses
were broken. A rich lady was hurrying through the crowd of people，trying to 1
a box of valuable things from the fire. After running out of the 2 ，she met a
little boy in the street. She called him and said，“Take this box，my boy，and do
not part with 3 until I see you again. I will reward (回报)you well. ”
The boy took the box，and the lady turned 4 to search for something else.
Just then many people came rushing between the lady and the boy，and they couldn’t
see each other.
That night，the lady lived in a friend’s home outside the city. The next day
she looked for the boy everywhere，but she couldn’t hear 5 of him. There were
some very 6 letters and all her treasures in the box. The lady was very upset
7 losing them.
But on the following night，someone found the boy 8 on the ground with the
box at a corner. He had been there for a long time without 9 . The boy was almost
dead with hunger，but he never thought of leaving the box.
Of course the lady was going to give the boy some money，but he 10 . The lady
trusted him，and he wouldn’t let her down. It is the spirit that turns the boy into
a hero.
短文大意：几年前的一场大火烧毁了一个城市的大部分。一位有钱的女士从火中抢救出一箱
子贵 重物品，交给街上一个小男孩保管，承诺要给他回报。女士对他信任，他也没有让那位
女士失望。他几乎 饿死也从没有考虑过要遗弃那个箱子，事后也不接受回报。正是这种精神，
使这个男孩变成了英雄人物。
1. B
try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，to后接动词原形。由后面的宾语a box of valuable
things和所给选项可知，此处用动词save，save a box of valuable things from the fire
表示“把一箱子贵重物品从火中抢救出来”。故选B。
2. H
由上句中的trying to 1 a box of valuable things from the fire (尽力从火中
一箱子贵重物品) 可知，女士是从火里跑了出来。
3. G
it代替上文的this box。由后句I will reward you well. (我将好好报答你。) 可
知，此句应意为“拿着这个箱子，我的孩子，直到我再见到你，你才要与它分开”。
4. J
由to search for something else (寻找别的东西) 可知，这位女士回到大火中。turn
back意为“往回走”。
5. F
空 格处作动词hear的宾语，因此要用名词或代词，分析所给的选项可知，anything符
合逻辑。 句意：第二天，她到处找这个男孩，但是没有听说 (关于) 他的任何事情。
6. C
修饰名词letters，要用形容词，分析所给的选项可知，important符合逻辑。句意：
在 箱子里有一些非常重要的信和她所有的金银财宝。
7. I

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句中的them指代上文的letters and all her treasur es，“这位女士非常难过”是因
为“失去信和她所有的金银财宝”，因此填because of。
8. E
此句符合“find+宾语+现在分词 (作宾语补足语)”结构，故填lyin g。句意：但在接
下来的晚上，有人发现这个男孩带着箱子躺在一个拐角的地上。
9. A
由下文The boy was almost dead with hunger (这个男孩几乎饿死) 可知，他已经在
那里很长一段时间了并且没有吃东西。without后面接名词food。
10. L
but表示转折关系，由前半句“当然这位女士打算给这个男孩一些钱”可知， 后半句应
意为“但是他拒绝了”。
B(2015·山西)
根据语篇内容，用方框中 所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多
余项。
so we who teach bright different he eye
show heart complete understand
Few people today educate the children about the value of empathy(同情；同感).
Most people feel so hard 1 their love and care towards others and to actually
understand what they are going through.
When I was a child，I 2 to go out of my way to make someone else happy. My
mom would tell me to say at least one kind word to someone else every day. I admit
that it wasn’t very easy to do. But as soon as you see the look of thanks in that
person’s 3 ，you just want to do as much as you can.
I had an experience with a young man 4 people were always making fun of. Every
time I saw that happening，I knew in my heart that it was wrong. I decided I would
try to be his friend. I started walking with him and introducing him to people around
5 . I was making him happy by just doing that. And I loved the fact that I was really
making a 6 in his life.
After a while，I realized that he wasn’t the kind of person everybody thought
he was. We are still really good friends today. People have almost 7 stopped
making fun of him. But he is still what he was. What had changed was the attitudes
of others towards him.
From this experience I 8 that I should be more loving towards other people
already. What I did for my friend was so easy，and at the same time I had a lot of
fun， 9 I hope that everyone could say a kind word to someone else at least once
a day. I can promise it will be the best feeling you can ever get.
One kind word could make someone’s day 10 . Why not do it from now on?
短文大意：作者通过自己的努力和一个大家都取笑的人成为了朋友，改变了众人的态 度，这
使我们明白了一个道理：一句善良的话能使别人的一天更加美好。让我们从现在开始，每天
至少跟其他人说一句善意的话。
1. to show
由句中and to actually understand what they are going through可推测空格处也
应填动词不定式to do sth. ；feel hard to do sth. 意为“觉得做某事难”；show their
love and care towards others意为“向他人表现他们的爱和关心”。句意：大多数人感到

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很难向他人表现他们的爱和关心，很难真正了解他们正在经历的事。
2. was taught
根据后句My mom would tell me to say at least one kind word to someone else every
day. (妈妈会告诉我每天至少向别人说一句善意的话。)可推测“我小时候被教导想办法使
别人高兴”，故用 被动语态。teach的过去分词为taught，由When I was a child可判断应
用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was taught。
3. eyes
分析所提供的选项可知句中the look of thanks 在此处意为“感激的目光”，故空格
处填eye的复数形式eyes。
4. whowhom
分析句子结构可知空格后people were always making fun of作 a young man的定语
从句，先行词a young man指人，且在从句中作make fun of的宾语，故填关系代词whowhom。
5. us
句意：我开始和他一起散步并把他 介绍给我们周围的人。around为介词，故用we的宾
格形式us。
6. difference
make a difference意为“有作用；造成影响”，备选项中d ifferent为形容词，其名
词形式为difference。句意：我喜欢我的确在使他的生活变 得不同这个事实。
7. completely
分析句子结构可知，修饰动词stoppe d用complete的副词形式completely。句意：人
们几乎完全停止取笑他。
8. have understood
由句中already可判断句子为现在完成时态， 结合备选项可知用understand的过去分
词。句意：从这次经历中我已经明白我应该更加关爱他 人。
9. so
分析句子结构及句意可知，What I did for my friend was so easy，and at the same
time I had a lot of fun(我为朋友所做的事那么容易，而我同时也得到了许多快乐)与I hope
that everyone could say a kind word to someone else at least once a day(我希望大
家每天至少向别人说一句善意的话)构成因果关系，故用so。
10. brighter
“make sb. sth. +形容词”意为“使某人某物„„”，注意此处隐 含比较，结合备选
项可知用bright的比较级brighter。句意：一句善意的话能使别人的一 天更加明朗。



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