2020 年北京市高考适应性测试黄金解析
秘密花园读后感-六项禁令
2020 年北京市高考适应性测试
英语
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45 分)
第一节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题
1.5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1
个适当
的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational
journey that carried me through
school and
into my profession. Until I joined her class, I
hadn’t believed in my ability as
a writer. She
1 (persuade) me to join the poetry society and
lit in me a fire for literature.
She
recognised 2 (I) potential and showed me that I
could write with creativity and
enthusiasm.
Because of the confidence she inspired in me, I’ve
carved out a 3 (success)
profession as a
journalist.
B
Some university students
carried out a campaign 4 they celebrated
their
whole day without cell phones. This
move was to improve their relationships with their
near and dear ones and to keep them away
from the virtual (
虚 拟 的
) life. 5
(study)
indicate that a majority of young
people used their phones during lessons, over
family
meals or even at the cinema. The
problem of phone addiction (
成 瘾
) has
been
observed since a few years ago,
with experts and psychologists 6 (try) to
increase awareness about this problem.
C
The tiger shark 7 (consider) to be one of
the most dangerous sharks in the world.
Why
are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like
to live 8 waters where
humans
usually swim, so the chances of an encounter (
遭 遇
) are much greater.
Second, tiger
sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can
9 (easy) hit a person.
And third, tiger
sharks have teeth perfectly 10 (design) for
cutting their food, so it is
certain that the
damage will be disastrous.
英语 第 1 页(共 12
页)
词汇归类与学习:
universe n.
宇宙;世界;人类(把万物合成一体)(uni = one)
universal adj.
全世界的;一般的,宇宙的
university n.大学;大学的校舍(把几个学院合成一体)
adverse adj. [ad-表示to,vers反转→相反→敌对]
(在位置或方向上)相反的,(引申为)敌对的
adversity n.逆境
adversary n对手,敌手
divorce分离,脱离
reverse v.
倒转,翻转,回复,反向 reversion reversible 可倒转的,可逆的
controvert v. 争论,辩论,论战,反驳 controversy争吵
controversial争论的
diverse adj.多种多样的
diversify v. 使不同,使多样化
diversified adj. 多样化的
diversification n.多样化
diversity
n.多样性,变化,异样
version
n.转换→由一种文字转换为另一种文字→转译→转译的文字] 译文,翻译
averse adj.
反对的;不愿意的(回避的态度)
advertise v广告
advertisement广告,登广告
anniversary
n.周年纪念日,周年纪念;周年的
gress 行走
congressˈkɒŋɡresn. 国会;代表大会;会议;社交
progress 进步 make progress
ingress 进入
aggress
ə'ɡres vtvi.
攻击,挑衅;
a+辅音字母的前缀表示“加强、强调”
aggressiveəˈɡresɪvadj.
侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的
grade
走,台阶,层阶,阶级,年级,成绩,等级等
degradedɪˈɡreɪdvtvi.
贬低;降级解
upgradeˈʌpɡreɪdv.升级;改善(尤指服务);n. 升级;增加adj.
往上的adv. 往上
graduate 毕业,授予学位,研究生
graduation 毕业,刻度,分等级
gradually 逐渐地
gradualism按部就班主义,渐进主义
degreedɪˈɡriːn.
程度,等级;度;学位;阶层 degreeless
undergraduateˌʌndərˈɡrædʒuətn. 大学本科生;大学肄业生adj.
大学本科生的
英语 第 2 页(共 12 页)
phone大家都认识,发音“风”;iPhone手机,本质是声音,说
↓ph-f
发音一致,通假字母
fame,说他好话的人多了,名望就高了
↓
famous
↓
fant
↓
infant
不会说话的人→婴儿,幼儿
infantine 幼稚的,似婴儿的
fate feɪt
神说的话→n.宿命,命运vt.注定
fess(词根)
profess prəˈfes
→在众人面前宣誓,以表明责任心与奉献精神。比如西方国家医生入职以前,会按希波克拉低
宣誓宣誓,
表达对病人和社会的责任
professor
prəˈfesə(r)n.站在大家面前讲话的知识渊博的人→教授
professionprəˈfeʃn n. 职业,专业;声明,宣布,表白
professional
第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5
分,共 30 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D
四个选项中,选出
最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Afel was only a
very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture
book. It had
lots of pictures of children
11 in big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what
are
those white fields?” His mother
laughed, “That’s snow, and they are making a
snowman!” She tried to 12 what
snow was. Afel didn’t really 13
because there was no real snow where he lived.
But he showed great 14 .
One day when he was
12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his
uncle’s
house. The programme was full of snow.
And not only snow—there were people
15
across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds.
They had hats covering all
their heads and
big goggles over their eyes. And on their
feet, they had 16 shoes.
“What are those?”
he asked his uncle 17 . “Skis,” replied his
uncle. “And
those people are called
skiers.” At that moment, he 18 to be a
skier. He asked
his uncle what the programme
was. “The Winter Olympics,” said his uncle. “It’s
like the
normal Olympics, but for 19
where you need snow—ski jumping, bobsleigh
(
长 橇
), those sorts of things. They
20 it every four years.”
Afel found out that
the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in
2022.
英语 第 3 页(共 12 页)
“Perfect,” he thought. “Enough 21 for
me to become a brilliant skier.”
“But there’s
no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you
going to ski?” Afel
22 them. He
made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of
wood. He tied them
to his feet and practised
skiing 23 two sticks in his hands. He
practised again
and again until he could
24 quite quickly across the sand. He 25
to fly
down the hills like the people on TV,
but he couldn’t.
“Never mind,” he thought.
“It’s a 26 …”
“How will you go to
the Olympics?” people asked him. “Our country
doesn’t
27 have a team that goes to
the Winter Olympics. We have good runners and
win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no
skiing, no.”Afel didn’t 28 .
So every night,
out in the middle of the desert, Afel now
practises skiing down
sand hills. He 29 that
the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the
medal
he will bring home with him, when he is
the 30 .
英语 第 4 页(共 12 页)
11.A.drawing
12.A.announce
13.A.mind
14.A.interest
15.A.walking
16.A.strong
17.A.politely
18.A.promised
19.A.projects
20.A.gain
21.A.time
B.playing
B.stress
B.respond
B.concern
B.riding
B.strange
B.hopefully
B.claimed
B.fields
B.have
C.dancing
C.conclude
C.understand
C.patience
C.running
C.fashionable
C.excitedly
C.agreed
C.sports
C.accept
D.hiking
D.explain
D.regret
D.confidence
D.flying
D.comfortable
D.nervously
D.decided
D.courses
D.mark
B.energy C.experience
D.determination
22.A.avoided
B.ignored C.corrected
D.criticized
23.A.pushing B.pulling
C.holding D.waving
24.A.roll
B.march C.jump
D.move
25.A.needed B.prepared
C.pretended D.attempted
26.A.start
B.chance C.solution
D.strategy
27.A.even B.often
C.shortly D.finally
28.A.refuse
B.inquire C.care
D.complain
29.A.dreams B.predicts
C.assumes D.realizes
30.A.authority B.champion
C.genius D.celebrity
词汇归类与学习:
词典dictionary—词典,何为词典?说辞集合之地。
词根dict的大家族:
predict pre表示“提前,前面”的前缀,提前知道,这不就是预言、预测吗?
indicate in在这里表否定,不说,就是“暗示”
dictate
ate是常见的动词后缀,该词表示:说,含义:口令,口述,使听写
contradict
contra表相反的前缀,反着说,该词表示—反驳
sting
stɪŋ发音:si叮,含义:叮,蛰,刺激,例如被蚊子叮一下,被蜜蜂蛰一下,很刺激
stickstɪkvt. 刺,戳;伸出;粘贴vi.
