江苏高考英语真题任务型阅读
爱尔兰都柏林商学院-热门行业排名
2013江苏卷
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） <
br>请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
．．
词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Quiet
Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs
of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual,
careful in doing work,
self-disciplined, and
scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to
responsibilities—are typical
characteristics
of the model organizational citizen, the people
who keep things running as they
should. They
follow the rules, help out, and are concerned
about the people they work with. It’s
the
conscientious worker who helps newcomers or
updates people who return after an absence,
who gets to work on time and never abuses sick
leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any
field. In studies of job performance, outstanding
effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-
skilled labor to sales and management, depends on
conscientiousness. It is particularly
important for outstanding performance in jobs at
the lower
levels of an organization: the
secretary whose message taking is perfect, the
delivery truck driver
who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large
American car manufacturer, those who were most
conscientious had the largest volume of sales.
Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲)
against the threat of job loss in today’s
constantly changing market, because employees with
this
quality are among the most valued. For
the sales representatives, their level of
conscientiousness
mattered almost as much as
their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious
people that makes them seem even better than
they actually are. Their reputation for
dependability influences managers’ evaluations of
their
work, giving them higher evaluations
than objective measures of their performance would
predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence
of social skills can lead to problems. Since
conscientious people demand so much of
themselves, they can hold other people to their
own
standards, and so be overly judgmental
when others don’t show the same high levels of
model
behavior. Factory workers in Great
Britain and the United States who were extremely
conscientious, for example, tended to
criticize co-workers even about failures that
seemed
unimportant to those they criticized,
which damaged their relationships.
When
conscientiousness takes the form of living up to
expectations, it can discourage
creativity. In
creative professions like art or advertising,
openness to wild ideas and spontaneity
(自发性)
are scarce and in demand. Success in such
occupations calls for a balance, however;
without enough conscientiousness to follow
through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing
to show for their imaginativeness.
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题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
2012江苏卷
第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Happiness Advantage” Effect
In July 2010
Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was
going through enormous
change as it began a
global expansion into 19 new countries. In this
kind of high-pressure situation,
many leaders
bother their assistants with frequent meetings or
flood their in-boxes with urgent
demands. In
doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level,
which activates the part of the brain
that
processes threats and steals resources from the
prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is
responsible
for effective problem solving.
Burt’s Bees’s
then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different
approach. Each day, he’d send out
an e-mail
praising a team member for work related to global
marketing. He’d interrupt his own
presentations to remind his managers to talk
with their teams about the company’s values. He
asked me to further a three-hour session with
employees on happiness in the course of the
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expansion effort. As one member of
the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s
emphasis on
developing positive leadership
kept his managers actively involved and loyal as
they successfully
transformed the company into
a global one.
That outcome shouldn't surprise
us. Research shows that when people work with a
positive
mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly
every level--- productivity, creativity,
involvement---improves. Yet happiness is
perhaps the most misunderstood driver of
performance.
For one, most people believe that
success comes before happiness. “Once I get a
promotion, I’ll be
happy,” they think. Or,
“Once I hit sales targe, I’ll feel great.” But
because success is a moving
target—as soon as
you hit your target, you raise it again ----- the
happiness that results from
success does not
last long.
In fact, it works the other way
around: People who have a positive mind-set
perform better in
the face of challenge. I
call this the “happiness advantage” –every
business outcome shows
improvement when the
brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my
role as a researcher and
lecturer in 48
countries on the connection between employee
happiness and success. And I’m not
alone: In
an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers
found strong evidence of
cause-and-effect
relationship between life satisfaction and
successful business outcomes.
Another common
misunderstanding is that our genetics, our
environment, or a combination
of the two
determines how happy we are. To be sure, both
factors have an impact. But one’s
general
sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The
habits you form, the way you interact
with
colleagues, how you think about stress---all these
can be managed to increase your happiness
and
your chances of success.
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题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
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2011江苏卷
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
When
Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why
Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know, even
not intentionally, we are generally expected to
apologize so as to improve the situation. But
when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances
are
different. The act of apology is carried
out not merely at the level of the individual but
also at the
level of the institution. It is a
performance in which every expression matters and
every word
becomes part of the public record.
Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be
stupid. So,
readiness to apologize can be seen
as a sign of strong character or as a sign of
weakness. A
successful apology can turn hate
into personal and organizational harmony—while an
apology that
is too little, too late, or too
obviously strategic can bring on individual and
institutional ruin. What,
then, is to be done?
How can leaders decide if and when to apologize
publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether
leaders should apologize publicly has never been
more urgent.
