高三英语任务型阅读突破训练
空军工程大学分数线-参考答案
任务阅读突破 （ 一）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后
表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格
只填1个单词。
Human
capital(资金) flight, more commonly referred to as
“brain drain”， is the large－scale emigration(移民)
of
a large group of individuals with technical
skills or knowledge. Although the term originally
referred to technology
workers leaving a
nation, the meaning has broadened into the
departure of educated and professional people from
one
country，economic sector，or field for
another，usually for better pay or living
conditions.
Brain drain is usually regarded as
an economic cost，since emigrants usually take with
them the part of value of
their training
sponsored by the government or other
organizations. The contrary phenomenon is “brain
gain”， which
occurs when there is a
large－scale immigration of technically qualified
persons.
The term itself was coined by the
Royal Society(英国皇家学会) to describe the emigration
of “scientists and
technologists” to North
America from post－war Europe. Another source
indicates that this term was first used in the
United Kingdom to describe the influx(流入) of
Indian scientist and engineers.
The reasons
usually include two aspects which
respectively(分别地) come from countries and
individuals. In
terms of countries，the reasons
may be social environment such as lack of
opportunities, political instability,
economic depression, health risks，etc. in
source countries and rich chances，political
stability and freedom，
developed economy，better
living conditions, etc. in host countries. In
terms of individual reasons, there is family
influence(overseas relatives ), and personal
preference: preference for exploring，ambition for
an improved
career，etc.
Brain drain is
common amongst developing nations，where marketable
skills were not financially rewarded.
With
rapid GDP growth and a higher degree of openness
towards the rest of the world，China has also been
facing
brain drain. There has been upsurge in
Chinese emigration to Western
countries－particularly the United
States，
Canada and Australia—since the
mid－first decade of the 21st century. China became
the biggest worldwide
contributor of emigrants
in 2007. According to the official Chinese
media，65，000 Chinese secured immigration or
permanent resident status(地位) in the United
States, 25，000 in Canada and 15，000 in Australia.
The largest group of
emigrants consists of
professionals and experts with a middle－class
background，who are the backbone(骨干) for the
development of China.
However，in recent
years, China's rapid development and the
increasing number of international companies
registering to do business in China have led
many Chinese living abroad to swap their lives
there for a new life back in
China. According
to the government statistics，more than 130
thousand people came back in 2010，and more in the
following years. Better jobs, special
government policies and more chances to make use
of the experience and skills
gained abroad
have made the future look bright indeed for the
overseas Chinese coming home.
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Brain Drain：A Special Phenomenon
Across the World
Passage outline Supporting
details
◇Originally referring to large－scale
emigration of (72)______ and knowledgeable
individuals for better pay or living
conditions
◇Broadened into the departure of
professional
people who received good
(73)______ from
one country, economic
sector, or field for
another
◇Regarded as
an economic cost
◇First used in the UK, one
(75)______ the
emigration of “scientists and
technologists” to
North America from
post－war (76)______
countries; another the
influx of Indian scientist
and engineers
◇From countries: social environment in the
countries which (77)______ from “brain drain”
◇From individuals: family influence and
personal preference
◇There has been an
increase in Chinese
emigration to Western
countries since 2005
◇China(78)______ the most
to brain drain
worldwide in 2007，with 65，000
to the United
States, 25，000 to Canada and
15，000 to
Australia, (79)______ of whom were
professionals and experts with a middle－class
background
◇However，recently more and more
Chinese
overseas are (80)______ home thanks to
the
better jobs，special government policies
and
more chances to make use of the experience
and
skills gained abroad in their home country
(71)______
(74)______ of the term
Reasons
Brain drain in China
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任务阅读突破 （ 二）
请认真阅读下列短文，根
据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只
填1个单词。
Animal feed is the biggest cost for most
cattle producers. In the United States, the cost
of hay, grains and other
feed has risen
sharply because of a drought. At the same time,
wildfires this year burned more than a million
hectares
of North American rangeland(牧场)．
Jack Field raises cattle in the northwestern
state of Washington. To save money, he has made
plans to truck his
small herd of cows three
hundred kilometers to feed on crop stubble. Crop
stubble is what remains after crops have
been
harvested.
Moving his cattle from farm to farm
costs money and time. But he says if he can avoid
feeding them hay, he can
still make a profit.