坚持;伸出;粘住n.小棍;手杖;呆头呆脑的人
stickyˈstɪki adj.
粘的;粘性的
英语 第 5 页(共 12 页)
stickinessˈstɪkinəsn. 粘性;胶粘
stick
to doing sth 坚持做某事
stick with坚持,继续做保持联系
If you're in a job that keeps you busy, stick
with it.
如果有份让你忙忙碌碌的工作,就要坚持做下去
。
distinguishdɪ'stɪŋɡwɪʃv.区分
原始含义为古人分别用刺做不同的标记,以区分事物,所以包含单词sting
distinguisheddɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃtadj. 卓越的,著名的;高贵的,受尊重的
汉语说“与众不同”,来表达卓越和优秀,与该词造词逻辑完全相同
distinctdɪ'stɪŋkt adj.独特的,明显的
distinction
extinct ɪk'stɪŋkt ex-,
向外。-stinct,;即拔刺出,比喻义连根拔起。古人云:斩草除根
instinct'ɪnstɪŋkt原义为刺激,推动,引申词义v.天生的能力,本能,直觉,天性
;adj.充满的
sting
stimulateˈstɪmjuleɪtvt.
刺激;鼓舞,激励 vi. 起刺激作用;起促进作用
same
simulate
ˈsɪmjuleɪtvt. 模仿;假装;adj. 模仿的;假装的
ambition谐音:俺必胜-雄心壮志
ambitious
词根“pass”表示“感情”
passionˈpæʃnn.
激情;热情 passive ˈpæsɪvadj. 被动(语态)的,消极的;n. 被动语态
passionate ˈpæʃənət adj. 热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的
compass
ˈkʌmpəs
n
.
指南针,罗盘;圆规vt. 包围
compassionkəmˈpæʃn n. 同情;怜悯
patient
patience
empathy ˈempəθin.同理心
empathize
empatheticˌempəˈθetɪk
empathicem'pæθɪk
sympathy ˈsɪmpəθ n.
同情;慰问;赞同
sympathize ˈsɪmpəθaɪz vi.
同情,怜悯
sympathetic ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk adj.同情的,共鸣的
symmetric sɪ'metrɪk adj. 对称的symphony ˈsɪmfəni
n. 交响乐;和声
beard
mustache
goatee这几
个单词都是胡须的意思,但区别呢,会拆解就会辨别beard,beard两种拆解思路,第一种可以想
象这种胡子在两边耳朵旁边对称长着,第二种可以想象长满这种胡子有点像熊,所以beard是
络腮胡子。goatee山羊胡,好理解。mustache呢?
英语 第 6
页(共 12 页)
mustacheˈmʌstæʃmouth+tach(依附,
附着)髭须,长在嘴唇上边的。这个就是词根tact,tag的补充单词例子
tact,tag触
tactual tactile tactility contact contagion
contagious contagium anticontagious intact,这些不多说了
新增的例子 attach teach tact attack stick tack
mustache tech tactics
tack tæk 粘性; 平头钉;附加
由tact,tag触,可以和它的意思自然联系到一起。
attach贴上,系;附上
stick 粘贴;张贴
attack 攻击
tact tækt 机智;
圆滑; 老练; 机敏 ---与人打交道体现出来的智慧---接触
teach教
----必须在接触的过程中才能教
tech技术
----科学可以不接触实物,但技术必须接触,tech派生很多单词
tactics'tæktɪks战术
战术相对于的strategy(战略),更注重接触
实际,比如观察地形,排兵布阵等,获得第一手材料,运筹帷
幄决胜千里的strategy是更高层面
strat(词根“层”)的谋略。
strategy ˈstrætədʒin.战略,策略
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2
分,共 30 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D
四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
英语 第 7 页(共
12 页)
A
If you’re
looking to buy a gift for your children, why not
keep up with the trend and
get the best
hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A
hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal
transportation device.
It’s electrical,
portable and became highly popular in 2015 in
reference to a popular 1980’s movie.
Typically, this self-balancing
hoverboard
device operates like a powered skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may
have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t
complicated.
Basically, a standard hoverboard
contains:
• Battery: stores the electrical
power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt
lithium-ion battery.
• Gyroscope (one for
each wheel): allows riders to tilt (
倾 斜
)
the hoverboard
while maintaining balance and
adjusting their direction.
•
Motor (one in
each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to
keep the rider
balanced and upright.
•
Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It
processes data—your speed,
tilt, etc.—and
sends information to the motors. This unit
controls the power of
the board so riders can
adjust their speed.
All the above components
work together to control the power and tilt of the
hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright
and moving at a controlled speed.
Why Buy a
Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool.
You’ve probably seen kids riding one around
the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody
wants in. So, why deny your kids and
prevent
them from being part of this trend?
Where is a
hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild
popularity, hoverboards have yet to become
“street-legal”.
Currently, some places
prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices,
and
hoverboards are banned in academic
institutions and public places, like campus
buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway
stations. Some places have also put speed
limits on the devices and restricted their use
to bike paths. However, open areas—
including
your yard—are free of these restrictions.
英语 第 8 页(共 12 页)
31.
The logic board of a hoverboard can
A.store electricity
.
B.
power the
wheels
C.
send information to the riders
D.
receive data and give command
解析:答案来自:
Logic board:
functions as
the hoverboard brain. It processes data—your
speed, tilt, etc.—and sends information to
the
motors. This unit controls the power of the board
so riders can adjust their speed.看懂即刻答对;
正确答案一定落实到文章的原话中,即“定位法”
32.
According to the passage, a hoverboard can be
used
A.on campus B.in parks
C.on bike
paths D.in shopping malls
.
解析:答案来自:
hoverboards are banned in academic
institutions and public places, like
campus
buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway
stations. Some places have also put
speed
limits on the devices and restricted their use to
bike paths. However, open areas—
including your
yard—are free of these restrictions.
33.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
A.To evaluate a gift’s quality.
B.
To
recommend a gift choice.
C.
To compare new
hoverboard models.
D.
To clarify functions
of the latest hoverboards.
解析:最后一题基本考察主旨;总体A篇属于基础题目,易全对。
词汇与归类:
logicˈlɒdʒɪkn. 逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性
opponentəˈpəʊnəntn. 对手;反对者;敌手adj. 对立的;敌对的
componentkəm'pəʊnəntn.〔机器、系统等的〕零件;成分;组成部分
与essential unit 同义
companies that make
electronic components for computer
products
为计算机产品生产电子零件的公司
Exercise is
one of the key components of a healthy
lifestyle.
锻炼身体是健康生活方式的一个重要组成部分。
compound
n'kɒmpaʊnd化合物,混合体,复合物→ element
man-made
organic compounds
人造有机化合物
play 使用
ploy 使用
ply 使用,工作,从事
英语 第 9
页(共 12 页)
comply 遵从
deplay
配置,召开
employ 雇佣
employment
unemployment
employee 雇员
employor
雇主
apply 申请,应用
applied
application APP的全写
imply
暗示
reply 回答
flex 弹性,弯曲
flexibility n.‚fleksɪ'bɪlɪti 灵活性
complex
复杂的
complexitykəmˋplɛksɪtɪ 复杂性
complicateˈkɒmplɪkeɪtvt. 使复杂化;使卷入
implicate 卷入,牵扯
monopoly
垄断;一个(人)mono玩poly→垄断
plenty
足够的 满了
complete 完整的 使之满或圆满
comply 遵守(从)
supply
补充
complement 补足(物)用于补充使之满
car作为词根,来源于拉丁语carrus(四轮马车),可追溯到原始印欧词根*ker
s-。所以car作为词根与
“车,运输,承载”等意义联系在一起。
carry
ˈkæri vtvin
携带,输送
cargo
ˈkɑːɡəʊ
n.
