调动工作申请书-六年级语文寒假作业

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

单元要点预览
词语
辨析
1. loudly loud aloud 2. unlike dislike
3. remain leave
4. climate weather 5. now that since because as
1. violent adj.
强暴的，猛烈的
violence n.暴力，强violently adv. 强暴
暴；猛烈 地；猛烈地
2. fundamental adj.基本
fundamentally adv.
fundament n. 基础；
(础)的n.[pl.]基本原
基本地；根本地
则(法则)
3. development n.
词
汇
部
分
词
形
变
化
生长，发展；新情况
develop vt.
发展；产生
vi.生长；发展
developed adj. 发达
的developing adj. 发
展的
根本
4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产lie vi. 躺，平放；lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎
(蛋)
lay---laid---laid---layi
ng
5. prevent vt.
预防，防止
6. gentle adj.
和蔼的；轻柔的
7. physics n.
物理，物理学
位于
lie---lay ---lain---lyi
ng
prevention n.预防；preventable adj.可防
阻止；妨碍 止的，可预防的
lie ---lied---lied---lyin
g
gently adv.温和地；

静静地
physicist n.
物理学家
physical adj.身体的；
物理(学)的；物质的

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法
2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)
重
点
3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的
4. exist vi. 存在；生存
单词 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题
6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
7. cheer vt.&vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼
1. to begin with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
2. in time 及时；最终；迟早
重
点
词
组
3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着
4. prevent...from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事
5. block out 挡住（光线）
6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班学开张
7. break out (灾难、战争等)突发；爆发
8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce
the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,
重点句
子
which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere.
2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.
3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as
on the earth and fell over.
重点语
法

语言要点
Ⅰ.词语辨析
宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）

1. loudly loud aloud
【解释】
loudly adv 响亮地，高声地
loud adjadv 与sing, speak, talk连用
aloud adv 相对默读而言；出声
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Will you please speak ______?
2). It is good for you to read English ______ every morning.
3). The bomb exploded ______.
4). Is her voice ______ enough ?
5). Action speaks ______ than words (事实胜于雄辩).

2. unlike dislike
【解释】
unlike prep. 不像，和……不同 adj. [作表语] 不相似；不同
dislike vt.n. 不喜爱，厌恶
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). A good hotel manager should know his regular guests’ likes and ______.
2). Her latest novel is quite ______ her earlier work.
3). If you go on like that you’ ll get yourself _______ (like).
4). I was very interested in the lecture, ______ many of the students.

3. remainleave
【解释】
remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下
常用句型：remain + n. 仍然是 remain + . 仍然是
remain + v-edv-ing 仍然是 remain to be done有待去做，依然要做
leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态
﹑某地等
常用句型：leave sb. sth. leave sth. to sb. 给某人留下某物
leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下(某物) leave sth to sb 将某物遗赠给某人

remainingleft两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩 下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之
前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Someone ______ you this note while you were out.
2). After the earthquake, little ______ of the village.
3). He used the ______ money to buy a dictionary.
4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money______.
5). Arriving home, I found that I’ d ______ my key in the office.
6). Don’ t leave her ______ (wait) outside in the rain.
7). She remained _______ (change) after all these years.
8). A great many things remain _______ (do).

4. climate weather
【解释】
climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；
weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the _______ is fine.
2). A drier _______ would be good for your health.
3). I couldn’t imagine what it would be like to live in a hot ________.
4). The _______ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad
________.

5. now that since because as
【解释】
都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也
用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是sincenow that，表示已知或明
显 的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并
列分句，表推测或判断的 原因，前面有逗号隔开。
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
2) It was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school.
3). It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet.
4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely.

