英语国家社会与文化入门练习整理
面向大海-深圳中招网
英语国家社会与文化入门练习
Book1
Exercise One
（Book1 Unit1）
Anglo-Saxons began to settle in
Britain in the fifth century.
Arthur was
legendary hero supposed to have fought against the
Saxons.
Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the
only area they did not subdue therein was
Scotland.
most important part of the UK in
wealth is England.
were ironworkers,
practiced farmers and they drained much of the
marshlands and built
houses. But they didn't
speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own
language.
real Roman conquest of Britain
began in 43AD.
English are mainly decendants
of Anglo-Sanxon.
was the national hero during
the fighting against Danes.
h Channel separate
Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.
m
was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day
of 1066.
population of the UK consist of the
English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish.
m, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William
the Conqueror.
nd occupies the northern
portion of Great Britain.
rgh is the capital
of Scotland.
is mainly spoken in Scotland.
14th century, Wales was effectively united
with England.
Exercise Two（Book1 Unit3）
the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported
Oliver Cromwell, while the
“cavalier”supported
Charles I.
ment in Britain, strictly speaking,
consists of three elements: The Queen(The
Sovereign), the
House of Lords and the House
of Commons.
House of Commons is the source of
real political power in the United Kingdom.
Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King
John in 1215.
spirit of the Magna Carta was
the limitation of the powers of the king.
l
clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of
Kings”.
Prime Minister of Britain was
appointed by Queen.
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by
the Monarch, but
ruled by the government.
real power of the House of Lords lies
in discussing bills.
Exercise Three（Book1
Unit4）
1.A general election is held normally
every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of
Brirain.（p50）
the help of DECC, the UK Low
Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK
goverment.
（p56）
majority of the working
lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who
earned their titles
through their outstanding
achievement.（p58）
the House of Commons is a
“vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）
the
general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500
pounds, which is returned if he or she
receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）
Labour Party is the primary opposition to the
Conservatives.（p52）
. Margaret Thatcher, a
Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed
Privatization; the keeping
of law and order;
self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the
trade unions.
et Thatcher carried out the
economic policy of privatization to revitalize
British economy in
the 1980s.
cal change
in England came mainly through gradual reform.
Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）
far as the
religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland
who are loyal to the British
goverment are
mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic
of Ireland are mainly
Catholics.
'
language survived through history and Irish is the
first official language of the
Republic of
Ireland.
ianity was brought to Ireland by
Saint Patrick in the 5th century.
1800, Irish
parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of
Union was signed, and
Ireland was officially a
part of Brirain.
1870, a constitutional
movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by
Isac Butt.
ancestors of the Irish are the
Celts.
Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the
6th century.
bought a legal system-the Brehon
law, to the island of Ireland.
Home Rule Bill
was finally passed in 1914.
political party,
Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.
the Celtic Brehon law, women were
given more rights in Ireland than in the British
colonial period.
Book1 Unit15
first
group of English were brought in Australia as
convicts in 1788 by the First Fleet.
Dreaming
is the oldest religion on Australia.
us,
kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia
continent.
lia was essentially unknown in the
West until the 17th centry.
Dreaming is the
most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）
first industries that were developed after
the settlement were the sealing industries.
original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.
the policy of assimilation, children were
taken away from their parents to be placed in
church-run institutions and the missionaries
on the “protected reserves”.
Book1 Unit16
anism is one of the many forms of
Protestantism.（p258）
of sports in Australia
are high particularly in both water sports and
team sports.
sm, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism
are the major forms of non-Christian religions in
Australia
except Catholicism.
most
popular sport in Australia is football.
Book2
Exercise 5（Unit1）
the north, a series of
large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.（F）（p3）
most of New Zealand's forest has been turned
into golf course.（F）（p4）
New Zealand, you can
see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）
Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）
Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their
own written languages and recorded
their
history in written form.（F）（p10）
1642 the
Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first
confirmed Eiropean discovery of New
Zealand.（F）（p10）
Zealand's highest peak
is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the
central Southern Alps.
（p3）
Zealand
consists of two main lands: North Island and South
Island.（p3）
Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in
the center, runs almost the whole length of the
South Island.
（p3）
gton is the capital of
New Zealand.（p4）
three-quarters of the
population (including more than 95% of the Maori)
live on the North
Island.（p6）
first
European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel
Tasman.（p10）
Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was
an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori
people and
the British Crown.（p10）
the
first environmental legislation in the world, the
Resource Management Act focuses on the
effect
of human activities on the environment.（p6）
nd, the country's largest urban area, is
located on the North Island.（p6）
1975, the
Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past
wrongs and Maori grievances.