货物
career
kəˈrɪə(r)
原意为
“马车等行驶过的道路”
,后
衍生出“人生道路,生涯,经历”等意义
chariot
ˈtʃæriət
n.古代马拉战车
vt.
驾驭(过去式charioted,过去分词charioted,现在分词charioting
第三人称单数chariots
vi. 乘战车;驾驭战车
charge
tʃɑːdʒ
n. 费用;命令;负载vtvi.
使充电;使承担;装载;对…索费;
英语 第 10 页(共 12 页)
原义是“装载,加担子”,它的大部分现代意义皆引申于此。例如“索价,要…支付”,使人负担费用
,就是
给人“加担子”;而“充电”,是在给电池“装载”电荷。
recharge使人再次有(装满承载)活力
dischargedɪsˈtʃɑːdʒv.
准许(某人)离开;释放;排出;n.释放;履行责任;
in charge
of负责;主管
car
| (a-u元音音变)
cur
和car意思一样:走,跑,动
concur
kənˈkɜː(r) vi.
同意;一致;互助
current
ˈkʌrənt
adj当前的,流通的,最近的;n.趋势
currency
ˈkʌrənsin.
货币
cour为cur
的变体,course的意思就是人们从一个教室“跑到”另一个教室去上课;以及奔流的含义。
one 一个
onion 'ʌnjənn.洋葱(头)
unit
单元,一;老子曰:道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物,生生不息un,uni=one,表示“单一,一个”
unite juˈnaɪt v 团结,合并
unity ˈjuːnəti n
单一;一致(uni+ty)
unify 'juːnɪfaɪv. (使)统一,(使)成一体
unification n 联合(uni+fic+ation)
unique
adj.独特的(uni+que 表形容词→单一的→独特的)
union ˈjuːniən
n.联合, 结合reunite ˌriːjuːˈnaɪtvt.重聚,团聚,再联合
uniform a. 同样的,制服 uniformity n. 一致性
unicom n 联通
universe ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs n.
宇宙;世界;领域 university
universal
ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl adj. 普遍的;通用的;宇宙的;全世界的;全体的n. 一般概念;普通性
mind
mindset
demand
dɪˈmɑːndnv.
要求
command
kəˈmɑːndnv.
命令,指令
comment
ˈkɒmentnvt.(发表)评论意见
recommend
ˌrekəˈmendvtvi.
推荐
light
n.光(直的)adj. 轻的;浅色的adv. 轻地
correct 改正
direct
redirect
英语 第 11 页(共
12 页)
rectangle 矩形
rectangular
rectify ˈrektɪfaɪ 使…正
可以得出结论:
rect
直,使……直,矫正,改正的含义
regulate 调节等
regulator
loyal 平民的
royal 'rɔɪəl 皇室的
region 'riːdʒən
n. 区域(国王统治的地方,在一个规则下运行的地方)
reign
reɪn n. 统治
何为统治?制定规则,让人们遵守
foreign adj.
'fɒrɪn adj.外国的,不相关的
B
Growing up,
Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she
could be. “I was a
black girl, from a refugee
(
难民
) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I
was only allowed to
explore in this
predetermined box.”
德卡·伊斯梅尔(Deka Ismail)说,在成长过
程中,她让标签来定义自己。“我是一个黑人女孩,来自难
民家庭,”德克说。“就好像我只被允许在这
个预定的盒子里探索。”
After a high school chemistry
class inspired her to think about a career in
science
and gave her confidence in the field,
Deka learned to live outside labels and began
making big plans for her future. Now she is
about to begin her freshman year at the
University of California, planning
(现在分词作状语)
to become a professor.
高中的化学课
激发了她想从事科学工作的想法,也让她对这一领域充满了信心。现在她即将开始她在
加州大学的大一,
并计划着成为教授。
Born and raised
(过去分词作状语)
in
San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood,
Deka
is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While
some might say Deka’s success
happened in
spite of her background, she would say
differently, that her experiences
shaped her
and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist
that she is today.
出生和长大在圣地亚哥附近,Deka是索马里难民夫妇的女
儿。虽然有些人可能会说德卡
的成功源于她的背景,但她会以不同的方式说,她的经历塑造了她,并激励
她成为今天这样
一个有干劲的年轻科学家。
When Deka was eight
years old, her mother got a job by studying hard
back in
school in order to support the whole
family. That made Deka realize that education
could make a difference to one’s life. She
spent a lot of time in the library reading books,
and didn’t do many of the things her peers
did, like partying or having romantic
英语
第 12 页(共 12 页)
relationships.
当德卡八岁
的时候,她的母亲通过在学校努力学习找到了一份工作,以支持整个家庭。
这让Deka意识到教育可以
改变一个人的生活。她花了很多时间在图书馆看书,没有做很多同
龄人做的事情,比如聚会或谈恋爱。
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect
girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have
to
not even do your best but two times better than
everyone else. I felt like the whole
world was
waiting for me to mess up.”
德卡说:“我一直觉得,我必须成为家里
最完美的女孩。”“你甚至不需要做到最好,但要比别人好两倍。”我觉
得整个世界都在等着我把事情搞
砸。”
英语 第 13 页(共 12 页)
Deka’s efforts paid off. The summer before her
senior year of high school, she was
accepted
to the American Chemical Society Project SEED
Programme. “She brought
both enthusiasm and
focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research
institute, recalled.
“She arrived every day
ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle
new challenges
regardless of whether or not
she had done anything similar.”
德卡的努力得到了回报。在高中
四年级前的那个夏天,她被美国化学学会项目种子项目
(American Chemical
Society Project SEED program)录取了。“她带来了热情和专注,”该研究所的研究员博瑟姆回忆说。“她每天都做好了工作、学习和应对新挑战的准备,无论她是否
做过类似
的事情。”
When asked what advice she would give to
others like her, Deka warned them not
to
underestimate themselves. “Don’t tell yourself
that scholarship is too big or this
programme
is too competitive or I’ll never get into this
school, ” she said. “I was not
sure whether I
could make it until I started seeing the
acceptance letters rolling in.”
当被问及她会给像她这样的人什
么建议时,德卡警告他们不要低估自己。她说:“不要告诉自己奖学金太多,这个
项目竞争太激烈,否则
我永远进不了这所学校。”“直到我看到录取通知书源源不断地寄来,我才确定自己能否成
功。”
34. From the passage, we can learn that .
A. Deka was adopted by a refugee family
B.
Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C.
Deka became a professor after graduation
D.
Deka’s experiences drove her to work hard
解析:
该题为主旨大意与细节考察考察,看懂全文,即可答对;
35.Deka realized
the importance of education .
A. from her
mother’s experience B. after her chemistry class
C. by reading books in the library D. through
working at the institute
解析:When Deka was
eight years old, her mother got a job by studying
hard back in
school in order to support the
whole family. That made Deka realize that
education could
make a difference to one’s
life.
36.According to the last paragraph,
Deka advised that students be
A. patient B.
confident C. ambitious D. generous
解析:答案直接来自最后一段的该句话:Deka warned them not to
underestimate
themselves.答题关键为认识“underestimate”-轻看,低估
.
37.What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Life is not all roses.
B. Practice
makes perfect.
英语 第 14 页(共 12 页)
C. Well begun is half done.
D. Hard
work leads to success.
解析:最后一题答案或者是主旨大意或者来自最后一段,本题为主旨大意,总体属于简单题。
词汇归类与学习:
opt
option
optimistic
optimism
adoptəˈdɒpt vt. 采取;接受;收养;正式通过
vi. 采取;过继
adapt 适应
adaptive
adaptable
evaluate
ɪ'væljueɪt vt.评估,评价
assess əˈses
vt.评价,待定
estimate 'estɪmɪt vt估价,评价
underestimate
C
层次与结构:第一段基本铺垫
A group of blue-faced birds step through the
grass
shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking
around. They look
like middle schoolers
seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime.
