马云买下肯德基-北京大学考研成绩查询

2012年英语二 Text 1
1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many
parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School
districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are
revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事).
Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的)
policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced
courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s
academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学 生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作
业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相 关惯例做法。不幸的是，
洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占
比例不可以超过10%。
is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）
[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）
[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）
2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from
impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.
But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should
be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if
the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their
homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close
to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
这个规定旨在提出：来 自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭
作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有 哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵
设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通 过
的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
d has made the rule about homework mainly because poor
students_____。
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework

[D]have voiced their complaints about homework
3---District administrators say that homework will still be a part
of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.
But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students
can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their
report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without
completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well
on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework
helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for
their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the- board rule。
区政府官员说，家庭作业仍将是学校教育的一部分：老师允许布置他 想布置
的作业。但家庭作业算入他们成绩的比例不能超过10%的话，学生就能逃避一半
家庭作 业，成绩报告单上看不出差别。有些学生可能不做完家庭作业也能取得好
成绩。但想想那些做家庭作业并 取得考试好成绩的学生吧，家庭作业完全有可能
帮助了他们。但是，老师没有得到授权去寻找什么作业最 适合学生，该政策给老
师强加了一条无聊的一刀切规则。
ing to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it
may____。
[A]discourage students from doing homework
[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards
[C]undermine the authority of state tests
[D]restrict teachers' power in education
4---At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny
questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant
to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or
eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing.
Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant
portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that
the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age
and the subject, or that teachers aren't assigning more than they're
willing to review and correct.
同时，该政策没有处理家 庭作业真正棘手的问题。如果该学区发现家庭作业
对于孩子的学业是不重要的，它就应该减少或者免除家 庭作业，而不是减少所占
比分。相反，如果家庭作业重要，它就应该在成绩中重要比重。同时，该政策没

有确保学生做的家庭作业是否是有意义的，或者是否适合他们年龄和所上学科，
或者老师是否不过量布置作业。
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework
is whether______.
[A] it should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling（count表示重要）
[C] it places extra burdens on teachers
[D]it is important for grades
原版5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,
which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter
and conducts public hearings. It's not too late for L.A. Unified to do
homework right.
5---The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which
is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and
conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do
homework right。
学校董 事会是教育政策的制定者，在它调查此事并进行公众意见听证会的时
候，家庭作业的规则应该暂停实施。 洛杉矶学区要处理好家庭作业这件事还是来
得及的。
25. A suitable title for this text could be______。
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework （原文标题）
2012年英语二 Text 2
1--- Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with
the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that
pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,
though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly
fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection,
even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as
evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack
of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。

穿粉红色好看：成年女性记不起对于颜色的困惑了，然而，年轻 女孩普遍有
这个问题。不是粉红本来不好，但是它是彩虹的一小份而已。虽然从某个程度上
来说 有助于烘托女孩，但它也会不断融化女孩们的特征。那么它不但能在天真的
女孩之间而且还能在天真的证 据事实前提供那种连接，甚至两岁的孩子。四周看
看，我绝望的看到对于女孩生活和兴趣格外缺乏想象力 。
saying ，the author means
pink______。
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood 不应该是女孩的唯
一代表
[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence
[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
2--- Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in
their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of
American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until
the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all
babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting
clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore
what were thought of as gender- neutral dresses. When nursery colours were
introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a
pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its
intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized
femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex
differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink
fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to
girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few
critical years。
女孩喜欢粉色似乎不可避免，似乎DNA编码就是这样，但根据Jo Paoletti，
美国 马里兰大学美国研究副教授的说法，情况不是这样的。20世纪初期前的孩
子们原来根本不分颜色:在家 用洗衣机问世之前的时代里,所有的婴儿都穿白色,
因为要让衣服干净的唯一方法是煮沸衣服. 还有, 那时的男孩女孩都穿中性的
衣服。当托儿所色彩引入后，粉红色当时被认为是更有男性特征的颜色，红色 的
清淡版和力量相关。蓝色象征着女性，代表圣母玛利亚，坚贞与忠诚。到了80
年代中期，年 龄增大和两性差别成为幼儿用品市场的主要销售战略时，粉色变得