Ⅱ.词性变化
1. violent adj.强暴的，猛violence n.暴力，强暴；猛violently adv. 强暴地；猛
烈的 烈 烈地
2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. 基本fundament n. 基础；根本
(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则地；根本地
(法则)
3. development n.生长，
发
展；新情况
4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产lie vi. 躺，平放；位于
(蛋)
lay---laid ---laid---layin
g
5. prevent vt. 预防，防止 prevention n.预防；阻止；preventable adj.可防止的，
妨碍
6. gentle adj.轻柔的
7. physics n.物理，物理
学
可预防的
lie---lay---lain---lying
lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎
lie---lied---lied---lying
develop vt.发展；产生
vi.生长；发展
developed adj. 发达的
developing adj. 发展的
gently adv.温和地；静静地

physicist n.物理学家 physical adj.身体的；物理
(学)的；物质的

【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just
now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before.
2). In my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment.
3). Some programs on the Internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex.
4). With the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is
caused.
5). China is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world.
6). There are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and
mine.
7). His ambition is to become a great ________ (physics).
Ⅲ.重点词汇
1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的
[典例]
1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的
八颗行星。
2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.
2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)
[典例]
1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。
2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁?
[重点用法] lay短语：
lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）
lay the blame on sb.责备某人 lay sth. down 把某物放下
lay the table 摆桌子 lay emphasis stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.

2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual
responsibility.
3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）
[典例]
Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.
很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。
[重点用法]
be harmful to . 对……有害
do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.
2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to
their growth.
3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
_____________________________ ________________________________________

4. exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在
[典例]
1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?
2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。
[重点用法]
exist + prep. 存在于地方 exist on sth. 靠某物生存
[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia.
2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary?
3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.

5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题
puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的
[典例]
1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
[重点用法]
sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑为难
sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑
puzzle aboutover sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）
puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁
solve a puzzle 解决一个难题
[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.
2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.
3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.
4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.
5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.
6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without
telling anyone.

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
[典例]
1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。
2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.
我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
[重点用法]
pull ahead (of sbsth) 领先（於某人物）
pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）

pull off (sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下） pull out (sth.)
拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）
[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.
2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.
3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer.

7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼
cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的
[典例]
1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。
[重点用法]
cheer sb. on为某人加油 cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活
pull together 同心协力；通力合作
[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.
2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.
3). You look as though you need ______ up.

Ⅳ.重点词组
1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
[典例]
To beginstart with, I couldn’ t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。
[重点用法]
beginstart with 从……开始 beginstart sth with 从……开始……
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.
2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.
3). ____ ____ _____, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.

2. in time 及时；最终；迟早
[典例]
1). They caught the bus in time. 他们及时赶上了汽车。
2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功
的。
[短语归纳] time短语：
in time for sth. to do sth. 及时；不迟 in no time 立刻；马上 at no time永不……
at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度 at a time 一次；每次
at times = sometimes 有时 all the time 一直；始终；老是
on time 按时；准时
by the time到……的时候为止 for the time being 暂时；暂且
take one’ s time不着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间
from time to time 不时地，间或 many a time 常常；多次
once upon a time 从前
at the same time 同时；尽管如此 ahead of time 提前，提早
race against time 争分夺秒
time and again 一次又一次；重复地 keep time (钟表)走得准



keep bad time（钟、表）走得不准 take one’ s time 慢慢来，别急
have a goodnicehard time (in) doing sth 做某事很……
It’ s (highabout) time that sb. did should do sth. 是做某事的时候了

[练习] 用time短语填空。
1). They sent the mail to me just _______ _______, before I 1eft.
2). William arrived at the theatre just _______ _______ for the play was to be on.
3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _______ _______ _______.
4). _______ _______ _______ will I give up.
5). The boy laughed and cried _______ _______ ______ ______.
6). _______ _______ _______ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he
devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.
7). Don’t try to do everything at once; take it a bit _______ _______ _______.

8). You’ll have your own office soon, but _______ _______ _______ _______ you’ ll
have to share one with me.

3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着
[典例]
I will see you, each in your turn. 我将要一个接着一个地看你。
[短语归纳] turn短语：
in turn轮流；一个接着一个

by turns轮流；一阵……一阵……
take turns (to do sth.)轮流（做某物）
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1). She went hot and cold _______ _______.
2). 我们轮流着开车。
_________________________________________________ ____________________

3). 今天轮到谁发言了？
___ __________________________________________________ ________________

4. prevent...from = stop...from = keep....from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事
[典例]
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’ s game.
他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。
【用法辨析】注意: prevent stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from
doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之
意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’ s doing sth. 作宾
语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keep sb’ s doing sth. 的
句型。
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1). Doctors took action to _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (防止这种疾
病的蔓延).
2). Of course I can’ t _______ your going abroad.

