2011-2018高考英语语法填空真题全国卷完整版.doc
弘扬民族精神演讲稿-元宵节的来历50字
历年高考语法填空真题
1.
(2018全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical
journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run
fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You
may
drink, smoke, be overweight and still
reduce your risk of 63 ________ (die) early by
running.
While running regularly can’t make
you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more
effective at lengthening life 65
walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors
of the review
also made a study published in
2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day
of running
reduced the risk of heart disease
and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The
best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.
But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To
avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces,
do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles
(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69
(energy). If you are time poor, you need run
for only half the time to get the same benefits as
other
sports, so perhaps we should all give 70
a try.
2.
(2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in china-and so too has its
top crop. Since 2011, the country 61____ (grow)
more corn than rice。 Corn production has
jumped nearly 125 percent over __62 __ past 25
years,
while rice has increased only 7
percent.
A taste for meat is 63 _____(actual)
behind the change: An important part of its corn
is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle.
Another reason for corn's rise: The government
encourages farmers to
grow corn instead of
rice 64_________(improve) water quality. Corn uses
less water _65_____ rice
and creates less
fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased
66________ (pollute)in the
country's major
lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer
for people.
According to the World Bank, China
accounts for about 30 percent of total
67______(globe)
fertilizer consumption. The
Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between
2005-when the
government 68______ (start) a
soil-testing program 69_________ gives specific
fertilizer
recommendations to farmers- and
2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
That prevented the
emission(排放) of 51.8
million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach
to protecting its
environment while 70 _____
(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food
policymakers worldwide,”
says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
3.
(2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or
the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
appears
out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the
forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the
gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of
her lungs.
That makes her baby scream, and
then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
63 (loud)
of all. The noise shakes the
trees as the male beats his chest and charges
toward me. I quickly lower
myself, ducking my
head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his
eyes so he doesn't feel 65
(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66
(science) who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys. I was searching 67 these three
western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No
one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues
and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I
frightened each other, I was just glad to find
68 (they) alive. True to
gorilla's
unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69
(mean) no real harm. He was just saying:
“I'm
king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”
Once his message was delivered, he allowed me
70 (stay) and watch.
4.（2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food
service industry toward lower fat content and less
salt.
This trend, which was started by the
medical community（医学界） 61 a method of
fighting heart disease, has had some
unintended side 62 (effect) such as
overweight and
heart disease—the very thing
the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.
They are required 63 (process) the food
that we eat, to recover from injury and for
several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as
if is missing something. As 65 result,
people will eat
more food to try to make up
for that something missing. Even 66
(bad), the amount of
fast food that people
eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat
and salt; by 68 (eat)
more fast food
people will get more salt and fat than they need
in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt
in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)
between meals
and will improve the taste of
your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go
to extremes. Like
anything, it is possible to
have too much of both, 70 is not good for
the health.
5.（2017全国Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger
railway in the world opened in London. It ran for
just
under seven kilometers and allowed people
to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above
as
they travelled to and __________62__ work.
It took three years to complete and was built
using an
interesting method. This included
digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and
then building a
strong roof over___64___ top.
When all those had been done, the road surface was
replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to
pull the carriages and it must have
been___66__(fair)unpleasant
for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However,
the railway quickly proved to be a great
success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct
railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）,
which became known to the tube. This
development was only possible with the ___69___
(introduce)
of electric-powered engines and
lifts. The central London Railway was one of the
most
___70___(success) of these new lines, and
was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels
and
bright red carriages, and proved extremely
popular with the public.
6.（2017全国Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-
faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to
challenge of her new A-level course
.But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is
not spending half-term
61 ________
(rest). Instead, she is earning $$6500 a day as 62
__________ model in New York.
Sarah 63
__________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new
supermodel earning a million dollars in
the
new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up
school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 _______
has taken part in shows along with top models
wants 65_________ (prove) that she has brains as
well as
beauty. She is determined to carry on
with her 66_________ (educate).
She has
turned down several 67_______ (invitation) to
star at shows in order to concentrate on
her
studies After school she plans to take a year off
to model full time before going to university to
get a
degree 68___________ engineering or
architecture.
Sarah says, 69 ___________
(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed
in modeling. It is 70 _________ (certain) fun but
the lifestyle
is a little unreal. I don't want
to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't
model my more.
7. （2016全国Ⅰ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1
个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Chengdu has
dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest
building, and fancy new hotels. But for
tourists like me, pandas are its
top____61____(attract).
So it was a great
honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-
profit Panda Base, where ticket
money helps
pay for research, I_____62________（allow）to get up
close to these cute animals at the
600-acre
centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK
ambassador. The title will be
__63_________(official) given to me at a
ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas
goes
back ____64________ my days on a TV show
in the mid-1980s, ____65_________ I was the first
Western TV reporter__66_______ (permit) to
film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial
duties will include ____67______(introduce)
British
visitors to the 120-plus pandas at
Chengdu and others at a research in the misty
mountains of
Bifengxia.
