打油诗-中国解放军艺术学院

高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案
一、关于纯空格形式
1、根据语境判断词义
通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚 词。值
得注意的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个
句子 、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。
判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。
(1定义法:定义法是指通 过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主
要是名词,如:
We are all in the position of the_______. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good
harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we’ll get a useless crop. If we don’t plant
anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.
答案:farmer。解释:通过后面句子的含义 解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农
民”,特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。
(2对比法:对比法指通过句子的对比关 系来判断所缺单词的词义,通常可以通过
一些连词或副词来判断,如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand
等。如:
There are more _____________ teachers in my schools than men teachers.
答案:women。解释:通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性
的”,即名词women作定语修饰teachers。
(3因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如:

The museum was so______ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one
day.
答案:large。解释:根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展 品”
可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。
(4语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如:
One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How
_____ they are! You must clean them”.
答案:dirty。解释:根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空
格处词义2、根据句子成分确定词性
对于纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词 的词性。词性的判断主
要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:
(1主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如:
From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the
evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _____.
答案:the mselves。解释:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主
语是they,谓语是a re free,to relax and enjoy _____是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松”,所以要使用反身代词themselves。
(2谓语主要是由 动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要
求每空只填一词,所以时态一般只考查一般 现在时和一般过去时。如:
She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always
_________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.

答案:stands。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词 ,根据语境,此空含义是“站在(他身边”,
即stand 。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一 般现在时,由于主语是she,所以
使用第三人称单数stands。
但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词,如:
At midnight, I woke up to find the wife ________ soundly in her man’s embrace. I
could see the smile of security on her face.
答案:sleeping。解释:此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境 “半夜我
醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”,所以使用动词sleep的现在分
词形式充当补语。
(3表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分
词等。如: Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival
Gala___________ to millions of viewers.
答案:live。解释:此处考查语境理解及形容 词充当补语的用法。broadcast…live
意为“现场直播”。
(4状语主要由副词充当。如:
He dug fo r 12 hours…24 hours. _______,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large
stone and heard his son’s voice.
答案:Eventually Finally。解释:此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从< br>语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于,最后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副词
形式。
3、根据句子类型确定词类
若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词 有两类,一种是
并列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有

以下几种句型: (1 并列句:并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单 句构成,有时并列连
词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and、转折关系 (but、
选择关系(or、因果关系(so等。如:
“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in
Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak
putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.
答案:so。解释:根据上下句 的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以使用so。句意为
“这些学生不会讲广州话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友 ,我不得不讲普通话”。
(2 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻 辑关系是
时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。如:
_______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just
six inches down there was a rock.
答案:AsWhen。解释:根据前后两个都是简单 句可以判断是缺从属连词,从第一
句的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以使用aswhen。
(3 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,
如果缺以 上成分,一般情况下要使用what,有时可能使用whowhom或which;如果不
缺以上成分, 则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that,意思不完整的则考
虑where, why, how, because等。如:
I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every
respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
答案:what。解释:此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语, 所以使
用what。
(4定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间 、地点,还
是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个

引导词。如: However, Cheung, _______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University
this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.
答案:who。解释:此处考查非限制性定语 从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是
人Cheung(张,
引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who。
4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等
固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上
就能答对。如:
V olunteer work plays an important _______in America’s high school education.
答案:part。解释:此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。
但要有时 命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将
固定连用的短语分隔开来,这一点 也需注意。
Some parents tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They are
all dead! There is nothing you can do!” ________each parent he responded with the same
line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by
stone.
答案:To。解释:此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放
在了句首,短语被拆开,所以难度加大了许多。
二、提供单词原形的空格
1、括号内提供的是动词
当括号内提供的是动词时,主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。

(1当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。如:
Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin China in 1997, more student from the Chinese
mainland have chosen to study there.
答案:rejoined。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen
及从句的时间状语in 1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。
(2如果考 查非谓语,要判断非谓语在句中的成分,根据不同成分使用适当的形式,
其中使用ing形式和ed形式 居多,有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或
名词,如: Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _________(live with her parents in
Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
答案:L iving。解释:此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活作原因状语,
与逻辑主语she 是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living。
2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号 内提供的是形容词,一般是判断考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号
内提供的是副词,一般是判断考 察形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如:
“Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude.
答案:rudely。解释:此处考查副词作状语的用 法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用
来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如:
At last, her courage and _________(wise impressed both the CEO and Princeton
University.
答案:wisdom。解释:括号内 提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并
列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式 wisdom。

3、括号内提供的是名词
当括号内提供的是名词时,一般判断考查形容词,如:
There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案:wonderful。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但 此空作系动词sounds的表语,所
以要使用形容词形式。
但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如:
A certain man planted a rose and watered it______( faith and before it blossomed,
he examined it.
答案:faithfully。解 释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water,所
以要变成副词。注意:先将名词f aith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。
【实例分析】
实例1:(广东卷
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1
(break down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering
where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered
around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their
house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.
While she was getting me 4 (settle into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was
tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there
was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of
them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We
drank together and talked 8 (merry till far into the night.

When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to
reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 .
短文解读:本文是 一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是:在一个
穷乡僻壤的小山村附近,作者的车坏了。 幸运的是,他受到了村民的热情款待,并在一
老太太家里度过了一个愉快的晚上。
【答案与解析】
1、答案:broke。解析:此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法 。句子属
于典型句型be doing …when…结构,在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过 去时,
空格处单词是谓语功能,所以使用break的过去式broken。
2、答案:who。解析:此处考查宾语从句的引导词who的用法。空格前是介词短
语as to (至于、关于,空格后是谓语及宾语,根据句子结构,空格处明显是主语,而且指
人,所以使用w ho,其引导的从句作介词短语as to的宾语。
3、答案:as。解析:此处考查短语的固定搭配用法。Receive sb as…意为“把某人< br>当作、、、、、、来接待”,句意为“当我在怨天尤人、想着该到哪过夜时,我意识到
聚集在我周 围的村民正在争论谁有幸在家里接待我这个贵宾”。
4、答案:settled。解析:此处考查过去 分词作宾补的用法。根据句子结构,句子的
主语是she ,谓语是was getting,宾语是m e,空格处单词是补语作用,逻辑主语me与
settle是被动关系,即“被安置下来”,所以要使用 过去分词。
5、答案:a。解析:此处考查不定冠词的用法。从语境看,此处表示泛指,意为“一个小镇”。
6、答案:where。解析:此处考查定语从句的引导词where的用法。从句子 结构
看,先行词是a small town (some 20 kilometers away作 定语,空格处为定语从句的引导
词,在从句中作地点状语,所以使用关系副词where。意为“那里( 小镇上有个修车
厂”。

7、答案:other。解析: 此处考查不定代词的用法。根据语境,是“其他”村民给我
送来goat's cheese and honey,所以使用other。
8、答案:merrily。解析:此处考查副词作状语的用法及 副词的构词规则。根据句
子结构,空格处单词修饰谓语动词talked,括号内提供的词是形容词,因 此要变成副词
形式。意为“高兴地谈到深夜”。
9、答案:for。解析:此处考查介词for表示原因的用法。reward sb. for sth意为
“因、、、、、、而酬谢报答某人”。
10、答案:her。解析:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,空格处单词
在定语从