During the last decade or so, the
United States in particular has developed an
apology
culture—apologies of all kinds and for
all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more
frequently than
before. More newspaper writers
have written about the growing importance of
public apologies.
More articles, cartoons,
advice columns, and radio and television programs
have similarly dealt
with the subject of
private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we
apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in
situations likely to be difficult,
embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who
apologize publicly could be an easy target. They
are
expected to appear strong and capable. And
whenever they make public statements of any kind,
their individual and institutional reputations
are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not
apologize often or lightly. For a leader to
express apology, there needs to be a good, strong
reason.
Leaders will publicly apologize if and
when they think the costs of doing so are lower
than the
costs of not doing so.
Why
Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse
to apologize, even when a public apology seems to
be in
order? Their reasons can be individual
or institutional. Because leaders are public
figures, their
apologies are likely to be
personally uncomfortable and even professionally
risky. Leaders may
also be afraid that the
admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the
organization for which
they are responsible.
There can be good reasons for hanging tough in
tough situations, as we shall
see, but it is a
high-risk strategy.
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题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
6 12
2010江苏卷
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
For more
than twenty years scientists have been seeking to
understand the mystery of
the‘‘sixth sense．By
trying out ideas and solving problems one by
one，they are now
getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a
built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a
big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that
swings freely lines
itself with the big earth
magnet to point north and south．When people
discovered that idea about a
thousand years
ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to
navigate (航海)on ocean
voyages, even under
cloudy skies.
Actually the idea of the living
compass came just from observing animals in
nature．
Many birds migrate twice a year
between their summer homes and winter homes．Some
of
them fly for thousands of kilometers and
mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some
birds
can recognize star patterns．But they can
keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can
they
do that?
A common bird that does not
migrate but is great at finding its way home is
the homing
pigeon．Not all pigeons can find
their way home．Those that can are very good at
it，and they have
been widely studied．
One
interesting experiment was to attach little
magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep
you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days,
that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they
can use the sun to tell which way they are
going．But
on cloudy days，the pigeons with
magnets could not find their way．It was as if the
magnets had
blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of
results were done with honeybees．These insects
also seem to have a special sense of
direction．
In spite of the experiments，the
idea of an animal compass seemed pretty
extraordinary．How
would an animal get the
magnetic stuff for a compass？
An answer came
from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying
bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and
marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like
bacteria that all swam together in
one
direction—north．
Further study showed that
each little bacterium had a chain of dense
particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The
bacteria had made themselves into little magnets
that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a
simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have
it.. By using a special instrument called
magnetometer，scientists were able to find
magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In
each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic
stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass
began to seem reasonable．
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The Magnetic Sense — The
Living Compass
Passage outline Supporting
details
The existence of the earth ◇Our earth
is a big magnet and a little freely (71)
magnetic needle
magnet and the invention lines
itself with the earth magnet to point north and
south.
of the navigating compass ◇(72) on
the idea above, the navigating compass was
invented.
The possibility of birds’
built-
in compasses
◇ One piece of evidence is the
(73) of many birds between their
summer
homes and winter homes.
◇ Birds can recognize
star patterns on clear nights and keep on course
(74) under cloudy skies
◇Little
magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76)
their
magnetic sense.
◇The pigeons’
magnetic sense seemed to be affected on
(77)
days.
◇Similar things with the same results
were done with bees.
◇Little rod-like bacteria
were found by chance to swim together in the
direction of (79) .
◇Some animals
had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or
close to the
(80) inside their bodies.
