-2018高考英语语法填空真题全国卷讲课稿
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历年高考语法填空真题
1.
(2018全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical
journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run
fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You
may
drink, smoke, be overweight and still
reduce your risk of 63 ________ (die) early by
running.
While running regularly can’t make
you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more
effective at lengthening life 65
walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors
of the review
also made a study published in
2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day
of running
reduced the risk of heart disease
and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The
best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.
But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To
avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces,
do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles
(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69
(energy). If you are time poor, you need run
for only half the time to get the same benefits as
other
sports, so perhaps we should all give 70
a try.
2.
(2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in china-and so too has its
top crop. Since 2011, the country 61____ (grow)
more corn than rice。 Corn production has
jumped nearly 125 percent over __62 __ past 25
years,
while rice has increased only 7
percent.
A taste for meat is 63 _____(actual)
behind the change: An important part of its corn
is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle.
Another reason for corn's rise: The government
encourages farmers to
grow corn instead of
rice 64_________(improve) water quality. Corn uses
less water _65_____ rice
and creates less
fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased
66________ (pollute)in the
country's major
lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer
for people.
According to the World Bank, China
accounts for about 30 percent of total
67______(globe)
fertilizer consumption. The
Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between
2005-when the
government 68______ (start) a
soil-testing program 69_________ gives specific
fertilizer
recommendations to farmers- and
2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
That prevented the
emission(排放) of 51.8
million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach
to protecting its
environment while 70 _____
(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food
policymakers worldwide,”
says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
3.
(2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or
the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
appears
out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the
forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the
gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of
her lungs.
That makes her baby scream, and
then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
63 (loud)
of all. The noise shakes the
trees as the male beats his chest and charges
toward me. I quickly lower
myself, ducking my
head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his
eyes so he doesn't feel 65
(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66
(science) who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys. I was searching 67 these three
western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No
one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues
and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I
frightened each other, I was just glad to find
68 (they) alive. True to
gorilla's
unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69
(mean) no real harm. He was just saying:
“I'm
king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”
Once his message was delivered, he allowed me
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70 (stay) and
watch.
4.（2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent
trend in the food service industry toward lower
fat content and less salt.
This trend, which
was started by the medical community（医学界） 61
a method of
fighting heart disease, has had
some unintended side 62 (effect) such as
overweight and
heart disease—the very thing
the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.
They are required 63 (process) the food
that we eat, to recover from injury and for
several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as
if is missing something. As 65 result,
people will eat
more food to try to make up
for that something missing. Even 66
(bad), the amount of
fast food that people
eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat
and salt; by 68 (eat)
more fast food
people will get more salt and fat than they need
in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt
in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)
between meals
and will improve the taste of
your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go
to extremes. Like
anything, it is possible to
have too much of both, 70 is not good for
the health.
5.（2017全国Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger
railway in the world opened in London. It ran for
just
under seven kilometers and allowed people
to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above
as
they travelled to and __________62__ work.
It took three years to complete and was built
using an
interesting method. This included
digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and
then building a
strong roof over___64___ top.
When all those had been done, the road surface was
replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to
pull the carriages and it must have
been___66__(fair)unpleasant
for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However,
the railway quickly proved to be a great
success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct
railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）,
which became known to the tube. This
development was only possible with the ___69___
(introduce)
of electric-powered engines and
lifts. The central London Railway was one of the
most
___70___(success) of these new lines, and
was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels
and
bright red carriages, and proved extremely
popular with the public.
6.（2017全国Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-
faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to
challenge of her new A-level course
.But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is
not spending half-term
61 ________
(rest). Instead, she is earning $$6500 a day as 62
__________ model in New York.
Sarah 63
__________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new
supermodel earning a million dollars in
the
new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up
school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 _______
has taken part in shows along with top models
wants 65_________ (prove) that she has brains as
well as
beauty. She is determined to carry on
with her 66_________ (educate).
She has
turned down several 67_______ (invitation) to
star at shows in order to concentrate on
her
studies After school she plans to take a year off
to model full time before going to university to
get a
degree 68___________ engineering or
architecture.
Sarah says, 69 ___________
(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed
in modeling. It is 70 _________ (certain) fun but
the lifestyle
is a little unreal. I don't want
to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't
model my more.
7.
（2016全国Ⅰ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正
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确形式。
Chengdu has dozens
of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and
fancy new hotels. But for
tourists like me,
pandas are its top____61____(attract).
So
it was a great honour to be invited backstage at
the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket
money helps pay for research,
I_____62________（allow）to get up close to these
cute animals at the
600-acre centre. From
tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title
will be
__63_________(official) given to me at
a ceremony in London. But my connection with
pandas goes
back ____64________ my days on a
TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_________ I was
the first
Western TV reporter__66_______
(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas
rescued from
starvation in the wild. My
ambassadorial duties will include
____67______(introduce) British
visitors to
the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a
research in the misty mountains of
Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-
month-old twin that had been rejected by _68____
(it)
mother. The nursery team switches him
every few __69______( day) with his sister so that
while one
is being bottle-fed, __70____ other
is with mum-she never suspects.
