中考英语 短文填空技巧点拨
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短文填空技巧点拨
一、题型概述
短文填空相当于完形填空的一种变形，即将
一篇短文中的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每个空格中填上
一个词，使短文意思完整。该题型是对考生综合
能力的考查，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼
写能力和语言表达能力等。根据近几年的中考题
可发现，短文填空的文章主要以记叙文和议论文为主，一
般设10-12个空，每空一词。所填单词也多
以实词为主，兼顾其它词性。中考短文填空主要有以下五种形
式：1.选词或词组填空；2.根据首字母
填词；3.用所给单词的正确形式填空；4.根据汉语提示填词；5.根
据上下文填词。
二、题型考查点
1. 考查词性、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，集中在考查动词的
时态及语态、形容词和副
词的比较级和最高级、名词的单复数等知识点。因此，这就要求考生首先要理解
短文的主旨大意，弄清语
法、句子的结构等问题。
2. 考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们
平时要注重固定搭配的积累，比如习惯用语中的介词、固定
句法中的连词等。
3. 考查关联
词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句，反映了句子之间的关系。它们在句中虽不是主要成
分，但起着衔接和
连贯的作用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文的理解。
4. 考查推断能力。该考点侧重考查考
生对整个篇章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，
做出正确的判断。
三、解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
在做题时，要跳过空缺处，
快速阅读全文，注意找出关键词，从整体上把握全文大意。要注重对短文
首句的理解，善于以首句的时态
、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文章主题。
如果是选词填空题型，先
浏览所给单词或短语，弄清楚所给单词的词性、意思。
2.
精心解题，确定语义，边读边做。
认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空格在句中的位
置，判断其在句中充当的成分，
从而确定所填词的词性；然后再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词
的正确形式。做题时，要先易后
难，首先选出那些根据上下文能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见
的语法结构等。对于一时把握不
准的空格，可以暂时先放一放，把容易做的先做好。把所有能够确定的空
格填完后，再通读全文，利用排
除法等来确定把握不准的空格。答题过程中不要把注意力只集中在空白处
，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，
适合单句的选择未必适合全文。所以，要注意单句与中心思想的关系，
围绕中心思想确定答案。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
细读一遍完成的短文，从
上下文内容是否协调一致、语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑
问必须重新推敲考虑。检查时
，可以注意下面几点：若空格内填的是动词，要注意考虑其时态和语态；若
填的是名词，要考虑其单复数
形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑比较等级、形容词和副词之间的转
换等；若填的是代词，要注意
辨别主格、宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词、反身代词等；有时
需要填介词、连词等，除考虑
上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其它词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。如需填词，
在句首时，还要考虑其首字母
的大写。
短文填空题融合了阅读理解、完形填空等题型的要求，因此，要求考生从多方面着手，加强平
时的积
累，做这类题目才能游刃有余。
短文填空真题解析2014 湖北武汉
先阅读短文，再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。单词的第一个字母已给出。
Maria Vas and her dog walked down the
hall of the nursing home and stopped in front of
the
old lady with a nurse at her side. “Would
she like to 1. s__________ my dog?” Maria asked.
“No, a visit won’t 2. h__________ her,” said
the nurse. Then she 3. e__________ that the
lady was too sick to appreciate visitors.
But Maria decided to try anyway. She had done
research on animal assisting therapy (辅助
疗法)
for 10 years. And she was very successful in this
4. a__________. She’d seen even the
sickest
patients enjoy a visit from a lovely dog.
Maria carried the dog over to the old lady.
Immediately, the woman 5. r__________ out toward
the dog! She was so 6. p__________ that she
began smiling and trying to talk. The nurse stood
aside, 7. w__________ them in amazement. This
woman had never communicated with anyone. It was
like she wasn’t even 8. a__________– until the
dog came to visit.
Around the world sick
adults and 9. c__________ fill lonely hospital
rooms. They may have
an illness or need to be
10. c__________ for. A dog’s friendly eyes and
warm paws (爪子) may
be just what the doctor
ordered to encourage them and help them heal (治愈).