Perhaps they’re not so different.
层次与结构:提出以前的(大众)一个科研现象
A new study, led
(过去分词作状语)
by Damien Farine,
an
ornithologist who studies collective behaviour,
shows
that the vulturine
英语 第 15 页(共
12 页)
guineafowl of eastern
Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In
the past, scientists
assumed such social
structures required a lot of brainpower. But the
pea-brained
guineafowl are revealing the
faults in that assumption.
一群蓝脸的鸟肩并肩地穿过草地,红眼睛四
处张望。他们看起来就像在午餐时间寻找自助餐桌的中学生。也
许他们并没有那么不同。
一个新的研究, 由Damien Farine所领导——他是一个研究集体行为的鸟类学家,表明贪
婪的东非的几内亚猫头
鹰和人类一样,也有多层次的社会。过去,科学家认为这样的社会结构需要大量的
脑力劳动。但是,脑容量
为豌豆的豚鼠揭示了这种假设的错误。
层次与结构:描述科研现象(主题)本身
These large birds
wander across the landscape in packs, often
walking so closely that
their bodies touch.
They may fight each other to maintain their strict
hierarchies (
等级制
度
), but at other times
they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing
food.
这些大鸟成群地在陆地上漫步,经常走得很近,以至于能够身体接触。相互斗争保持严格的
等级制度,
但在其他时候他们也进行友好的行为,像分享食物。
层次与结构:描写试验过程和方法,逐渐提出本文主旨-新的研究发现(与之前的有所不同)
Suspecting
(现在分词作状语)
the guineafowl
might have a social structure, Dr. Farine
and
his colleagues began a thorough study of their
society. For a whole year, they made
daily
observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in
unique combinations let
researchers tell the
black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS
devices to the
backs of 58 birds, which let
them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours
a day.
怀疑
珍珠鸡
可能有社会结构,Farine博士和他的同事们开始他们
的社会做一次彻底的研究。一整年,他们
每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑
蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背上安装了
GPS设备,让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去
向。
层次与结构:描写实验发现(结论)
The findings of the
research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl
have a multilevel
society. There are groups
within groups within the population as a whole.
There even
seem to be groups of friends within
the small groups. This is the first time anyone
has
observed such a society in a bird.
研究结
果表明,秃鹰豚鼠有一个多层次的社会。群体中有群体,群体中有群体,群体中有群体。甚至
在小圈子里
似乎也有一群朋友。这是第一次有人在鸟身上观察到这样的社会。
层次与结构:继续描写实验结论:
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular
bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only
have
small brains relative to mammals (
哺 乳 动 物
), they also have quite small brains
relative to other birds,” he said.
博士Farin
e强调这个鸟的大脑小尺寸:“他们不只有小的大脑相对于哺乳动物,他们也有非常小的大脑相对
于其他
鸟,”他说。
层次与结构:实验结论的细节和深入描写,并与第三题的答案有关
According to him, living
(动名词作主语)
in
this kind of society might actually make
it
easier to keep track of the social order. For
example, if groups are stable and a bird can
英语 第 16 页(共 12 页)
identify just one
or two individuals within a group, it knows which
group it’s looking
at—no need for a brain that
can recognize every single animal. Multilevel
societies also
let animals adjust their group
sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing.
Depending on what enemies or resources are
around, it might make sense to travel in a
combined group rather than a smaller one.
根据他的说法,生活在这样的社会会更容易追踪的社会秩序。例如,如果一个群体是稳定的,一只鸟可
以
在一个群体中识别出一两个个体,它就知道它在寻找哪个群体——不需要一个可以识别每一个动物的大脑。
多层次的社会也让动物根据它们所面临的挑战来调整它们的群体规模。根据周围的敌人或资源,结伴而行可能比小团队行动更有意义。
层次与结构:描写实验结论,并与最后一题答案有关
“Having
(动名词作主语)
a multilevel structure
may not require having a large brain,”
Dr.
Farine said. There may be more birds and other
animals out there that, although
small-
brained, have societies as many-leveled as our
own.
“有多级结构可能不需要大的大脑,“Farine博士说。也许会有更多的鸟类和其他动物
,虽然它们的大脑
很小,但它们的社会却像我们的社会一样等级森严。
38.
According to the passage, what inspired Dr.
Farine to carry out the study?
A.
The
guineafowl’s social behaviour.
B.
Previous
assumptions about birds.
C.His interest in
animal brainpower.
D.The faults in earlier
research.
英语 第 17 页(共 12 页)
解析:答案来自:
Suspecting the guineafowl
might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his
colleagues began a thorough
study of their
society
39.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly
about?
A.The research subjects.
C.The
research findings.
解析:
分析文章的层次结构:
B.The research methods.
D.The research
equipment.
第一二段:
基本铺垫(有时没有铺垫)和引出主旨;主旨往往为一个研究主题
第三四五段:做实验证明研究主题“即主旨”的正确性,包括实验过程,实验数据,实验结论;
第六七段 : 结尾;一般描写下一步的研究方向和该科研的应用
本文第四段即为实验过程或者方法,还没有开始描写结论;熟悉层次与结构,属于送分题
40.
What can be learned from the passage?
A.
Complex social systems can be a
disadvantage to the guineafowl.
B.
The
guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in
a group.
C.Birds maintain social order by
travelling in combined groups.
D.Small-brained
animals can form multilevel societies.
解析:该题考察实验结论,答案来自:“Having a multilevel
structure may not require having a
large
brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds
and other animals out there that, although
small-brained, have societies as many-leveled
as our own.
“有多级结构可能不需要大的大脑,“Farine博士说。也许会有更多的
鸟类和其他动物,虽然它们的大脑很小,
但它们的社会却像我们的社会一样等级森严。
B选项与该段不符合:if groups are stable and a bird can
identify just one or
two individuals within a
group, it knows which group it’s looking at—no
need
for a brain that can recognize every
single animal.
A与本文主旨不符;C选项中两者并不是匹配关系;
41.
What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.
To present the findings of a study of
the guineafowl.
B.
To explain the
interaction patterns in multilevel societies.
C.
To introduce a new approach to
observing the guineafowl.
D.
To uncover
clues about how complex societies are formed.
解析:考察主旨大意;正确答案须为描写篇幅占比最大的内容。
词汇归类与学习:
cluekluː n. 线索;(故事等的)情节 vt. 为…提供线索;为…提供情况
form
fɔːm
n.形式状;vt.组成,构成
formal
正式的,拘谨的
informal 非正式的
formulaˈfɔːmjələn. [数] 公式,准则;配方;婴儿食品
former 从前的
英语 第 18 页(共 12 页)
format
ˈfɔːmæt
n.格式,版式;vtvi规定..格式
formally 正式地
formalism 形式主义
perform 表演,执行 performance
inform
通知,告诉
information 信息
many or
mountain
multiple adj. 'mʌltɪpəl多的;多种的
multiply v.'mʌltɪplaɪ乘,乘以
middle
school大家都知道
mod与mid都表示“中间”的含义
moderateˈmɒdərət adj.稳健的,适度的,有节制的vi. 变缓和,变弱vt.
节制
justdʒʌst
adv.刚刚;正好,恰好;adj.公正的,合理的;正直的
adjustəˈdʒʌst
vt. 调整,使…适合;校准
adjust
əˈdʒʌst
vt. 调整,适应
modulateˈmɒdjəleɪtvt. 调节整(信号)调制; vi.