3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。
___________________ __________________________________________________

5. block out 挡住（光线）
[典例]
That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
[短语归纳] out短语：
break out 爆发，发生 burst out 大声喊叫，突然…起来
go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄
put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是
help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
look out留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防

find out 找出，查明，发现
pick out挑出，辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说
think out仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）
hang out 挂出，闲逛 knocked out (拳击中)击倒，打昏

sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销
turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽
check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去
hand out 分发，散发 give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)
[练习] 用out短语填空。
1). At the end of the race his legs _______ _______ and he collapsed on the ground.
2). It’ s easy to _______ him _______ in a crowd because he is very tall.
3). His nwe book will _______ _______ next month.
4). We thought it was going to rain; it _______ _______ to be a find day.
5). We _______ _______ offrom our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.

6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班学开张
[典例]
Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。

[短语归纳] off短语：
get off 下车 fall off 从……摔下来

take off 脱下；起飞
pay off 付清，还清



keep off 远离 turn off 关闭
set...off 给……送行
jump off 跳下
kick off 踢球
give off 散发 show off 炫耀 shut off 关闭
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译。
1). It is a Sunday and we _______ _______ (不用上班) today.
2). Her husband _______ _______ on a business trip somewhere.
3). There we saw a sign reading, “_______ _______ the grass”.
4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _______ _______ all her debts.

7. break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发
[典例]
Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
[短语归纳] break短语：
break away from 脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）
划谈判)失败
break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体) break off (使)停止；中断；折断
break into sth. 强行进入某处
[练习] 用break短语填空。
1). A terrible tsunami _______ _______ in the southeastern countries of Asia at
Christmas, 2004.
2). When do you _______ _______ for Christmas?
3). Negotiations between the two sides have _______ _______.
4). His house was _______ _______ last week.

8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防
[典例]
Watch out! There’ s a car coming. 小心! 汽车来了。
break one’ s wordpromise食言；说话不算数
break down毁掉；坏掉；(计

[重点用法]
watch out for sbsth 警惕或注意某人事物
[练习] 用watch短语填空。
1). There must have been an angel _______ _______ me that day.
2). What problems should I _______ _______ _______ when buying an old house?
3). You’ ll become an alcoholic if you don’ t _______ _______.

Ⅴ.重点句子
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water
vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the
earth’ s atmosphere.
它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最 终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮
和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
[解释]“be + 不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上
级 对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：
1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after
class. 你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2). The worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情还会发生。
3). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A
meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我们明天将开会。
4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 这趟火车将于上午10: 25到达北
京。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you ______ ______ ______ to
her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)
2). The worst is still ______ ______ (come).
3). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow.
= We ______ ______ ______ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is ______ ______
______ tomorrow.
watch over 保护；照看

4). 这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
____________ __________________________________________________ _______
2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.
那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
[解释] 此 句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正
宾语是不定式复合结构，“ for live to begin to develop”，宾语补足语是possible。
再如：She made it her business to find out who was responsible.
她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.
2). I find it hard to get along with him.
3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA. 他发现不可能离开德国
去美国了。
4). I thinkfindfeelconsider it my duty to help you.我觉得我有责任帮助你。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (规定) to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.
2). I ______ ______ ______ (发现很难) to get along with him．
3). 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
______________________________ _______________________________________
4). 我觉得我有责任帮助你。
__________________________________ ___________________________________
3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth
and fell over.而当我 试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨
度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[解释] twice as...as... “是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1). 倍数+ as + . + as “是……的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.
2). 倍数+ .比较级+ than “比……(多大)几倍”My room is twice larger than
his.
3). 倍数+ the +表示长度高度宽度等的名词+ of “是……的长度高度宽度几倍”
My room is twice the size of his.

注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。例如：
1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than
that one.
= This ruler is three times the length of that one. 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
2). There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的学生是我们预计的五
倍。
[解释] twice as ... as... 是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1). 倍数 + as + . + as “是……的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.
2). 倍数 + .比较级 + than “比……(多大)几倍”My room is twice larger
than his.
3). 倍数+ the +表示长度高度宽度等的名词+ of “是……的长度高度宽度几倍”
My room is twice the size of his.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
1). 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
_______________________________ ______________________________________
2). 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
There are ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ we expected.