8.（2016全国卷Ⅱ）阅读
下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
If you
feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you
should take a step back and identify（识别）
those
of 61___ ____ (great) and less importance. Then,
handle the most important tasks first so
you'll feel a real sense of 62 ________
(achieve). Leaving the less important things until
tomorrow 63 ___ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in
the morning than we are later in the day. So get
an early start and try to be as productive
65_____ possible before lunch. This will give you
the
confidence you need to get you through the
afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more
productive at work if we take short breaks
67 ______ (regular). Give your body and brain
a rest by stepping outside for 68 while,
exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of
the office, you'll be less likely 69_____
(bring) your work home. It could be anything,
gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it
is,
70_______ (make )sure it's a relief
from daily stress rather than another thing to
worry about.
9.（2016全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个
单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
In much of Asia,
especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of
China, Japan, Korea, 41
Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are
usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.
They can also be made of
plastic, animal bone
or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.
Truly elegant chopsticks might
42 (make)of
gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled
workers also combine various
hardwoods and
metal 43________ (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five
thousand years. People probably cooked their food
in
large pots, 44 ____________ (use) twigs(树枝)
to remove it. Over time, 45 the population
grew, people began cutting food into small
pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in
small
pieces could be eaten easily with twigs
which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese
scholar Confucius, 47_____________-lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the
48________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius
believed
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knives would
remind people of killings and 49___________ (be)
too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks
are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for
example, most people traditionally eat
50____________ their hands.
10.（2015全国Ⅰ）阅
读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相
应位置。
Yangshuo, China
It was raining
lightly when I__61______(arrive) in Yangshuo just
before dawn. But I didn’t care.
A few
hours__62_____, I’d been at home in Hong Kong,
with __63_____ (it) choking smog. Here,
the
air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for
tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and
dark waters of the Li River_64________are
pictured by artists in so many Chinese
_65_______(painting). Instead, I’d headed
straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to
Guilin, it’s
only an hour away__66____________
car and offers all the scenery of the better-known
city.
Yangshuo__67________(be) really
beautiful. A study of
travelers_68_____________(conduct)
by the
website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the
top 10 destinations in the world. And the
town
is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for
people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a
travel
company in Hong Kong, says it
_69___________(regular) arranges quick getaways
here for
people_70____________(live) in
Shanghai and Hong Kong.
11.（2015全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面材料，在空
白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的
正确形式。
The adobe
dwellings (土坯房) 61 ______（build）by the Pueblo
Indians of the American
Southwest are admired
by even 62 ________ most modern of architects
and engineers. In addition
to their simple
beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable
is their 63______ (able) to “air
condition”
a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat
from the
sun on hot days and give out that heat 65
________( slow) during cool nights, thus
warming the house. When a new day breaks, the
walls have given up their heat and are now cold
enough 66 _______ (cool) the house during
the hot day; 67 _______________ the same
time, they warm up again for the night. This
cycle 68 ___________ (go) day after day: The
walls warm up during the day and cool off
during the night and are thus always a timely
offset(抵消)
for the outside temperatures. As
69 __________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo
Indians figured
out exactly 70 _________
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the
cycle work on most
days.
12.（2014全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面
材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible
to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible
along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
__61____（be）
unimaginable that it could ever be
cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it
____62____(actual)caught fire and burned. Now,
ears later, this river is one of _63___most
outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
__64____even a few months. It took years of
work__65______(reduce ) the industrial
pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard
work paid
off and now the water in the river
is___66_____(clean) than ever.
Maybe you
are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you
leave a habit __67___is driving your
family
crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know
how to control your credit card use. When
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you face such an impossible
situation ,don’t you want a quick fix and
something to change
immediately?
While
there are ___68_______(amaze) stories of instant
transformation, for most of us
the___69_______(change) are gradual and
require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up
a
polluted river. Just be 70 _________
(patience)
13.（2014全国Ⅱ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于
3个单词）或括号内单
词的正确形式。
One morning, I was
waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___
(be) late for school.
There were many people
waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them
looked very anxious and
___43__(disappoint) .
when the bus finally came, we all hurried on
board. I got a place next
____44___ the
window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A
boy on a bike ____45___ (catch )
my attention.
He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
I heard a passenger behind me
shouting to the
driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we
reached the next stop. Still, the boy
kept
____47___(ride). He was carrying something over
his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we
came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door
of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then
the
driver stood up and asked,“____48___
anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman
on the bus
shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___
(I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took
the suitcase
thankfully. Five others on the
bus began talking about what the boy had done and
the crowd of
strangers 50 ________(sudden)
became friendly to one another.
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