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。在养老院，一位久不开口的老年病人，在看到一只狗狗后，逗狗狗玩
，
开始说话。通过这件事，主要讲述了动物疗法有助于病人康复的主题。
本文是给出首字母的短文填空。
1.
see。问句里的填词，需要联系答句来确定答案。从答句No, a visit
…可知，此处意思是“看看
小狗”，故填see。
2. help。从后面这句…the
lady was too sick to appreciate visitors可知，此处表达的是“
这
位老人病情严重，很多疗法对她都不起效”，故此处填help。
3.
explained。联系上文可知，“护士向Maria
Vas解释为什么任何拜访对老人都没有用”，故此处填
explained。
4.
area。上文讲到“Maria Vas研究动物辅助疗法10年，在这个领域很成功”，常用field,
area表
示“领域”，根据所给首字母，故此处填area。
5.
reached。通过本句后面的感叹号，还有后一句的…she began smiling and
trying to
talk.可
知，狗狗对这位老人是有帮助的。此处表达的是“老人把手伸向狗狗”，reach
out固定搭配，意思是“把
手伸向”，故填reach。
6. pleased。联系下文
可知，此处表达“开心、高兴”之意，happy可能是我们常想到的，但首字母
是p,
故此处填pleased。
7.
watching。此处表达“护士很惊讶地看着这一幕”，这句话中已经有谓语动词stood,
可知此处要
用非谓语动词，表示伴随的情况，故填watching。
8. alive。联
系上文可知，“这位老人从来没有开口跟任何人交流过”，直到看到狗狗，她的状况才有
所改善。此处表
达的意思是“(她的状况使得)她好像不是活着的”，故填alive。
9.
children。和adults对应的是children, 故填children。
10.
cared。联系上文可知，此处表达“这些病人或者是患了某种病，或者是需要关爱”，应该是“被
别
人关爱”，用过去分词表示被动，即cared。
短文填空模拟训练
Passage 1:
阅读下面的短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
A lie is saying
something that you know is not true. Sometimes
people lie because they are
embarrassed (尴尬的)
to tell the 1. __________ (true). Other times,
people lie because they are
trying to
trick (欺骗) someone.
Almost everyone has told a
lie in their life. Just because you have lied, it
does not mean
you are a terrible person.
People have many different 2. __________ (reason)
for lying. Some
people lie to make 3.
__________ (them) look better. Sometimes when some
students get a bad grade
on a test, they might
lie to their 4. __________ (parent) and tell them
that they got an A. A
boy who does not want to
share his candy might lie by 5. __________ (tell)
his friends he has
no more candy.
But have
you thought of the 6. __________ (result) of
telling lies? Lies damage (毁坏) trust.
It is
one of the most 7. __________ (special) things you
can have with other people. When you
trust
someone, you know he or she will not 8. __________
(hurt) you or lie to you. But when a
person
lies to someone who trusts him or her, the trust
is damaged.
If your best friend told you a
lie, how would you feel about him or her? You
might 9. __________
(stop) trusting your
friend. Then it might be hard to be friends.
The worst part about telling a lie is that it
can make you feel bad about yourself. Lying
can hurt you on the inside.
Telling the
truth can be hard. But being 10. __________
(honest) is worth (值得) it, even
if you might
get punished (惩罚) for it. You’ll feel proud that
you were brave enough to tell
the truth.
Passage 2: 阅读下面的短文，根据汉语提示写出所缺英语单词的正确形式。
Night after night, she came to help me sleep,
even long after my childhood years.
I don’t
remember when it first started 1. __________ (使烦恼)
me – my mom’s hands pushing
my hair that way.
But it did annoy me, for they 2. __________ (感觉)
rough (粗糙的) against my
young skin. Finally,
one night, I 3. __________ (大喊) out at her: “Don’t
do that anymore –
your hands are too rough!”
She didn’t say anything, but she never did it
again.
Years later, I 4. __________ (想念) my
mother’s hands and her goodnight kiss on my
forehead
(额头).
I’m not a little girl
anymore. My mom is in her mid-70s, and her rough
hands are still doing
things for 5. __________
(我的) family and me. She’s like a 6. __________
(医生) to us, always
knowing how to calm a young
girl’s stomach. She 7. __________ (烹调) the best
fried chicken
in the world.
Now my own
children are grown up. Then a kiss, ever so
gently, 8. __________ (触碰) my brow
(眉毛). It
was late on Thanksgiving Eve. As I slept in my
bedroom, a familiar hand ran across
my face to
push the hair from my head.
Taking my mom’s
hand, I told her how sorry I was for that night I
shouted at her. But my
mom didn’t know what I
was talking about. She had 9. __________ (忘记) it
long ago.
