浙江大学宁波理工学院教务系统-新课标二卷

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新题型01 阅读理解七选五


阅读理 解七选五这个题型要求在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从短文
后的七个选项中（均为 完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，其中两项为多余
的迷惑选项，主要考查考生对文章的 整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其
命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的 影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、
处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读 学习和教学理念。该题型命
题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少 ，以句子形式
出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的 的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以
及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下结论 ：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文
章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑 意义）三类。其多余的
两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或 偏离主
题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明 文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材
较为固定：与学生的日常生活、学习 紧密相关。
【题型分析】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键， 英语的语篇通常是由句子和语
段构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相 对完整的思想，
但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才 能
表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分
析每一个段落内部 的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到 篇的一种过渡形式，
段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意 义单位，较小的
段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语 段
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的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合 ，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，
在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判 断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际
间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次 ，好文章的层次非常清
晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。

(2018年
·
浙江卷
)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳 选项。选项
中有两项为多余选项。

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you
want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the
easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of
the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，
take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care
about the area.
_____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.
If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to
help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs
to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly
become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
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F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly

【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31.G
32.F < br>【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持
干净整洁 的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街
上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。
33.E
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面 貌，出
门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，
是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
34.B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本 段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他
们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助 别人的人，符合本段内
容，故选B。
35.C
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推 理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊
重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到 自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的
好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。


高考英语七选五阅读解题的十大技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意
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思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上 ，判断它们之间的关系来
进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的 关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果
或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thustherefore因此，so (such)...
如此……以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构 成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间
是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管
如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管,
at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无
论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下,
in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否
则；除此以外，not…but不是……而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例 子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非
是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系 ，用到的思维过程无非就是基
本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一 种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间
是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外，
likewise同样地，照样地；也，又，similarly相似地，类似地， moreover而且再者，此外，
in addition另外，加之，what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not
only…but also不但……而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先，第一； second第二；third第三……；firstly第一，首先，
secondly第二(点)；其次，thirdly第三……；first第一， next其次，then那么， 然后……；in
the first place第一，首先；in the second place第二,，其次……；for one thing首先，一则， for
another thing其次……；to begin with首先，第一； to conclude首先，第一，等。
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技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前 面提及的名词或形容词概念，
巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近 义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这
是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言， 上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下
义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包 含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前
后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题 。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落 主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，
查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案 的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种
的衔接手段，尤其当选项是 几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容 。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与
下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段 开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连
接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要 注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，
同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立 、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提< br>出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这
样的特 征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，
如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中
也可发现前文的同义词句。
【七选五解题步骤】
1.在阅 读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的手段和末段的末尾句，因为＂
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开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句 一般是全文的主题所在，
说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形 式进行呈现。
首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者
迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，
则 需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，
则需在文章中 其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2.做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句 子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中
寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一 种很好的方法。另外，如果发现
有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。 至此，文章的要
点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的
题目。
3.做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义 及逻辑
上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接
上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
同时，我们还 应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近
具有很强的干扰性，这时就需 要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
4.切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是， 不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目
时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有 充分的理由否定向前的选择。


Passage 1(2017·浙江卷)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a
cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first
man- on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,
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think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if
your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think
environmental protection is important in America?＂ 32

●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News,
and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to
get people to warm up to you.

●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.
Don’t get discouraged.
● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten
minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as
you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you
the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six
to ten. 35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the
air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。

3. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意
礼貌，而选项 B中的polite正好与其相呼应，故选B。
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4. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer
than ten minutes.＂可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。
5. F 【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂, 而选
项F中＂That number of interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选F。
Passage 2（2018·新课标卷I）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp
of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live
in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax
after a long day? 1 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers
approach this important point. 2 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that
there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the
small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
3 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most
of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less
expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit
of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or
bookshelves. 4 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a
more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether
you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are
significant. 5 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
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F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。