很受女孩们的喜欢，成 为定义女性特征的一部分，至少在起初的那几个关键年份
女孩们都这样。
27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？
[A] Colours are encoded in girls' DNA。（误解原文）
[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls。√
[C] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolizing genders。应该是
masculine colour
[D] White is preferred by babies。
3---I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our
perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about
their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase
was something experts developed after years of research into children’s
behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of
childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing
manufacturers in the 1930s。
我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的
天性，包括他们的心 理发展这种核心信念。带上你的小孩儿。我认为这个短语至
少是博士级别的专家对幼儿行为几年的研究才 发明的语言：错啦。根据幼儿消费
历史学家Daniel Cook的说法，这个短语是三十年代流行起来的，是制衣商进行
市场营销的花招。
author suggests that our perception of children's psychological
development was much influenced by_____。
[A]the marketing of products for children
[B]the observation of children's nature
[C]researches into children's behavior
[D]studies of childhood consumption
4--- Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to
increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between
infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler”became
a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted
developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier
categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the
easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or
invent them where they did not previously exist。

贸易出版物给百货大 楼提议，要增加销售，应该在婴儿服装和儿童服装之间
创造“第三过渡阶段”服装，这个词成为“蹒跚学 步者”之后的常见销售术语，
后来演变为人们广泛接受的孩子发展阶段。把孩子，或者成年人分类成更小 的种
类已经证实是条必定成功的方法来扩大利润。对市场进行细分的最简单的方法就
是扩大性别 差异---或者创造出一些原来就没有的差异。
sure-fire 一定成功的, 一定能达到目的的
may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised
to_____。
[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes 错
[B]attach equal importance to different genders
[C]classify consumers into smaller groups √ 类似第一句话，也是本段主
题
[D]create some common shoppers' terms 表面的建议
can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____。
[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency 源于销售策略
[B] fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen √
[D]well interpreted by psychological experts

2012年英语二 Text 3
1---In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades——by 2005 some
20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that
genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The
Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)，a trade group, assured members
that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.
2010年, 一个联邦法官对美国生物科技 行业产生了巨大影响。各家公司早
就获得了单个DNA的专利，2005年大约有20%的人类基因被授 予专利。但2010
年3月，一位法官判决基因是不能授予专利的。执行高管们一下燥热不安。生物科技行业组织(BIO)是贸易组织，该组织认为这个判决是长期斗争的一个前奏。
31. It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would
like
A. their executives to be active
B. judges to rule out gene patenting 正反

C. genes to be patentable √
D. the BIO to issue a warning 主观推导
2--- On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal
appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics
could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk
of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said
the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
7月29日，他 们放松了一下，至少暂时放松了一会儿。联邦上诉法院推翻
了前面的判决，认为Myriad Gene tics的确可以持有的两个帮助预测女性乳腺癌
的基因专利。位于犹他州的Myriad首席执行官说 ，这个判决对于公司和患者都
是一种赐福。
3---But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine,
the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably
not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene
is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress
innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access
to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last
year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic
tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad
case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of
nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton
seeds.” Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain
unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole
genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may
yet reach the Supreme Court。
但是，正当公司继续 试图个性化医疗的时候，法院将继续忙于此事。Myriad
案本身可能不会结束。批评人士有三个理由 反对基因专利：基因是自然的产物，
所以不可以给予专利；基因专利不会鼓励创新反而会打压创新；基因 垄断企业比
如Myriad会限制其它公司进行基因测试。越来越多的人似乎同意这种说法。去
年，联邦特派组敦促基因检测专利改革。十月，司法部在Myriad案中发表声明，
单个DNA分子和 从棉籽上分离出来的棉纤维一样，都是自然的产物。尽管上诉法
院作出这样的判决，但是重要的问题仍然 没有得到回答。比如说，基因组序列是
否违背了其中单个基因专利仍无定论，这个问题可能要到最高法院 裁决。
genome ['dʒi:nəum] n. 基因组, 染色体组