（p9）
Unit3
opher Columbus discovered America in the year
of 1947.（F）（p33）
1607,Britain planted its
firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now
Virginia.（T）（p35）
second President John Adams
completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than
doubled
the size of the United States.（F）（p47）
Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican
statesman, 3rd President of US, made the
Louisiana Purchase in 1803.
5.“All men are
created equal” is from the document called The
Declaration of Independence.
（p42）
Treaty
of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the
independence of the United States
and granted
the new nation all the territory north of Florida,
South of Canada and east of Mississipi
river.（p42）
principal author of The
Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.
important thing done in the Second
Continental Congress was that Washington was
appointed
commander of the army.（p42）
9.13
continental states are there at the time of
independence of the United States.（p42）
Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into
Puritanism.（p33）
Exercise Six
Unit4
an
president is elected directly by the voters of the
nation (all the citizens of the US).
practice
of judicial review, an important feature of the
American legal system is a crucial
weapon in
the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）
ing to the
principle of checks and balances, the president
has to share power with the
legislative and
the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）
of the bills
introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes
law. （F）（p54）
American government has always
been playing an unimportant role in the
development of
American economy.（F）（p57）
ss can override the president's veto by a two-
thirds vote.
all federal judges, the Supreme
Court justices, are appointed by the president and
confirmed
by the Senate.（p54）
role of
American presidents includes command the armed
forces, negotiate and sign treaty
and appoint
certain personnel except pass law.
the United
States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is
heard first before a federal district
judge,
and then appeal may be made to the Federal Court
of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme
Court.（p55）
most important of the US
Supreme Court, known as the power of judicial
review consists of
determining whether
congressional legislation or executive action
violates the constitution.
Constitution
defines distinct powers for the Congress of the
United States, the president, and
the federal
courts. This division of authority is known as a
system of checks and balances, and it
ensures
that none of the branches of government can
dominate the others.
Unit8
ing to
US laws, American children must go to school until
they are at least 16 years old.
（p119）
an
public schools are supported by taxes and
controlled by the federal government.（F）
（p119）
ous doctrines can be taught in American public
schools.（F）（p119）
d University was founded in
1636.（p121）
college in America is two-year
college.（p123）
Exercise seven（unit14）
I.
True or False
1. The most dramatic crisis of
the Cold War was the Cuban Crisis.T
2. In the
aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack,
President Bush ordered the
invasion of Iraq in
2001, and then Afghanistan in 2003.F（p225）
3.
The credibility of the Bush administration was
significantly improved when the
Saddam regime
was found possessing weapons of mass destruction
(WMD).F
（p226）
4. Mr. Barack Obama is the
first Hispanic American president ever elected in
the US
history.F
5. Most significantly,
Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the US
wanted to
improve its relations with the
Muslim world.F（p227）
II. Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following did NOT take place
in the Nixon administration?C
A.
Vietnamization.
C. Watergate Scandal.
B.
Cuban Missile Crisis.
D. Re-establishing US
relations with China.
2. The formal diplomatic
relation between China and the US was established
under
President ________.A
A. Nixon B.
Bush C. Carter D. Reagan
3. Who is the
founding leader of the terrorist organization al-
Qaeda, wildly known as
the culprit behind the
terrorist attacks on the United States?C
A.
Adolf Hitler.
C. Bin Laden.
B. Saddam
Hussein.
D. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
4. Which
of the following US administrations launched the
first Gulf War?
A. The Clinton administration.
C. The Obama administration.
B. The Bush
(Jr.) administration.
D. The Bush (Sr.)
administration.
5. The two Germanys, which had
been separated since the end of Word WII, were
reunited in ____A____.
A. 1990 B. 1991 C.
1989 D. 1999
6. In which of the following year
did September 11 Attacks happen in the United
States
and kill more than 3,000 people?B
A. 2000. B. 2001. C. 2002. D. 2003.
7. Who
was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy
in July 2009?C
A. Gary F. Locke. B. Maya Lin.
C. Stephen Chu D. Elaine Chao.
8. Where did
President Obama make his historical speech whereby
he announced a
major change in US policy
towards the Muslim world?D
A. Damascus,
Lebanon.
C. Ankara, Turkey.
III. Blank
Filling
1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet
Union disintegrated in 1991, leaving the United
States as the dominant military power.
2.
Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime
change formed the core elements of
Bush
Doctrine.
3. By the end of his first year in
office, views on Obama’s foreign policy record
proved
more positive than negative.
B.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
D. Cairo Egypt.
IV. Matching
Match the US president
with the event that took place in his presidency.