Tim Delcurto is a beef scientist at Oregon
State University. He is working with ranchers(牧场主)
and feedlot
owners to help them find lower
cost ways to feed cattle. He says cattle can eat
things like grass－seed straw and
distillers
grains. These grains are left over from
ethanol(乙醇) fuel production.
He says cattle
can also eat cannery waste and items rejected by
vegetable processors—like misshapen green beans,
carrots, even French fries.
“Now I think
one of the unique qualities of beef cattle— and
sheep would fit this, too—is that they can
virtually
digest anything.”
The rising
cost of feed has led agricultural research
universities to give greater attention to what
experts call “feed
efficiency”. The University
of Idaho has a cattle barn where sensors measure
exactly how much food each cow eats.
Professor
Rod Hill says just that animals are growing at the
same rate does not mean they eat the same amount
of
food. In fact the difference in how
efficiently their bodies transform feed into meat,
fat, bone and hide might be
surprising.
“These animals are—for your eye and mine—they
look quite homogenous(同种类的). But the variation in
intake for animals growing at the same rate is
of the order of thirty－five percent.”
This is
a case where humans and animals have something in
common.
“You know, we talk to people who
say，‘All I have to do is, is, is look at the candy
store and, and I put on three
pounds.’ And so
we don't actually quantify it so precisely in
humans, we know in humans that some people can eat
a
little and they can put on quite a bit of
weight and some people can eat a lot and hardly
put on any weight. So it's a
biological
phenomenon.”
Rod Hill says ranchers can use
selective breeding to get the same growth with
less feed. But he says not to focus
too much
on one thing, like reducing fat.
“Less－efficient animals are slightly fatter,
and more－efficient animals are slightly leaner. So
we wouldn't want
to just go after efficiency
and then forget about the body composition. So, we
wouldn't want animals to become too
lean, so
that might reduce marbling(肥瘦相间的肉) in the product,
especially in the quality cuts where the profit
is.”
3
Problem
Improving “feed efficiency” in cattle
Animal feed in the US becomes too (71)______
for most cattle producers this
year
●A
(73)______ did great harm to the growth of hay,
grains and other feed
● Wild fires
(74)______ much of North American rangeland
●Jack Field has (76)______ to carry his cows
by truck 300 kilometers away
to feed on crop
stubble, which he thinks is beneficial
●Tim DelCurto works with ranchers and feedlot
owners to find lower cost
ways to feed cattle.
He thinks that cattle have the (77)______ to
digest
anything
●Rod Hill devotes
himself to the research on “feed efficiency” and
advises
ranchers to use (78)______ breeding to
get the same growth of cattle with
less feed.
He believes that even (79)______ animals grow at
the same rate,
they are quite(80)______ in
efficiency in transforming feed into meat, fat,
bone and hide
(72)______
Actions to
(75)______
the problem
任务阅读突破 （ 三）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的
空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格
只填1个单词。
The basics of
infrastructure design
It is rightly pointed
out that the lifestyle of today is vastly
different from that of the earlier times
especially in
terms of its pace. Lifestyle of
today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to
catch up with such a pace of life, the
adoption of smart and time saving methods is
of real significance. Well, the highways have
certainly contributed in this
direction and
have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the
modern flyovers and expressways, a single route
can be
accessed by twice the number of
vehicles at the same time.
These facilities
and supplies have made our lives double free but
it needs to be realized that designing and
constructing it is a very complex and a long
process. You have to hold fast to the various
rules of designing,
government standards and
most importantly, their safety and usability for
the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a
number of skilled engineers, scientists and
statisticians. The material that is used in the
construction is finalized after it
undergoes
certain tests for evaluating their qualities like
hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is
required.
Some of the points you have to take
care of while laying an infrastructure design are
as follows：
The basic layout(布局) of the road
— At this level of planning, various civil
engineers have meetings to figure
out the
basic requirements of the road like thickness of
the asphalt(沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be
covered,
degree of curves and much more. These
fundamental points help them decide the further
line of action.
The prior steps— Before any
work is stated over the basic plan layout, there
are various preparations to be made
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like placing road signs, the
removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in
the event of a storm or other natural
causes,
the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on
special designs to be useful when required, etc.
Inclusion of safety barriers—The safety
barriers are placed on almost all roads and
highways that are made over
or near to rivers
and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from
moving into the traffic in instances of accidents.
These should also be designed in advance of
placing them on a road and the design should be
such that it makes
minimum impact upon the
people sitting in the car. These include supplies
like side rails and light poles.