调制;转调
modestˈmɒdɪst adj. 谦虚逊的;适度的
mode
模式,方法
meter 米,测量
measure 测量
media
媒体,媒介
social media 社交媒体
associationəˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn n.协会,联盟,社团
associated with 与…有关联系
contact ˈkɒntæktn. 接触,联系vt. 使接触,联系
touch接触,联系
tag tæɡn. 标签;附属物vt. 紧随;连接;添饰vi.
紧随
tach
tæk
环节,扣件
attachəˈtætʃ vt. 依附;贴上;使依恋vi. 附加属;伴随
attachment n.附件,连接物
attaching附属的
structstrʌktn.
结构;结构体;创建构架数组
struction
instructɪnˈstr
ʌktvt.指导,通知,指示,吩咐in-,进入,使,-struct,建造设,引申词义指示,吩咐等
英语 第 19 页(共 12 页)
structureˈstrʌktʃə(r)n. 结构;构造;建筑物vt.
组织;构成;建造
destruct dɪ'strʌktvn.
destruction dɪˈstrʌkʃnn.
construct
kənˈstrʌktvn.
construction 建设
bindbaɪndvi. 结合;联系助记:发音:绑的,含义也是(捆)绑的
bondbɒnd n. 债券;结合;纽带 vt.结合
band
bænd
n.带,环,乐队;vt.用带….绑…..
bandage
bound baʊndadj. 有义务的;约束的;
vt.
束缚(bind的过去式,过去分词);使跳跃
n. 范围;跳跃vi. 限制;弹起
词源:1.弹,跳,拟声词,同bounce
2.边界,束缚,词源同bind.
bounce
baʊnsv. 弹起;反弹
常用于“青少年成长题材”抗挫折能力方面的文章
bunch
bʌntʃ
n. 群;串;突出物vi.
隆起;打褶;形成一串vt. 使成一串;使打褶
a bunch of 一群;一束;一堆
abound əˈbaʊnd v.富于,充满
abundant
əˈbʌndənt adj.大量的
boundary ˈbaʊndəri n.
边界;范围;分界线
tain,ten,tin,tent=hold 握,持,守
ten是基本的形式tin是 -ten- 在某些前缀之后的音变形式
tain- 是
-ten- 的重读形式tin- 也可以理解为:
tain- 脱落元音 a 而成
pertain 适合
continent 自制的
abstain
自制,放弃
content 内容,容量,满足
container容器,集装箱
contain
kənˈteɪn
vt.
包含;控制;容纳;牵制(敌军)vi. 含有;自制
sustain səˈsteɪn
vt.支持,承担
sustainablesəˈsteɪnəbladj.
可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的
continue
obtainəbˈteɪnvtvi. 获得,取得
divide
dɪ'vaɪd v.分开
individual
‚ɪndɪ'vɪdʒuəl adj.个人(体)的,独立的n.个人体
picture
pattern
ˈpætnn. 模式;图案像;样品vt.
模仿;以图案装饰vi. 形成图案
know
↓k-g辅音通假
英语 第 20 页(共 12 页)
gno
↓字母颠倒
ogn
↓
cog
↓
cognitiveˈkɒɡnətɪvadj认知的,知道的,了解的
cognitionkɒɡ'nɪʃənn.认知
diagnose'daɪəɡnəʊz
v.诊断→医生知道、了解病情的过程
recognize再次知道,再次认出
ignoreɪɡˈnɔː(r)→不i(n)gnore知道→无知,忽视
precognition‚priːkɒɡ'nɪʃən n.预知,预感
D
层次与结构:基本铺垫-人们对科学不认可的社会现象
For several
decades, there has been an extensive and organized
campaign intended
to generate distrust in
science, funded by those whose interests and
ideologies are
threatened by the findings of
modern science. In response, scientists have
tended to
stress the success of science. After
all, scientists have been right about most things.
几十年来,一直存在着一场广泛的、有组织的运动,旨在引起人们对科学的不信任,其资助者是那些其利益和意识形态受到现代科学发现威胁的人。作为回应,科学家们倾向于强调科学的成功。毕竟,科学家<
br>在大多数事情上都是正确的。
层次与结构:描述“什么是科学的(研究)方法”
Stressing successes
(动名词短语作主语)
isn’t
wrong, but for many people it’s not
persuasive. An alternative answer to the
question “Why trust science?” is that scientists
use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve
got a high school science textbook lying
around, you’ll probably find that answer in
it. But what is typically thought to be the
scientific method—develop a hypothesis
( 假
设 )
, then design an experiment to test
it—
isn’t what scientists actually do. Science
is dynamic: new methods get invented; old
ones
get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be
found doing many different things.
强调成功没有错,但对许
多人来说,它没有说服力。为什么要相信科学?就是科学家们使用所谓的科学
方法。如果你身边有一本高
中科学课本,你可能会在里面找到答案。但什么是通常被认为是科学的方法-开
发一个假说,然后设计一
个实验来测试它,这不是实际上科学家做的事情。科学是动态的:新方法被发明;旧的
被遗弃;有时,科
学家们会做很多不同的事情。
层次与结构:进一步描述科学的研究方法应该是什么
If
there is no identifiable scientific method, then
what is the reason for trust in
science? The
answer is how those claims are evaluated. The
common element in
modern science, regardless
of the specific field or the particular methods
being used, is
the strict scrutiny
(审查)
of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process
that works to make
英语 第 21 页(共 12 页)
sure faulty claims are rejected. A
scientific claim is never accepted as true until
it has
gone through a lengthy “peer review”
because the reviewers are experts in the same
field who have both the right and the
obligation
(责任)
to find faults.
领域或特定的
方法,是严格审查的说法。这是一个艰难的,持续的过程,确保错误的索赔被拒绝。科学宣称从未接受过是真的,
直到
它经历了一个漫长的“同行评审”,因为那些评论家也是在同一领域专家,有权利和义务找到缺点。
如果没有可识别的科学方法,那么信任科学的理由是什么呢?答案是如何评估这些主张。现代科学中的常
见元素,不管所使用的特定
英语 第 22 页(共 12 页)
层次与结构:科学 研究方面多样性及其不同角度的重要性。
A key
aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done
collectively. No claim gets accepted
until it
has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of
heads. In areas that have been
contested, like
climate science and vaccine safety, it’s
thousands. This is why we are
generally
justified in not worrying too much if a single
scientist, even a very famous one,
disagrees
with the claim. And this is why diversity in
science—the more people looking
at a claim
from different angles—is important.
科学判断的一个关键方
面是集体判断。只有经过几十个,如果不是几百个,负责人的审查,没有(哪个)
(科学)主张会得到接
受。在气候科学和疫苗安全等有争议的领域,这个数字是数千。这就是为什么当一个
科学家,即使是一个
非常著名的科学家,不同意这种观点时,我们通常没有理由过分担心。这就是为什么科
学的多样性——越
来越多的人从不同的角度来看待一个观点——是重要的。
层次与结构:描述现行的科学(研究方法)的实用性,正确性
Does this
process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are
humans. There is
always the possibility of
revising a claim on the basis of new evidence.
Some people
argue that we should not trust
science because scientists are “always changing
their
minds.” While examples of truly settled
science being overturned are far fewer than is
sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the
beauty of this scientific process is that it
explains what might otherwise appear
paradoxical
(矛盾的)
: that science produces
both
novelty and stability. Scientists do
change their minds in the face of new evidence,
but
this is a strength of science, not a
weakness.
这个过程会出错吗?当然可以。科学家们也是人。总是有可能在新的证据的基础上
修改一项主张。有些
人认为我们不应该相信科学,因为科学家“总是在改变他们的想法”。虽然推翻真正
确定的科学的例子比有
时声称的要少得多,但它们确实存在。但是这个科学过程的美丽是它解释了可能出
现的矛盾:科学产生新奇和
稳定。面对新的证据,科学家的确会改变主意,但这是科学的强项,而不是弱
点。
42.