A
1) Abraham Lincoln
2) Franklin D.
Roosevelt
3) John F. Kennedy
4) Lyndon B.
Johnson
5) Richard Nixon
6) George Bush
(Sr.)
7) Bill Clinton
8) George W. Bush
(Jr.)
Exercise Eight
I. True or False
(Unit 17)
1. The Group of Severn refers to
a group of painters in the 1900s.F
2. Quebec
is the largest province in area and population.F
3. The first major waves of immigration
happened in the first half of the 20th century.G
(Unit 18)
4. Governor Generals represent
the Queen of England in Canada and usually serve
for
one term of seven years.F
5. British
and French political traditions have an important
influence on the formation
of the Canadian
political system.F
6. The Senate is also an
elected body of men and women, representing four
main
regions in Canada.F
7. In Canada,
local governments are subordinate to the
provincial governments, and
provincial
governments are subordinate to the federal
government.F
(Unit 19)
8. The Métis played
an important role in fur trade between the First
people and the
Europeans.T
9. The major
economic activity during colonial times was the
fur trade.F
10. In Canada, immigration remains
an explosive political issue.T
B
a. War on
Poverty
b. Rapid development in IT Industry
c. Gulf War
d. Civil War
e. War on
Terrorism
f. Cuban Missile Crisis
g. New
Deal
h. Watergate Scandal
II. Blank
Filling
(Unit 17)
1. Most of the
inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal
peoples.
2. The western-most province is
British Columbia, which has three major mountain
ranges running through it, among which the
largest one is the Rockies.
3. Lake Louise,
located in the Rockies, is probably the most
famous image of the
Canadian landscape.
4.
The prairies are flat and featureless and have a
harsh continental climate.
5. The prairies are
called Canada's breadbasket because the terrain is
well-suited to
farming.
6. Ontario and
Quebec are the most densely populated provinces.
Over half of Canada's
population live in the
two provinces.
7. Newfoundland was the last
province to join Canada in 1949.
(Unit 18)
8. Canada?s political system reflects the two
major foreign forces on the historical
development of the country: Britain and the
United States.
9. Canada's system of
government was based on the British system of
parliamentary
democracy. This is often
referred to as ?West-minster-style? democracy.
10. Canada was the first political community
to combine federalism with a British system
of
government.
11. The Canadian parliament is
divided into a lower house, the House of Commons,
and
an upper house called the Senate.
(Unit 19)
12. The Inuit used to be called
the non-Indian peoples.
13. Canada?s
aboriginal peoples were forced to live on
reserves.
14. During the 1930s, the period of
the Great Depression, Canada?s immigration market
was open only to Britons and Americans.
15. In more recent years, the federal
government encouraged Asian immigration,
offering passports to those with capital and
or entrepreneurial skills, by passing the
Immigration Act of 1976.
16.
Because of the racist, overtones and the purely
economic concerns in its immigration
policies,
Canada looks hardheaded rather than humanitarian.
III. Multiple Choice
(Unit 17)
1.
________ is the capital of Canada.C
A.
Vancouver B. Toronto C. Ottawa D. Montreal
2.
Canada ranks ________ in land area in the world.A
A. second B. first C. third D. fourth
3.
________ are the two official languages in
Canada.B
A. French and Indian B. English and
French
C. English and Italian D. Italian and
French
4. Almost half land area of Canada is
covered by ________.A
A. forests B. deserts C.
swamps D. bogs
5. The majority of French-
speaking Canadians live in ________.C
A. New
Brunswick
C. Quebec
(Unit 18)
6. In
Canada the Head of State is ________.A
A. the
prime minister
C. Queen Elizabeth II
B.
the governor-general
D. the leader of the
majority party
B. Ontario
D. Nova Scotia
7. The parliament of Canada is made up of all
the following except ________.A
A. the Crown
C. the House of Commons
(Unit 19)
8.
Indigenous peoples make up about 4% of the
Canadian people. They are ________.B
A.
Indians and Africans
C. Eskimos and Aborigines
B. Aborigines and Indians
D. American
Indians and Inuit
B. the Senate
D. the
National Assembly
9. Immigrants from central
and eastern Europe were encouraged to settle the
prairies
and develop the ________.B
A.
agriculture
C. forestry
B. mining industry
D. fishing industry
10. After World
War II, Canada opened its doors again to
immigrants from aboard, but
restriction on
________ persisted.D
A. Briton
C. Northern
Europeans
B. Americans
D. Asians
11.
The city of ________ is home to the second largest
Chinese community in North
America.B
A.
Ottawa
B. Vancouver C. Toronto D.
Montreal