3. D 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用
途。故选D。
4. G 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选
G。
5. F 前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精
力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文 F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故
选F。
Passage 3（浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三模拟）
How to Forgive Yourself
Kelly came home fired and discouraged from her job. She started yelling at everyone in the
house, When she calmed down, she started to feel guilty and wanted her family to forgive her.
Does this story sound familiar? What about you? 1
We sometimes make some mistakes. 2 When you hurt someone and start feeling
guilty, the first thing yon need to do is forgive yourself before you ask others to Forgive you.
Whether you screamed at your child, hurt your partner or lied to your friend, it is necessary to
forgive yourself for your benefit.
To learn how to forgive yourself, follow the guide below:
◆ 3 If it is something simple such as screaming at your child or your partner, then
work on understanding yourself and emotions. It is also necessary to understand why you took
this action for which you have to forgive yourself now.
◆After you have known about your mistake, you need to learn your lesson from it, so you
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won't repent it. Ask yourself, what can you learn from what you have done? 4
◆Realize that you are a human and everyone makes mistakes or does things they are not
proud of. 5 All it will do is to cause you pain, sorrow, stress, and could lead you into low
spirits. Therefore, it is better to make a decision to forgive yourself.
Always remember the saying, achieve inner health only through forgiveness, the
forgiveness not only of others but also of ourselves.”
A. Recognize your behavior and what you have done
D. It is of great help if you just ignore what led to the situation
C. If you stay upset and angry at yourself, this will not benefit you.
D. Have you done something you feel you can't forgive yourself for?
F. Do you hate yourself so much that you feel life is corning to an end?
F. We also hurt others intentionally and unintentionally now and then.
G. Do you have to change some habits or behavior to avoid such experiences?
【文章大意】你有没有做过一些伤害别人的事情，又渴望被原凉？为了你自己的利益，
原谅自己是必要的 。本文介绍了一些学会原谅自己的方法。

3.A 【解析】考查句意理解和上下文逻辑关系。根据空格后的举例such as screaming at your
child or your partner, then work on understanding yourself and emotions.得知这里建议
我们认识到自己的行为和自己做的事情。故选A。
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Passage 4
Technology sometimes goes wrong. And the more you use technology, the more you know it
can go wrong. A connection drops. A printer will not print or an app crashes. Tech troubles can let
users down quickly. First reactions may be to scream, throw the device(设备) against the wall, or
cry. 1 By following these steps, you could solve some of the most common tech problems on
your own.
Search the Web. Learn about your tech problem on a search website, such as Google. See
what others have experienced. Find expert articles about solving the problem. If your issue is
with recent technology, such as a software update, be sure to look for the most recent articles.
2
Check connection speed. Maybe you find that streaming, downloading or updating is
moving slowly. 3 You may think something is wrong with your device when, really, your
network is just slow. A website such as can check your connection speed.
4 Make sure you have the most recent version of apps and software. You might be
experiencing a problem from a bug(漏洞) that has been fixed in an update. But if you have not
yet had the latest version you may miss the solution.
Ask the developer. 5 You can communicate with developers over email, Twitter or a
contact form on their website. Explain the issue giving as much detail as possible, including the
device you are using and the problem you are having.
A. Update.
B. Fix bugs.
C. Tech tips from years ago may not work now.
D. Contact the developer of the app or software.
E. Have you ever struggled when technology went wrong?
F. First, be sure to check your Internet connection speed.
G. However, you may be able to solve the problem by yourself.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章简要向读者介绍了独自解决常见技术问题的几种方法。
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3.F 【解析】根据本段的主旨句及空后的内容可知，本段主要讲
述的是检查网络连接速度。故选F项。
4.A 【解析】根据本段的主要内容尤其是
may miss the solution可知，本段主要讲的是要更新(你的应用程序和软件)，故选A项。
5.D 【解析】本段的主旨句the developer及空后的内容与D项中的the
developer相互印证，故选D项。
Passage 5
How to Welcome Change in Your Life
Do you embrace(欣然接受) the road you are now on or resist and avoid change at all costs
when a recent event has shaken you greatly? Here are things you can do in the midst of
uncertainty to choose differently to change the track of your life.
Don’t react.
What do we do when we don’t know what to do? First, stop, take a deep breath and don’t
do anything. 1 It is having faith and trusting what you do know in the unknown.
Reflect on the past.
Another activity is to recall times in your life when you were faced with an unknown. Then,
think about how you handled the situation. 2 Use your past experiences to bring you
strength, and to remind you what you are capable of.
Make conscious decisions.
3 However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace. Go over your list of what
ifs and make a more balanced list of the best and worst situations possible. Then talk to loved
ones about what you would do in each situation and the choices you do have.
4
We often see fears as our greatest enemy, yet they provide us with an enormous
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opportunity for self-growth. What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us become
a better person?Let your fears help you instead of hurting you. Then, write down what comes to
you. 5
A. Don’t panic.
B. Befriend your fears.
C. You may be surprised by the answers.
D. When we are fearful, our options seem limited.
E. Then try to feel at ease with the state of
F. Learning from past failures helps you make better decisions.
G. Remembering these incidents will remind you that you’ve gone through difficult
situations.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了迎接生活中的变化的几种方法。

4.B 【解析】根据最后一段的内容尤其是
help us become a better person 可知，本段主要讲的是对待恐惧要如同对待朋友一样，
而不要把它们看作敌人。故B项符合语境。
5.C 【解析】根据空前的， write down what comes to you可知，空处的内容有关写
下这些东西的结果，故C项你可能会对答案感到震惊符合语境。






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