On my recent
visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that
had been rejected by _68____ (it)
mother. The
nursery team switches him every few __69______(
day) with his sister so that while one
is
being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she
never suspects.
8.（2016全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容
（1个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
If you feel stressed
by responsibilities at work, you should take a
step back and identify（识别）
those of 61___
____ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the
most important tasks first so
you'll feel a
real sense of 62 ________ (achieve). Leaving
the less important things until
tomorrow 63
___ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are
more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we
are later in the day. So get
an early start
and try to be as productive 65_____ possible
before lunch. This will give you the
confidence you need to get you through the
afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more
productive at work if we take short breaks
67 ______ (regular). Give your body and brain
a rest by stepping outside for 68 while,
exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of
the office, you'll be less likely 69_____
(bring) your work home. It could be anything,
gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it
is,
70_______ (make )sure it's a relief
from daily stress rather than another thing to
worry about.
9.（2016全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个
单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
In much of Asia,
especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of
China, Japan, Korea, 41
Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are
usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.
They can also be made of
plastic, animal bone
or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.
Truly elegant chopsticks might
42 (make)of
gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled
workers also combine various
hardwoods and
metal 43________ (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five
thousand years. People probably cooked their food
in
large pots, 44 ____________ (use) twigs(树枝)
to remove it. Over time, 45 the population
grew, people began cutting food into small
pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in
small
pieces could be eaten easily with twigs
which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese
scholar Confucius, 47_____________-lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the
48________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius
believed
knives would remind people of
killings and 49___________ (be) too violent for
use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used
everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most
people traditionally eat
50____________
their hands.
10.（2015全国Ⅰ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个
单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Yangshuo,
China
It was raining lightly when
I__61______(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
But I didn’t care.
A few hours__62_____, I’d
been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_____ (it)
choking smog. Here,
the air was clean and
fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby
Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the
limestone mountain tops and
dark waters of the
Li River_64________are pictured by artists in so
many Chinese
_65_______(painting). Instead,
I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who
fly to Guilin, it’s
only an hour
away__66____________ car and offers all the
scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo__67________(be) really beautiful. A
study of travelers_68_____________(conduct)
by
the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of
the top 10 destinations in the world. And the
town is fast becoming a popular weekend
destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie &
Kent, a
travel company in Hong Kong, says it
_69___________(regular) arranges quick getaways
here for
people_70____________(live) in
Shanghai and Hong Kong.
11.（2015全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面材料，在空
白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的
正确形式。
The adobe
dwellings (土坯房) 61 ______（build）by the Pueblo
Indians of the American
Southwest are admired
by even 62 ________ most modern of architects
and engineers. In addition
to their simple
beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable
is their 63______ (able) to “air
condition”
a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat
from the
sun on hot days and give out that heat 65
________( slow) during cool nights, thus
warming the house. When a new day breaks, the
walls have given up their heat and are now cold
enough 66 _______ (cool) the house during
the hot day; 67 _______________ the same
time, they warm up again for the night. This
cycle 68 ___________ (go) day after day: The
walls warm up during the day and cool off
during the night and are thus always a timely
offset(抵消)
for the outside temperatures. As
69 __________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo
Indians figured
out exactly 70 _________
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the
cycle work on most
days.
12.（2014全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面
材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible
to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible
along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
__61____（be）
unimaginable that it could ever be
cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it
____62____(actual)caught fire and burned. Now,
ears later, this river is one of _63___most
outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
__64____even a few months. It took years of
work__65______(reduce ) the industrial
pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard
work paid
off and now the water in the river
is___66_____(clean) than ever.
Maybe you
are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you
leave a habit __67___is driving your
family
crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know
how to control your credit card use. When
you face such an impossible situation
,don’t you want a quick fix and something to
change
immediately?
While there are
___68_______(amaze) stories of instant
transformation, for most of us
the___69_______(change) are gradual and
require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up
a
polluted river. Just be 70 _________
(patience)
13.（2014全国Ⅱ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于
3个单词）或括号内单
词的正确形式。
One morning, I was
waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___
(be) late for school.
There were many people
waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them
looked very anxious and
___43__(disappoint) .
when the bus finally came, we all hurried on
board. I got a place next
____44___ the
window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A
boy on a bike ____45___ (catch )
my attention.
He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
I heard a passenger behind me
shouting to the
driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we
reached the next stop. Still, the boy
kept
____47___(ride). He was carrying something over
his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we
came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door
of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then
the
driver stood up and asked,“____48___
anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman
on the bus
shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___
(I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took
the suitcase
thankfully. Five others on the
bus began talking about what the boy had done and
the crowd of
strangers 50 ________(sudden)
became friendly to one another.