The (75) on
pigeons’ and bees’
built-in compasses
The (78)
of
the magnetic stuff for the
animal
compass
题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
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2009江苏卷
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分）
请认真阅读下列短文,并根
据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写
在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great
difference in how you communicate．“Every
individual exists in a continually changing
world of experience of which he（or she）is the
center”．Many communication scholars and social
scientists believe that people are products of
how others treat them and of the messages
others send them．But every day we experience the
centrality of our selves in communication．A
student．for instance，may describe a conflict with
a
teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my
teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree
with his
opinions．and that’s why he gave me
such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might
say the
opposite．Each person may believe that
he is correct and that the other person’s view is
wrong．
The concept of self originates in
communication．Through verbal and nonverbal
symbols, a
child learns to accept roles in
response to the expectations of others．You
establish self-image。The
sort of person you
believe you are，by how others think of
you．Positive，negative，and neutral
messages
that you receive from others all play a role in
determining who you are．Communication
itself
is probably best understood as a dialogue
process．Our understanding of communication
comes from our interactions with other
people．In a more obvious way．communication
involves
others in the sense that a competent
communicator considers what the other person needs
and
expects when selecting messages to
share．So，the communication begins with the self，as
defined
largely by others，and involves
others，as defined largely by the self．
Communication Occurs almost every minute of
your life．If you are not communicating
with
yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world
around you），you are observing others
and
drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the
other person did not intend a message for
you．you gather observations and draw specific
conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that
person is bored with your message．A second
person looks away from you and you conclude that
person is not listening to you．A third person
smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he
heard recently） and you believe that he is
attracted to you．We are continually picking up
meanings from others’ behaviors and we are
constantly providing behaviors that have
communicative value for them．
More often
than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally
and you may have tried to
explain that you did
not mean that. You may have told the other person
that you were sorry for
your statement．You may
have made a joke out of your rude
statement．Nonetheless，your
comment remains
both in the mind of the other person and in your
own mind．You cannot go back
in time and erase
your messages to others．Communication cannot be
reversed（倒退），nor can it
be repeated．When you
tried to re—create the atmosphere，the
conversation，and the setting，
nothing seemed
right．Your second experience with a similar
setting and person made far different
results．
9 12
Paragraph outline Supporting Details
Communication
●People are somewhat
products of others’ treatment and messages．
begins with the self
●we are always（71）
in communication with others．
●Experiences of
others help children learn to accept roles．
Communication
●Messages from others help
you（73） who you are．
（72） others
●Needs and（74） of others should be
considered．
●We are communicating with
ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to
the outside world．
Communication
●We
are always（76） other people by observing even
if they do not
（75）
intend any
message for you．
everywhere
●We are
constantly collecting meanings from others’（77）
．
●We are constantly（78） meanings by
what we do．
●You may explain what you have
done，but you cannot（79） what
Communication
remains in the other
person’s mind．
cannot be reversed
●Yon may
redo the conversation，but you（80） achieve the
same
nor repeated
results．
题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
10 12
2008江苏卷
第四部分：任务型阅读(共１０小题，每小题１分，满分１０分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根
据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写
在答题卡上相应的横线上。
Teamwork is just as important in
science as it is on the playing field or in the
gym. Scientific
investigations (调查) are almost
always carried out by teams of people working
together. Ideas are
shared, experiences are
designed, data are analyzed, and results are
evaluated and shared with
other investigators.
Group work is necessary, and is usually more
productive than working alone.
Several times
throughout the year you may be asked to work with
one or more of your
classmates. Whatever the
task your group is assigned, a few rules need to
be followed to ensure a
productive and
successful experience.
What comes first is to
keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas
deserve consideration
and each group member
can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it
makes a job easier to
divide the group task
among all group members. Choose a role on the team
that is best suited to
your particular
strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take
turns, and encourage each other by
listening,
clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual
support and trust often make a great
difference.
Activities like investigations
are most effective when done by small groups. Here
are some
more suggestions for effective team
performance during these activities: Make sure
each group
member understands and agrees to
the task given to him or her, and everyone knows
exactly when,
why and what to do; take turns
doing various tasks during similar and repeated
activities; be aware
of where other group
members are and what they are doing so as to
ensure safety; be responsible
for your own
learning, though it is by no means unwise to
compare your observations with those
of other
group members.
When there is research to be
done, divide the topic into several areas, and
this can explore the
issue in a very detailed
way. You are encouraged to keep records of the
sources used each person,
which helps you
trace back to the origin of the problems that may
happen unexpectedly. A format
for exchanging
information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral
discussion, etc.) is also important, for a
well-chosen method not only strengthens what
you present but also makes yourself easily
understood. When the time comes to make a
decision and take a position on an issue, allow
for the
contributions of each member of the
group. Most important of all, it is always wise to
make
decisions by compromise and agreement.
After you’ve completed a task with your team,
make an evaluation of the team’s
effectiveness
— the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and
challenges.
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Title
Theme
General rules
Working Together
Effective performance needs highly cooperated
(71) ________
Keep an open mind to
everyone’s (72) ________.
Divide the group
task among group members.
(73) ________ and
trust each other.
Understand and agree to the
(75) ________ task of one’s own.
Take turns
doing various tasks.
Show concern for others
to ensure safety.
Take (76) _________ for
one’s own learning.
Compare your own
observations with those of others.
Break the
(77) ________ into several areas.
Keep records
of the sources just in (78) ________.
(79)
________ your information with others via proper
format.
Make all decisions by compromise and
agreement.
(74) ________
Explore
an issue
(80) ________
Analyze the
strengths and weaknesses.
effectiveness
Find out the opportunities and challenges.
题型自主分析：
1、原词重现（信息查找）：
2、词性转换（信息加工）：
3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：
12 12