32. Those who are against gene patents believe that
A. genetic tests are not reliable 无中生有
B. only man-made products are patentable √ 第一个理由，自然的产物不
能给专利
C. patents on genes depend much on innovation 自然产物，不是创新来的，
D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests 偷换主语，patents'
monopolies
4---As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even
greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human
DNA molecules——most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms
are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might
be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.
Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots”, explains
Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO。
但是，随着该行业的发展，其它的案例可能会有更 大的影响力。公司不大可
能申请到更多的人类DNA专利——有些已经被其它公司申请或者处于共同申请
的领域。公司正在研究基因是如何相互作用的，基因的相关性可以用来判断疾病
的起因或者预测 药物的功效。BIO的律师Hans Sauer解释道，公司渴望获得专
利来以便归纳推理得出结论。
注：connect the dots：To link together logically related elements in order
to draw a conclusion
33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for----
A. establishing disease correlations （B似乎也行，但主要目的是A，而
且概率选A好）
B. discovering gene interactions
C. drawing pictures of genes
D. identifying human DNA
5---Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,
brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next
term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach
lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed。
他们是否成功可能要由Mayo Clinic 带来的这个案件的诉讼情况决定。最高
法院将在下一轮审理此案。生物科技行业组织(BIO)最近开会 讨论聘用律师来处
理摇摆不定的专利案。每个会议都人满为患。

34. By saying “each meeting was packed” (line4,para6) the author means
that
A. the Supreme Court was authoritative
B. the BIO was a powerful organization
C. gene patenting was a great concern（主题词）比D好
D. lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is
A. critical B. supportive
C. scornful D. objective

2012年英语二 Text 4
本文讲经济衰败带来的好处（1-2段）和坏处（345段）。
1---The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is
probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course
and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely
to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society
for years。
大萧条也许结束了,但高失业率可能正在抬头。在情 况没有变好之前，这将
可能改变人生的过程和刚成年一代人们的特点。最终，这种情况还有可能改变我< br>们长期形成的政策，文化以及社会的特点。
2---No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in
this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while
extremely painful, had improved them in some ways：they had become less
materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the
struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave
society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national
fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to
an era of reckless personal spending。
没有人会比失业者更想在全国经济灾难中看到希望。许多人说 ，虽然痛苦，
失业也能提升自己：他们不再物质至上，更加节俭；他们更加注意到其它人的辛
苦 。在有限的方面，萧条可以使社会得到好转。至少，使我们从暴富和大别墅的
狂热幻境中苏醒过来，及时 结束挥金如土的消费时代。
注：silver linings n. (不幸或失望中的) 一线希望，

saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest
that the jobless try to___。
[A] seek subsidies from the government 无中生有
[B] explore reasons for the unemployment ×无中生有
[C] make profits from the troubled economy ×无中生有
[D] look on the bright side of the recession √ 下文讲的就是好处，上
下文原则
ing to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people_____。
[A]realize the national dream无中生有，正反混淆
[B]struggle against each other
[C]challenge their lifestyle
[D]reconsider their lifestyle √
3---But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far
off. In
The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth
, the economic historian
Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy
periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society
more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or
reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment
typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。
但对于大多数人，这些好处似乎不够，不确定，而且离个人太远。Benjamin
Frie dman是经济历史学家，在《经济增长的道德结果》一书中，他认为不管美
国还是其它国家，长期经济 滞后或下跌总是使得社会人民更加小心眼，不能全面
看问题，经常使得人权和自由的停滞不前或者倒退。 反移民情绪尤其高涨，种族
矛盾，阶层矛盾也高涨。
in Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____。
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants 无中生有
[B]bring out more evils of human nature √
[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms 正反
[D]ease conflicts between races and classes 正反
4---Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has
not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may
reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them---
especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the
economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating

into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from
elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would
have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath
them that are left behind。
萧条期的收入不均的情况通常会好转，但这次没有。的确，这次经济衰退可
能会加强阶级隔阂，减少弥补的机会---- 尤其对于年轻人来说。哥伦比亚大学经
济学家Till Von Wachter的研究表示，不是所有 人都毕业就进入萧条，就看到
自己的人生机会渺茫：从精英大学毕业的人会快速赶上他本该拥有的职位； 落后
的人不是别人正是他们底下的普通大众。
research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates
from elite universities tend to _____。
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’
[D]recover more quickly than the others
5---In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment
that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in
the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting
society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially
tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a
variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed
results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will
reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all
the more so the longer they extend。
注：lean time n. 拮据时期
在互联网时代，很容易看到美国社会的各种愤 怒之声。这个时候，更难区分
清楚这些艰难困苦是如何影响社会国民性格的。从很多方面来讲，美国进入 这次
萧条要比历史上任何时期都更有社会容忍度，但此后对社会冲突的各种全国民意
调查喜忧参 半。我们还得等等看，这些困难时如何重塑我们的社会结构的。但是，
这些困难肯定会重塑美国，而且时 间越长影响越大。
author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。
[A]certain [B]positive [C]trivial [D]destructive