高考
赠送以下
资料
考试知识
点技巧大
全
一、 考试中途
应饮葡萄糖
水
大脑是记忆的场
所，脑中有数亿个
神经细胞在不停
地进行着繁重的
活动,大脑细胞活
动需要大量能量。
科学研究证实,虽
然大脑的重量只
占人体重量的
2%-3%,但大脑消
耗的能量却占食
物所产生的总能
量的20%,它的能
量来源靠葡萄糖
氧化过程产生。
据医学文献
记载,
一个健康的青少
年学生30分钟用
脑,血糖浓度在
120毫克100毫
升,
大脑反应快,记忆
力强；90分钟用
脑，血糖浓度降至
80毫克100毫
升，
大脑功能尚正常；
连续120分钟用
脑，血糖浓度降至
60毫克100毫
升，
大脑反应迟钝，思
维能力较差。
我们中考、高考每
一科考试
时间都
在2小时或2小时
以上且用脑强度
大，这样可引起低
血糖并造成大脑<
br>疲劳，从而影响大
脑的正常发挥，对
考试成绩产生重
大影响。因此建议
考生，在用脑60
分钟时，开始补饮
25%浓度的葡萄
糖水100毫升左
右，
为一个高效果
的考试 加油 。
二、考场记忆“短
路”怎么办呢？
对于考生来说，掌
握有效的应试技
巧比再做题突击
更为有效。
1.草稿纸也要逐
题顺序写草稿要
整洁，草稿纸使用
要便于检查。
不要
在一大张纸上乱
写乱画，东写一些，
西写一些。打草稿
也要像解题一样，
一题一题顺着序
号往下写。最好在
草稿纸题号前注
上符号，以确定检
查侧重点。为了便
于做完试卷后的
复查，草稿纸一般
可以折成4-8块
的小方
格， 标注
题号以便核查，保
留清晰的分析和
计算过程。
2.答题要按 先易
后难 顺序不要考
虑考试难度与结
果，可以先用5
分钟熟悉试卷，合
理安排考试进度，
先易后难，先熟后
生，排除干扰。考
试
中很可能遇到
一些没有见过或
复习过的难题，不
要 蒙
了。一般中
考试卷的题型难
度分布基本上是
从易到难排列的，
或者交替排列。
3.遇到容易试题
不能浮躁遇到容
易题，审题要细致。
圈点关键字
词，边
审题边画草图，明
确解题思路。有些
考生一旦遇到容
易
的题目，便觉得
题的解答过程。当
试题出现几种疑
惑不决的答案时，
考生一定
要有主
进行试卷答题的答案是否合题意;
复查。复查要谨慎，六要检查步骤是
可以利用
逆向思否齐全，符号是否
维，反向推理论证，规范。还要复查一
联系生活实际，评些客观题的答
案心应手、兴奋异常，见，有自信心，即
往往情绪激动，甚
至得意忘形。要避
免急于求
成、粗枝
大叶，防止受熟题
答案与解题过程
的定式思维影响，
避免漏题，错题
，
丢掉不该丢的分。
4. 答题不要犹豫
不决选择题做出
选择时
要慎重，要
关注题干中的否
定用词，对比筛选
四个选项的差异
和联系，特别注
意
保留计算型选择
使不能确定答案，
也不能长时间犹
豫，浪费时间，最
终也应把认为正
确程度最高的答
案写到试卷上，不
要在答案处留白
或
开天窗 。
5.试卷检查要细
心有序应答要准
确。一般答题时，
语言表达要尽量
简明扼要，填涂答
题纸绝不能错位。
答完试题，如果时
间允许
，一般都要
估结果的合理性，
选择特殊取值，多
次归纳总结。
另
外，对不同题型
可采用不同的检
查方法。选择题可
采用例证法，举出
一两例来
能分别
证明其他选项不
对便可安心。对填
空题，则一要检查
审题;二要检查思
路是否完整;三要
检查数据代入是
否正确;四要检查
计算过程;五要看
有无遗漏，答案错
位填涂，并复核你
心存疑虑的项目。
若没有充分的理
由，
一般不要改变
你依据第一感觉
做出的选择。
6、万一记忆 短路
可慢呼吸
考试中，
有些考生因为怯
场，导致无法集中
精神，甚至大脑忽
然一片空白，发
生
记忆堵塞 。此时
不要紧张，不妨尝
试如下方式：
<
br>首先是稳定心态，
保持镇静，并注意
调节自己的呼吸
率。先慢吸气，当
对自己说 放松
时缓慢呼气，再考
虑你正在努力回
忆的问题，如果你
仍不能
回想起来，
就暂时搁下这道
题，开始选做其他
会的试题，过段时
间再回过头来
做
这道题。
第二，积极联想。
你不妨回忆老师
在讲课时的情景<
br>或自己的复习笔
记，并努力回忆与
发生记忆堵塞问
题有关的论据和
概念
，把回忆起的
内容迅速记下来，
然后，看能否从中
挑出一些有用的
材料或线索
。
第三，进行一分钟
自我暗示。即根据
自己的实际，选择
能激励
自己，使自
己能心情平静和
增强信心的话，在
心中默念3至5
遍。比如：
我已
平静下来，我能够
考好 、 我有信心，
一定能考出理想
的成绩 等等。
第四，分析内容，
查找相关要点。借
助试卷上其它试
题，也许会给考生
提供某些线索。因
此不要轻易放弃，
查看试题中的相
关要点，看看是否
能给
考生提供线
索或启发。