How does the author think of the
scientific method?
A. Stable. B. Persuasive.
C. Unreliable. D. Unrealistic.
解析:本题作为第一题,答案来自第一段第一句:
For several decades,
there has been an
extensive and organized
campaign intended to generate distrust in
science.
43.What does the underlined word
“vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.
Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
解析:答对该题,需看懂该句话(及其所在段落)
A key aspect of
scientific judgment is that it is done
collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has
been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of
heads. In areas that have been contested, like
climate
science and vaccine safety, it’s
thousands. This is why we are generally justified
in not worrying too
much if a single
scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with
the claim. And this is why diversity
英语 第
23 页(共 12 页)
in science—the more people
looking at a claim from different angles—is
important.
科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。只有经过几十个,如果不是几百个,负责
人的审查,这个主张不会得
到接受。在气候科学和疫苗安全等有争议的领域,这个数字是数千。这就是为
什么当一个科学家,即使是一
个非常著名的科学家,不同意这种观点时,我们通常没有理由过分担心。这
就是为什么科学的多样性——越
来越多的人从不同的角度来看待一个观点——是重要的。
vetvetn. 兽医(诊所);老兵;审查 v. 审查,检查;作兽医;诊疗
44.According to the passage, the author may
agree that
A. it is not persuasive to reject
those faulty claims
B. settled science tends
to be collectively overturned
C. a leading
expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
.
D. diversity in knowledge is the common
element in science
解析:答案来自
This is why we
are generally justified in not worrying
too
much if a single scientist, even a very famous
one, disagrees with the
claim.
这就是为什么当一个科学
家,即使是一个非常著名的科学家,不同意这种观点时,我们通
常没有理由过分担心。
45.Which of the following would be the best
title for the passage?
A. Put Your Faith in
Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science
第一段和第二段比较关键,看懂基本可以答对
B. Defend the Truth
in Science
D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
解析:最后一题或者考察主旨,或者考察最后一两段的细节内容;本题考察细节
词汇归类与讲解:
dynamicdaɪˈnæmɪk
adj.
动态力的;动力学的;有活力的 n. 动态力
spitspɪt
vi.
吐痰;吐口水;发出劈啪声vt. 吐(出);发射n. 唾液
spotspɒt
n.
地点;斑点;污(水)渍;vt. 认出;弄脏; adj. 现场的;现货买卖的adv. 准确地;恰好
spit该词为拟声词,模仿吐痰的声音;spot为元音音变后的同根词
very
↓
vary
ˈveərivtvi.变化,改变
↓
由熟到生,提高记忆效率
variety və'raɪəti
n.多样性化 a variety of
(写作高级词替换many)
various
ˈveəriəs
adj.很多的
diverse
daɪ'vɜːs
adj.多样(性)的
diversity
daɪ'vɜːsɪti
adj.多样性,差异
diversify
daɪ'vɜːsɪfi
adj.使多样性(化)
adversityədˈvɜːsɪti n. 逆境
英语
第 24 页(共 12 页)
pony
n.小矮马(腾讯公司创始人马化腾先生的英文名字)
company
nvt.公司,伙伴
本意为:一起com骑马pony的人,引申为“伙伴”
companion kəmˈpænjən n. 同伴vt.陪伴
companionship
accompany 陪伴
camp
营地
campus 校园
campaign kæmˈpeɪn
活动(2016北京卷高考完形填空考察了)
champion ˈtʃæmpiən
冠军
despitedɪˈspaɪtprep. 即使,尽管v.( 故意使)烦恼
in
spite of
ced,ceed,cess这组词根表示“走”
precedent (pre 先,前,ced 走)前先例unprecedented空前的
precede先行,领先preceding在前的 proceed前进,进行
procedureprəˈsiːdʒə(r) n. 程序,手续;步骤
exceed
ɪkˈsiːd vt. 超过;胜过vi. 超过其他( ex以外,超出,ceed行, 超越而行) 超过
excessɪkˈsesn. 超过额;过度量adj. 额外的,过量的;附加的[ 复数
excesses ]
proceedprəˈsiːdvi. 开始;继续进行;发生;行进n.
收入,获利
process prəʊses n.过程,进程,程序v.加工,处理
antecedent 先行的antecessor 先行者,先驱者antecede
居...之先
recession后退,退回 economic recession
access ac表强调,不断的走,那就-接近(目标成功),途径,方法
v.
接近,使用;访问,存取n. 通道;进入;机会
assess
as表强调,sess是坐,与sit同源,坐下来算算(值)多少钱,评估
project
ˈprɒdʒektnv.工程,方案,计划,工程
;有“预测”的含义;2019北京高考卷D篇考察了
object ɒbdʒɪktn.
目标;物体;客体;宾语vt. 提出…作为反对的理由vi. 反对;拒绝
objective əbˈdʒektɪvn. 目的标宾格adj. 客观(存在)的;
subjectˈsʌbdʒɪkt
n. 主题;起因;科目;主词adv.
在……的条件下v. (使)臣服
subjectivesəbˈdʒektɪv
adj. 主观的;个人的;自觉的
reject
rɪˈdʒekt
vt. 拒绝;排斥;抵制;丢弃 n. 被弃之物或人;次品
rejection
rɪˈdʒekʃn
n.
抛弃;拒绝;被抛弃的东西;盖帽
英语 第 25 页(共 12 页)
inject ɪnˈdʒekt
vt. 注入射
generalˈdʒenrəladj. 一般的,普通的;综合的;大体的n.
一般;将军,上将;常规
gene
dʒiːn
n. [遗] 基因
generateˈdʒenəreɪt
vt.
使形成;发生;生殖;产生物理反应
词根spect看
aspect n.方面
expect v.期待望 unexpected
expectation n.期望expectancy n.预期
inspect
v.视察,检查
respect v.n. 尊敬
respective
adj. 各自的,分别的
suspect v.怀疑
suspicious səˈspɪʃəsadj. 怀疑的
skepticalˈskeptɪkladj. 怀疑(论)的;习惯怀疑的
scepticalˈskeptɪkladj. 怀疑的;怀疑论的;习惯怀疑的
spectacle ˈspektəkln. 壮观的景象
spectacular
spekˈtækjələ(r) adj.引人注目的,壮观的
prospect n.
前景,前途
perspective pə'spektɪvn.角度,观点,想法
circumspective 谨慎的;环顾四周circum看看spect-谨慎的
specializeˈspeʃəlaɪzv.专门从事于,使适应特殊情况
species ˈspiːʃiːz n. 物种
specific
spəˈsɪfɪk adj.明确的,具体的
guide ɡaɪd n.
指南;向导;vt. 引导;带领;vi. 担任向导
词源同vision
wit wɪt n. 智慧;才智;智力
wise
witness ˈwɪtnɪsn.证人,证据vt. 目击;证明;为…作证
guidance
ˈgaɪdəns
guideline
n.指南;方针;准则
guardɡɑːdn. 守卫;警戒;护卫队;防护装置vi. 警惕vt.
保卫;监视
guideɡaɪdn. 指南;向导;入门书vt. 引导;带领; vi. 担任向导
guarantee‚gærən'tiː
v.保证
(注:一般情况下该词出现在选项里是排除项
)
助记:只有在父母的指导下,孩子才能保证guarantee完成作业
warranty
n. 'wɒrənti n.〔产品的〕保用证,保修单 under warranty
ensureɪnˈʃʊə(r)vt. 保证,确保;使安全 过去式 ensured 过去分词
ensured
英语 第 26 页(共 12 页)
new
novelˈnɒvladj. 新奇的;异常的n. 小说
novelty
ˈnɒvlti
n.