That night, I fell 10. __________
(睡着的) with a new appreciation (感激) for my gentle
mother
and her caring hands. And the guilt
(内疚) that I had carried around for so long was
nowhere
to be found.
Passage 3:
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整（每空限填一词）。
An
elderly carpenter (木匠) was ready to retire. He
told his boss his plans to leave the
business
and 1. l__________ a more relaxed life with his
wife. He would miss the pay, but he
needed to
retire.
The boss was 2. s__________ to see his
good worker go, and asked if he could 3.
b__________
just one more house as a personal
favor. The carpenter said yes, but it was easy to
see that
his 4. h__________ was not in his
work. He used 5. p__________ skills and cheap
materials (材
料). It was an unfortunate
way to end his career.
“This is your house,”
he said. “It is my 6. g__________ to you.” When
the carpenter 7.
f__________ his work, the
boss came to see the house. After he checked it
out, he handed a key
to the carpenter.
What a shame! If he knew he was building his
own house, the old man would have done it 8.
d__________. So it is with all of us. Think of
your life as a house. Each day you hammer a nail
(钉个钉子), place a board, or set up a wall, you
must try your 9. b__________ to build the house
wisely because it is the 10. o__________ life
you will ever have. Your life tomorrow will result
from the attitude you choose today.
Passage 4:
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思通顺、连贯（每个词限用一次）。
begin,
cross, wait, busy, peaceful, stop, quiet,
sudden, yellow, watch
On an afternoon in
autumn, many people drove home early to avoid the
busy traffic. However,
at the busiest crossing
in the city, they 1. __________, even though the
light was green.
The blind couple was 2.
__________ the road. The bamboo poles (竹竿) were
tapping (轻敲)
at the road. They didn’t know it
was the 3. __________ crossing in the city. And
they didn’t
know that their light was red. At
the end of an old 4. __________ bamboo pole was a
blind man,
and at the end of another pole was
a blind woman. They looked poor.
For a second,
while the blind couple was walking on the road,
the whole busy street was
5. __________. A car
6. __________ stopped short. It was only about
half a meter away from the
couple. Then,
another car stopped. One after another, cars 7.
__________ to stop, but no one
honked their
horn (按喇叭) at the couple.
The couple was
walking 8. __________. They didn’t know the world
was quietly 9. _________
them crossing the
busiest crossing in the city. They didn’t know the
world was 10. __________
for them. And they
didn’t know they had a lot of people to thank.
On that afternoon, the whole world cleared the
way for two people in need.
Passage 5:
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。
There
once was a man who played the piano in a bar. He
was a good piano 1. __________. People
came
out just to hear him play. But one night, a
customer told him he didn’t want to hear him
just play anymore. He 2. __________ him to
sing a song.
“I don’t sing,” the man said. The
customer said to the boss: “I’m 3. __________ of
just
listening to the piano. I want that guy
to sing!”
“Hey buddy!” the boss 4. __________
across the room.
“If you want to get 5.
__________, sing a song! The customers are asking
you to sing!”
So he did. He sang a song. A
piano player who never sang in 6. __________ did
so for the
very first time. What’s more, Nat
King Cole sang the song in a very 7. __________
way. That
was the first time the song, Mona
Lisa, ever sounded like that.
He was so 8.
__________! He could have lived the rest of his
life as a no-name piano player
in a no-name
bar. But because that man made him sing, he went
on to become one of the best-known
9.
__________ in America.
You, too, have 10.
__________ and abilities. You may not feel as if
your talent is great,
but it may be bigger
than you think!
参考答案
短文填空模拟训练
【Passage 1】
1. truth 2. reasons
3. themselves 4. parents 5. telling
6.
results 7. special 8. hurt 9. stop 10.
honest
【Passage 2】
1. annoying to
annoy 2. felt 3. shouted 4. missed
5.
my
10. asleep
【Passage 3】
1.
live lead
6. gift
【Passage 4】
1. stopped
6. suddenly
【Passage 5】
1. player
5. paid
9. singers
6. doctor 7. cooks 8.
touched 9. forgotten
2. sorry 3. build
4. heart 5. poor
7. finished 8.
differently 9. best 10. only
2. crossing
3. busiest 4. yellow 5. quiet
7. began
8. peacefully 9. watching 10. waiting
2.
wantedasked 3. tiredbored 4. shouted
6.
public 7. specialdifferent 8. talented
10. skillstalents