考研政治复习资料-新年里的新鲜事

2019年高考英语语法填空专项训练
Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1
(long)than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may
drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more
effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review
also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced
the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it’s probably running.
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg
muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always
9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits
as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 2(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears
out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs.
That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud)of
all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly
lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel
5 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen
them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive.
True to gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just
saying:“I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,
he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 3(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and
less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of
fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart
disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food
that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
4 (remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people
will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount
of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more
fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals
and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes. Like
anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 4(2017课标全国Ⅲ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking
forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old
Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2
model in New York.
Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars
in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But
Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has
brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).
She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate
on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to
university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9
(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but
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the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I
can’t model any more.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 5(2018浙江)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish)is
seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their
own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit)a
friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock)when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once
in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become)common for many young people in recent
years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may
be 7 (afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high)cost on your
health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten
outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh)problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to
your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You
might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 6(2016课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels.
But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where
ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at
the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3
(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4
my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit)to
film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial
duties will include 7 (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and
others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
3 8

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8
(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day)with his sister so that while
one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum—she never suspects.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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答案全解全析
Passage 1
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
句意:根据一 份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题干中的
than可知设空处需用副 词比较级形式,故填longer。
see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很 久。本题考查非谓语动词。由句意可
知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系, 故填不定式的主动式to see。
句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过 早死亡的危险。本题考查非谓
语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设 空处填dying。
句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳 相比,跑步对延长
寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需用一 般现在时;再根据
主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为“比”。
ich 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从句。先行词为stud y,
指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running
reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
本题考查名词的“ 数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处
填名词复数形式,故填 causes。
then 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿 部肌肉……。
设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strength en。
tic 设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
ing 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收
益,因此或许我们 都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it代替上文中的
runnin g或直接填running作宾语。


Passage 2
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很凶猛,但它
们并非是好斗的动物。
此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句。“ is more frightened”为
宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。
句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠词。at the
top of one’s lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。
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t 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all”可知设空
处填副词最高级,故填loudest。
g 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头 以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本题考查非
谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动 名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主动关系,故填动名
词looking。
nged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系, 故填过
去分词形式challenged。
ist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家 。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说明主语的身
份;根据提示词science可知填scientis t。
句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动
词短语,意为“搜寻”。
本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。
句意:大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动 物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查时态。根
据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。
stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓语动词作宾 补。
allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,故填to stay。
Passage 3
[语篇解读] 为了应对肥胖和心脏病,医学界鼓励大家食 用低脂肪、少盐的食物。但是如果过于极端的
话,也会适得其反。
考查介词。医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。
s 考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect表示“副作
用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式。
process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(需要某物做某事)以及其被动形式可
知此处填不定式结构。
removed 考 查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后,食物尝起来就
好像缺失了什么东西 。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat and salt作主语,与remove之间
为被动关系,故用被动语态,谓语动词用复数。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。
考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的是,此处与上
句中提到的“eat more food”相比较,故用比较级。
考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处用一般现在时,主语为fast food,故系动词用is。
考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。
l 考查形容词。句意:然而,小心不要走极端。设空处在系动词be后,作表语,故用形容词。
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考查定语从句。句意:和其他东西一样,两者 都有可能食用过多,这对健康是没有好处的。设
空处指代前面的一句话,引导非限制性定语从句,故填w hich。
Passage 4
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。Sarah现在是一名在校 生,她还是一名兼职模特。她的父亲建议她放弃学业
做一名专职模特,但她却做出了不同的选择。
g 考查非谓语动词。固定结构spend some time(in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:相反,她现在在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6,5 00英镑。model为可数名词,此处表
示泛指,故填冠词a。
been toldwas told 考查时态和语态。句意:Sarah被告知她可以成为英国的一名超模新星,第二年就可以有一百万美元的收入。根据语境可知Sarah与tell之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。此处 既
可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响 。
考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,故填关系代词who。
prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
ion 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词后面跟名词,故填education。
tions 考查名词复数。根据several可知,此处应该填复数形式。
考查介词。a degree in...指“某专业的学位”,专业前用介词in。
考查动词时态。由上下文语境以及时间状语at the moment可知,此处应该为一般现在时态,
主语为第三人称单数,故填comes。
nly 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语修饰形容词fun,故填副词。
Passage 5
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。作者发现一个让自己惊讶的现实:来到中国的西方人几乎自己不做饭
和越来越多的年轻人自己也不做饭。他们这样做除了花钱多还会付出健康的代价。
句意:制 作中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名词,要用其
复数形式。
t 很多来到中国的西方人自己做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。
come to China是定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,定语从句中缺少主语,且 先行词表示“人”,所以要
用关系代词whothat引导。
一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭 有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语,真正的主语是后面
的不定式短语to eat out。充当形式主语要用it。
ng 我仍然记得去拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋友。考查非谓 语动词。空格处是非谓语动
词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用remembe r doing sth.,所以答案为visiting。
shocked 当我得知她那五年自 己一次饭也没有做过时,我感到震惊。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。
空格处是句子的谓语,shock与 主语I为被动关系,且根据learnt可知为一般过去时的被动语态,故答案
为was shocked。
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become 尽管近年来经常在外面吃饭好像对很多年轻人来说已经是一件很平常的事了。考查非
谓语动词。seem to do sth.好像做某事。根据语境和句子中的时间状语in recent years可知,此处应
该用不定式的完成式,表示动作已经完成,所以答案为have become。
able 每周在外面吃饭一两次是可以负担得起的。考查形容词。空格处在句中作表 语,表示主
语的特征,要用afford的形容词形式,所以答案为affordable(负担得起的 )。
这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。考查形容词比较级。根据even可知此处应该用< br>比较级形式,故填higher。
考查名词。空格处是修饰后面的名词的。weight problems体重问题。
下一次去你妈妈那儿吃饭的时候,从她那儿获得一些做饭方面的建议。 考查介词的用法。根据
语境可知空格处表达“为了吃饭”。应该用介词for表示目的。
Passage 6
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。
tion 考查名词。设空处作表语。句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者,熊猫是成都最吸引人的东西。attraction n.吸引人的事物。
allowed 考查动词的时态和语态。由 句子结构可知此处为谓语动词。主语“I”和动词“allow”
之间为被动关系,根据上句中的谓语动 词was可知,文章叙述的是过去发生的事,需用一般过去时,故此处
需用一般过去时的被动语态。
ally 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。
考查介词。go back to“追溯到,回溯到”,为固定短语。
考查定语从句。先行词the mid-1980s为表示 时间的名词,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,
故用关系副词when引导。
ted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
ucing 考查动名词。动词include后缺宾语,需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。
考查代词。此处为it的形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。
考查名词的复数形式。few修饰可数名词复数,故其后的名词需用复数形式。
考查冠词。one...the other...“(两者中的)一个……另外一个……”,为固定结构。


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