新奇;新奇的事物;新颖小巧而廉价的物品[ 复数 novelties ]
innovationˌɪnəˈveɪʃnn. 创新,革新;新方法
innovate
innovative
criticˈkrɪtɪkn.
批评家,评论家;爱挑剔的人
criticizeˈkrɪtɪsaɪzvt. 批评;评论 vi.
批评;评论;苛求
criticalisam
criticalˈkrɪtɪkl adj.批评判的,决定性的,关键性的,重要的;评论的
critical thinking
vital
crucial ˈkruːʃl
adj. 重要的;决定性的;关键繁荣,决断的
important
上述四个词汇为“重要的,关键的”
transparent
trænsˈpær
əntadj.
透明的,显然的,坦率的,易懂的;
appear
əˈpɪə(r)
n.出现
disappear
appearance
əˈpɪərənsn
外貌观,出现,露面
apparentəˈpærənt adj.显然的,能从表面看出来的
apparently 显然地
transfer 转让,过户,换乘地铁
transmit
trænzˈmɪt
vt.传播
translate
翻译
transittrænzɪt n. 运输;经过vt. 运送
transformation→改变trans形式form→变形,改革,转换等
包含词根“trans”的单词基本都和“转变”有关
identˈaɪdentn. 识别,鉴别
identicaɪ'dentɪkadj.
形式相同的;措辞相同的;同文的
identity
aɪ'dentɪti
n.
身份;一致;特性;
identify
aɪˈdɛntɪˌfaɪ
vt.认出;识别,确鉴定
identifiableaɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl
adj.
可辨认的;可认明的;可证明是同一的
助记:
Identification
CardName
用于识别身份的帐号或者证件的
意思
。
登陆网站时ID指用户名,在学校时一般指学生证,公共场合一般指身份证或驾照什么
字母X有交织、编织之象形含义,
我们常说:编筐”、“织布毛衣”,也说“编故事”、“编辑造”、“罗织成章”等
texttekstn. 文本;课文;主题vt. 发短信
↓
tissue
'tɪʃuːn组织,纸巾,薄纱,一套,织体
vt. 薄纱装饰;用化妆纸(拂去)
issue'ɪsjuː 发音:印书 含义:印书,出版,问题
textile'tekstaɪln. 纺织品,织物adj. 纺织的
texture'tekstʃən. 质地;纹理;结构;本实质
texture'tekstʃuəladj. (按)本文的
context'kɒntekstn. 背境;上下文;来龙去脉
contest'kɒntest vtn. 争辩;质疑
contendkən'tend vt. 竞争;奋斗;斗争
英语 第 27
页(共 12 页)
pretext
ˈpriːtekst
n.借口
;托辞vt.以…为借口
;
pre意为“在……前面”,pretext即为“借口”此物就
像编织的布一样掩饰在某物前面,遮盖真相。
contemptkən'tempt
n. 轻视,蔑视;耻辱
attemptəˈtempt vtn.
企图,试图;攻击
英语 第 28 页(共 12 页)
sit
坐
set 设置 set
up
settingˈsetɪŋ n. 环境;安装;布置; 沉落v.
放置;沉没;使…处于某位置(set的ing形式)
settle 'setl
安置
site saɪt 就坐,位于
situate
处于
situation 情况
stand
站
↓变体
sist 站
state n.国家,情形,陈述,州,规定,声明
stable
'steɪbəladj.稳定的;马厩;牛棚
stabilitystəˈbɪlətin.
稳定性;坚定,恒心 instability
exist外面ex站着(sist)→存活
coexist共存
assistəˈsɪstvt.帮协助 assistant
əˈsɪstəntn.助理手
resistrɪˈzɪstvt.抵抗
resistancerɪˈzɪstənsn.抵抗力,阻力
consistkənˈsɪstvi. 由…组成;在于;符合
consistentkənˈsɪstənt adj. 始终如一的,一致的;坚持的
substance'sʌbstəns
n.实质,资产,主旨;
逻辑:下面的sub才是实质的,浮在表面的只是表相
substantialsəb'stænʃəl adj.实质的,内容充实的
英语 第 29 页(共 12 页)
circumstance
'sɜːkəmstænsn.环境,情况,境遇
substituteˈsʌbstɪtjuːt]
v.代替换 n.替代品sub(在下面)+stitute(站立)→站在下面→替代品(替补)
veil veɪl n.面纱
reveal rɪ'viːl
vtn.揭露re-后 + veal(veil)面纱 → 面纱向后揭开
revelation
revə'leɪʃən n.揭露
unveil ʌn'veɪl v.揭开,显示
adjectiveˈædʒɪktɪv adj. 形容词的;从属的n. 形容词
strong weak
threat
strength weaken
threaten
strengthen
valleyvælin.
山谷;流域;溪谷
vacantˈveɪkəntadj. 空虚的;空的;
vacationveɪˈkeɪʃnn. 假期;(房屋)搬出vi. 休假,度假
vanishˈvænɪʃvi. 消失;突然不见;成为零vt. 使不见,使消失n. 弱化音
evacuate
ɪˈvækjueɪt
vtvi.
疏散,撤退;排泄;山谷很空旷,所以va(c)的单词大都和“空”有关
vaccine
ˈvæksiːnn.牛痘苗adj.疫苗的
词根sum拿
assume əˈsjuːm v.假定,假设,认为;拿来sum当做as……→假设
consume kən'sjuːm v.消耗;消费;吃;喝con拿走了sum→没了,消耗掉了
consumer consumption
resume rɪ'zjuːm
v. 把过去的再re拿过来sum→简历,摘要,重新开始
resume doing
sth
重新开始
Peace talks will resume
tomorrow.
和平谈判明天重新启动。
resume your
seatplaceposition.
回到原来的座位原地原来的职位
词根tend=todo表示延伸
tedious
ˈtiːdɪəs冗长的,乏味烦人的stretch strɛtʃ 延伸(stretching,
stretched, stretches)
tend tɛnd vivt.
趋向,倾向;照料,照顾
tend to 倾向于;
往往会
tent tɛnt 帐
intend ɪnˈtɛndto 打算
intention ɪnˈtɛnʃən 意图
intentional
intense
ɪnˈtɛnsin-,进入,使,-tense,延伸,
词源同tend,tense.引申词义绷紧
,皮筋拉长就会紧绷,紧张剧烈的,强烈的
英语 第 30 页(共 12 页)
intensityɪnˈtensəti n. 强度;强烈;(电子) 亮度;紧张
复数 intensities
intensifyɪnˈtensɪfaɪ vi.
增强,强化;变激烈vt. 使加强,使强化;使变激烈
extent ɪkˈstent
n. 程度;范围;长度
extend
ɪkˈstend
vt. 延伸;扩大;推广,对…估价vi. 延伸;扩大;伸展;使疏开
extensionɪkˈstenʃnn. 延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机 复数
extensions
extensiveɪkˈstensɪv adj.
广泛的;大量的;广阔的
专家说从字母象形的角度f像一把宝剑,从而引申为:保卫,保护之义
fence篱笆,障碍物
篱笆不就是起到保卫的作用吗?
汉语的“篱笆”都是竹字
头,因为篱笆是用竹子、木棍等扎起来的,中英文只不过是从不同的角度描
述同一个事物而已
①
fence 篱笆,篱笆就是用来防卫的嘛
defend
防守,辩护
defense 防护
offend 冒犯
offense 进攻 offensiveəˈfensɪvadj.
攻击的;冒犯的;无礼的;讨厌的n. 攻势;攻击
②
同时fence篱笆起到
“界限”的作用,古代很多人的院子都是用篱笆围起来的,篱笆里面是自己家,
外面是别人家:
define 明确,定义,确定
redefineˌriːdɪˈfaɪnvt.