课文要点
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
As the result of 1
(move) around the sun. The gasses which were to make the earth's 2 （大气
层）came into being from the explosion of the dust ball, with water 3 (follow)
them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning for life. Many millions of
years 4 , the first 5 (极度的) small plants began to appear 6 the
surface of the water, 7 (繁殖) and filling the sea and oceans, which
encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As time

passed, green plants taking carbon dioxide and producing 8 （氧气）came to land
and grew into forest. Later the chains of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians,
reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals, the typical of 9 is human being. They don't
only do 10 to the earth but cause damage to it.

Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写
1【原句】What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years
ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
[模仿要点] 句子结构： what＋主语从句＋is … till +时间名词＋定语从句
【模仿1】他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。
_______ __________________________________________________ ____________
【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业 以
后才知道。
___________________________________ __________________________________

2【原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed
the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
[模仿要点] 句子结构: 主语从句＋ is ＋ that表语从句
【模仿1】他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。
______ __________________________________________________ _____________
【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。
_ __________________________________________________ __________________

3【原句】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which
encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：which 引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。
【模仿1】我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏
_____________ __________________________________________________ ______

【模仿2】她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们 的急救，这使得我们
意识到学习急救的必要性。
____________________ _________________________________________________
单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A 、B、C和D项中，
选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Who said: ！，
not all 1 thing. When life gives you a
kick, let it kick you 2 ! In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway 3 something
about 4 to succeed as a writer when
5 struck. He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts (手稿) that he had been
planning to publish.
Hemingway couldn't imagine doing his work all over again. All those months of
writing were simply 6 .
He told a friend about his bad luck, who told him it was actually very good 7 !
He assured (向...保证) Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories, he would forget
the 8 parts; only the best material would reappear. He encouraged Hemingway
to start again, but with optimism and 9 this time. Hemingway did rewrite the
stories and eventually became a world-famous writer.
Don't pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability. Don't ask for smaller
challenges; ask for greater 10 . When life gives you a kick, let it kick you
forwards!
1. A. essential B. confusing
B. off
B. said
B. struggling
B. changes
B. failed

C. acceptable





D. bad
2. A. backwards
3. A. learned
4. A. waiting
5. A. challenges
6. A. buried
7. A. fortune
C. on D. forwards
C. heard
C. dreaming
D. solved
D. wishing
C. disaster D. failure
C. wasted

D. undone
B. result C. journey D. idea

8. A. weak
9. A. knowledge
10. A. chance

2.语法填空
B. important


C. good D. last
B. confidence C. imagination D. luck
B. sympathy C. wisdom D. kick
阅读下面短文 ，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入
一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式 填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为
1—10的相应位置上。
On Wednesday morning at eleven o'clock, I was walking down Main Street. I
had just parked my car. Suddenly I heard two shots. I thought they 1 (come)
from the bank. I ran toward the bank. I saw a man 2 (come) out. He was short
and fat 3 a big moustache. More 4 (importance),he had a bag of money
and a gun in his hands! 5 I could do anything, he ran up the street 6
disappeared behind a bus.
That afternoon I went to the movies. 7 happened? I saw the thief again at
the foot of the stairs! I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the rest rooms.
The police arrived in 8 than five minutes. They arrested the thief just as he 9
(buy) a chocolate bar from the candy machine. What an exciting day! And best of all,
the bank gave me 10 $$ 100 reward.

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars答案
语言要点
Ⅰ.词语辨析
1. loudly loud aloud
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
Keys: 1). louder 2). aloud 3). loudly 4). loud 5). louder
2. unlike dislike
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
Keys: 1). dislikes 2). unlike 3). disliked 4). unlike
3. remainleave
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
Keys: 1). left 2). remained 3). remaining 4). left
5). left 6). waiting 7). unchanged 8). to be done
4. climate weather
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
Keys: 1). weather 2). climate 3). climate 4). climate; weather
5. now that since because as
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
Keys: 1). sincenow that 2). because 3). for 4). Now (that)

Ⅱ.词性变化
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
Keys: 1). lied; lay; laid 2). prevention 3). violence 4). development
5). developing 6). fundamental 7). physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇
1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
Keys: 1). educational system 2). railway system

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

Keys: 1). lays 2). lays great stress on 3). laysputs; aside

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
Keys: 1). harmful 2). harm 3). Reading in the sun does a lot of harm to your eyes. = Reading
in the sun does your eyes a lot of harm.= Reading in the sun is very harmful to your eyes.

4. exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在
[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
Keys: 1). exists; in 2). exist on to 3). existence

5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling
adj.令人费解的
[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
Keys: 1). puzzling 2). am puzzled 3). puzzled 4). puzzle
5) was puzzled 6). What puzzles me

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。
Keys: 1). pulling out 2). pulled out 3). pull together

7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的
[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
Keys: 1). cheered 2). cheered; on 3). cheering

Ⅳ.重点词组
1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
Keys: 1). beganstarted; with 2). beganstarted with 3). To startbegin with

2. in time 及时；最终；迟早
[练习] 用time短语填空。
Keys: 1). in time 2). in time 3). in no time 4). At no time
5). at the same time 6). At one time 7). at a time 8). for the time being

3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
Keys: 1). by turns 2). We drove the car by turns in turn. = We took turns to drive the car.
3). Whose turn is it to give a speech today?

4. prevent...from = stop...from = keep....from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
Keys: 1). preventstopkeep the disease from spreading 2). prevent stop
3). The police preventedstoppedkept them from carrying weapons.
= They were preventedstoppedkept from carrying weapons.

5. block out 挡住（光线）
[练习] 用out短语填空。
Keys: 1). gave out 2). pick; out 3). come out 4). turned out 5). checked out

6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班学开张
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译。
Keys: 1). are off 2). was off 3). Keep off 4). paid off

7. break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发
[练习] 用break短语填空。
Keys: 1). broke out 2). break up 3). broken down 4). broken into

8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防
[练习] 用watch短语填空。

Keys: 1). watching over 2). watch out for 3). watch out

Ⅴ.重点句子
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon
dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere. 它(地球)< br>巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从
而形成 了地球的大气层。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
Keys: 1). are to go 2). to come 3). are to hold; to be held
4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am.

2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
Keys: 1). make it a rule 2). find it hard
3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
4). I thinkfindfeelconsider it my duty to help you.

3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
Keys: 1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that
one.
= This ruler is three times the length of that one.
2). four times as many students as
课文要点
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空
答案：1. moving 2. atmosphere 3. following 4. later 5. extremely 6. on 7.
multiplying 8. oxygen 9. which 10. good

Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写
1【原句】What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when
the dust settled into a solid globe.
答案：What gift he would give me was uncertain until yesterday afternoon when he came to see
us.
【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。
答案：What jobs we will get is unknown until 3 years later when we will graduate from university.

2【原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to
dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
答案：What he wanted to tell us is that one afternoon when he was on his way home he saw a bird
which was dying.
【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。
答案：Why he was absent is that he was badly hurt by a car when he went to school.

3【原句】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later
development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
答案：We often see some people throw rubbish and spit everywhere，which makes our
environment dirty.
【模仿2】她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到 学习
急救的必要性。
答案：Her parents were very thankful to us and the doctors thought highly of our first aid, which
made us realize the necessity of learning first aid.
单元自测
1完形填空
答案：

1. D
文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
通读全文可知“ 不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机
会或者动力)。根据此意需要选 D项
2. D 根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“When life gives you a kick, let it kick you

forwards!” 当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
3. A 海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了 学会了要用learn表达。
4. B 从第四段最后一句“Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a
world-famous writer.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)
当中。
5. C 即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster)。
6. C
7. A
这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simply wasted)。
他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写
作并 且取得成功可以看出来。
8. A 忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩 的(weak)部分。
weak与the best相对。
9. B 朋友鼓励他要乐观(o ptimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence与optimism
并列，表达相近的意思。
10. C 从前一句的 “Don’t pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability.”可知不是要祈祷
问题会减少， 而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些
挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智 慧 (greater wisdom)来应对这些挑战。不是寻
找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。
2.语法填空
答案：
1．had come 考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：
2．Coming 考查动词短语see somebody doing sth．的结构：
3．with 介词，有，具有：
4．importantly more importantly表“更重要的是”：
5．Before 时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：
6．and and连接ran up...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：
7．What What happened?是固定句型，表惊讶：
8. 1ess less than 5 minutes表“不到五分钟”。
9．was buying 过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：
10．a 表一份奖品：