Asphalt
pavement marking — It is the process of using a
reflective material to indicate various important
points on the road like lanes, turns, passing
areas, two way and one way roads.
Though the
smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities
seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the
ease
of use is also the cause of accidents.
Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure
change of lanes are a common
sight on the
highways. With the help of novel infrastructure
design engineers, we can make the best possible
use of
highways. If these are designed
properly and sign boards are placed at the
required points, a number of road accidents
can be avoided.
The basics of
infrastructure design
5
Reason for construction of infrastructure
Infrastructure must (71)______ the demands of
today's fast－paced lifestyle
Various
rules, standards, safety and usability
should
be taken into careful consideration
Challenges of design and (72)______
Skilled engineers, scientists and
statisticians
have to work hard (73)______
Materials must be (74)______ to ensure
their
qualities
Various engineers
meet to make sure about
fundamental (75)______
of the road
Things like (76)______ trees
that are potentially
dangerous must be done
before construction
Points to follow
Safety barriers should be carefully (77)
______
before being placed to prevent
accidents
Materials that can (78)______
light should be
used to make marks on the
pavement
Smooth and wide highways may
(79) ______
accidents
Highways should
be designed properly and sign
boards
(80)______ at the required points
Possible
problems and solutions
任务阅读突破 （ 四）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读
内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格
只填1个单词。
Host family accommodation means that hosts
treat the student as a full member of the
household, eating together
with the student
and sharing the common living areas with himher.
No more than three adult students or four junior
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students will be
accommodated in host family accommodation at one
time.
Host family accommodation remains
popular among international students. It is the
most economical and
beneficial accommodation
for any student. It is also the best way to
practice English and learn new cultures. As a
result,
it is often seen as the number－one
choice for its advantages in language study,
cultural communication and cost of
living.
Staying alongside host family enables students to
get enough practice during the short time of their
study so that
their language acquisition is
likely to become faster. Living in host families,
students are able to spend a lot of time
communicating with their “host parents”， who
are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to
know the local way of
life, people and
culture. Most host families are always ready to
help students out in any situation. Often the
bonds that
are made between international
students and their host families endure many
years, and are maintained through letters
and
e－mails. Another advantage is that host family
accommodation can sometimes be the least
expensive. It attracts
students as it ensures
them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented
host families from worrying. On the one hand, some
host families
are losing their unique selling
point. One problem is that the majority of hosts
in big cities, now generally single and
young,
have less time available for international
students, but the selling point for host family
accommodation is
communication practice. On
the other hand, students' expectations have risen.
They are becoming more demanding and
asking
for more than ever from their accommodation, as
they come mainly from high socio－economic groups
in their
own countries.
To get out of the
difficult situation, host families are now making
efforts to improve the quality of service. They
are trying to make living conditions better,
including broadband Internet service, private
bathroom, and access to plenty
of hot water
for long showers. They are also providing students
with structured family activities.
It is
believed that host family accommodation will keep
popular with international students.
(71)______
Title: Host Family
Accommodation
Host family accommodation refers
to a kind of accommodation
in which the
student is treated as a full member of the host
family, eating together and sharing the living
areas with the hosts
Students learn the
language
faster because they have
enough
time to (73)______
with their “host parents”
It is more convenient for
students to
communicate and
get to know the local
(74)______， people and
culture
Sometimes it is the least
expensive and
enables students
to live at a low cost
Hosts (76)______ enough time
to
communicate with students
Students are
demanding more
from their host families
Hosts are (79)______ living
Language study
(72)______ Cultural
communication
(75)______ of
accommodation
Loss of
the selling
point
Rise in (77)______
(78)______ Improvement of
Problems
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taken service quality are
offering
students structured activities
(80)______
Host family accommodation will
keep popular with international
students
任务型阅读1
71. Definition 72. skilled 73.
education
74. OriginSources 75. describing
76. European 77. suffer 78. contributed
79. most 80. returningcomingback
任务型阅读2
71. expensivedearcostly 72. ReasonsCauses
73. drought 74. burned 75. solvesettle
76.
planned 77. ability 78. selective
79. thoughif
80. different
任务型阅读3
71. meetsatisfy 72.
construction
73. together 74. tested 75.
requirements
76. removing 77. designed 78.
reflect
任务型阅读4
71. Definition 72.
AdvantagesBenefits 73. communicate 74. lifestyle
75. Cost
76. lackhaven't 77. expectation(s)
78. Measures 79. improvingbettering
80.
Conclusion 79. cause 80. placed
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