重新定义
defined 有定义的
definite 明确的
definitely
adv. 清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地
definition 定义
③
f和部分表示金融的词汇有关,为啥呢?因为南方人说:发(花)钱了
finance
财政
financial财政的,金融的
fine 罚金
fence fens n,栅栏,围栏,篱笆,障碍物
f也表示轻,飞之意
① 字母f表示轻浮,漂浮,飞等含义
fly 发音:飞来→飞,漂浮
flight 飞行
frighten 飞到天上当然害怕
flow漂扬,流动
float 漂浮
fluid 'fluːɪd
nadj.液(体)(的)
liquid
ˈlɪkwɪd
adj. 液体的;清澈的;明亮的;易变的 n. 液体,流音
英语 第
31 页(共 12 页)
flag
旗帜
fluent 'fluːənt adj.熟练的,流利的
feather 'feðə n.羽毛
flowfləʊ
vt.(水,空气等)漂浮,流动
flount 'fluːənt adj.流利的
confusekən'fjuːz vt.(使)混乱
confusedkənˈfjuːzd adj. 困惑的;混乱的;糊涂的v.
困惑(confuse的过去式)
refuserɪ'fjuːz
v.拒绝,回绝; n. 垃圾,废弃物
influence'ɪnfluəns
vt.n 影响,感化
fluid 'fluːɪd nadj.
液体;液体的
VOLVE
沃尔沃(原瑞典汽车品牌,现被吉利集团收购)
该词根为拟声词跟,模拟物体在控制旋转时的声音,表达“旋转,前进”
evolve ɪ'vɒlv
vtvi. 进化,发展,逐步形成
evolution ‚iːvə'luːʃən
n. 演变;进化论;进展
revolve rɪ'vɒlv vtvi.运行,革命;
n.旋转,循环
volume ˈvɒljuːm n.
量;体积;卷;音量;册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把…收集成卷
involveɪnˈvɒlv vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于
involvement
be involved inwith
clean
clear
clarify
v.dɪ'kleə使……清晰,澄清,阐明
declare v.dɪ'kleə宣布,声明
claim
(cla,cal,cil,clar)=回响,召唤,清楚
联想记忆:
“从来”都是“卖”东西的就得“喊”,不过喊的方式随时代而变,现在多半是通过广告喊出来的。
claim
n. 请求(权);主张,断言,声称;要求物 vt.
请求;主张,声称,断言
acclaim n. 喝采,欢呼,赞同 v.
欢呼,喝采,称赞ac有“一再...”加强意,claim喊,一再喊
exclaim
v.呼喊,惊叫,大声说 ex-出,claim喊;喊出声--->
The newspapers
exclaimed against the government's action.
报纸指责政府的行动。
proclaim vt. 正式宣布,公布,声明,赞扬,显示出
pro-前,claim喊;在前面公开喊出
reclaim
vt.收回;开垦(荒地)(动手把地“收回”)回收;
re-(往)回,claim喊;喊着把属于自己的追回来
calendar n.
日历,月历,日程表 vt. 把 ... 列入日程表 ;cal
喊,-end,-ar后缀;喊-->宣布-->在古罗马,日子的顺序在每月的开始公开宣布
leaf relief proof
leaves
relieve prove
leaf
liːf最大的特征是轻叶子;一张;扇页vi. 生叶;翻书页vt. 翻…的页
(leafing, leafed, leafs, leaves)
relieve
rɪˈliːvvt. 解除,减轻;使不单调乏味;换……的班;解围;使放心
relief
rɪˈliːf n.宽慰; 安心
release rɪˈliːsn.
释放;发布;新发行的东西;排放
looseuːs adj. 宽松的; vt.
释放;开船;放枪vi. 变松;开火adv. 松散地
tight 紧的
英语 第 32 页(共 12 页)
slightslaɪt adj.
轻微的,少量的; vt. 轻视,忽略;怠慢n. 怠慢;
比较级 slighter 最高级
slightest
thesisˈθiːsɪsn. 论文
hypothesishaɪˈpɒθəsɪsn. 假设
为什么hyp表示底?
hight
↓
hyp
大概是个反义造词,类似于中文买卖
hyp:其实指的是 hypo-,这个前缀是hyper-
的反义词。 hypo-如果与元音开头的词根结合,会省略到o,所以就变成你看到的hyp-了。
例子:thesis n.论点;与hypo结合→hypothesis,
这两个前缀是反义的,hyper-是指超越的(物理形态,空间,水平,状态,抽象含义的超越) <
br>hypo是指落后(物理形态,空间,水平,状态,抽象含义)。它们与其他单词或词素组成的新单词往往
具有词义加深,或减退的意
义。比如thesis是指论点,hypothesis是指落后的论点,中
文就翻译为假设,假说。再比如market是市场,hypermarket就是空间上超
越一搬的m
arket,中文就翻译成超大型市场。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,共
10 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
中有两
项为多余选项。
英语 第 33 页(共 12 页)
An
interview is a discussion with someone in which
you try to get information
from them. 46
There are three basic sub-types of
interview: structured interviews,
unstructured interviews and semi-
structured interviews. 47 Incidentally,
“respondent”
and “informant” are words that
are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.
A
great deal is provided by this personal contact:
you are another human being, and
interviewees
will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an
entirely different way from
the way that they
would have reacted to questionnaires that came
through their
letterboxes or to emails. 48
Most people want to help and give their opinions,
and they will usually be energized to help by
your physical presence.
If you take the
trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or
less guaranteed of a
response. Most
importantly, though, you will be able to relate to
interviewees while you
are talking to them.
49 You will be able to watch their behaviour
which will
give you important clues about
how they feel about a topic. Because of the
primacy of
the personal contact, your
appearance and tone are important—how do you want
to be
seen? As “one of us”? As a person in
authority? As an observer? …Or what?
50
However you decide to present yourself, it is
good practice of course to try
to put the
interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to
talk about the weather,
about your journey,
about anything that will break the ice.
A.
This is a ready-made support for you.
B.
Its nature varies with the nature of the
interviews.
C.
You will be able to hear
and understand what they are saying.
D.
Your decision should influence the way that
you look, sound and behave.
E.
The
information may be facts or opinions or attitudes
or any combination of these.
F.
Each
involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact
or telephone contact with
another person.
G.
You will be using these clues to make
informed guesses about what the
interviewees
might really mean.
词汇归类与学习:
authenticɔː'θentɪkadj. 真正的,真实的;可信的;
aut(自己)
+hent(行为人)ic(形容词后缀)→自主行为人所说
的或所做的→并非屈打成招的→真实可信的
近义辨析:authentic强调内容的真实性,genuine强调作者的真实性。但有时候可混用
。
衍生词:authenticity(真实性);authenticate(鉴定);authe
ntication(证明)
author
ˈɔːθə(r)nvt.
作者,创始人
英语 第 34 页(共 12 页)
authorityɔːˈθɒrətin. 权威;权力;当局
authorizeˈɔːθəraɪzvt. 批准,认可;授权给;委托代替
过去式
authorized 过去分词 authorized 现在分词
sequence
ˈsiːkwənsnvt.
继(连)续vt.按顺序排好
sequent
'siːkw(ə)nt
adj. 连续的,相继的
question
questkwestn.
追求;寻找;任务vi. 追求;寻找vt. 探索
解析:学问,某个问题,都得不断探索、寻找、才能得到答案,词根quest表示“寻找”
request vn 要求,恳请(re再+quest→再寻求→要求
)
acquire əˈkwaɪə(r)vt. 获得;取得;学到;捕获
inquireɪn'kwaɪəvtvi.
询问;查究;问明
conquer
ˈkɒŋkə(r)
v.
征服(con全部+quer→全部寻求到→征服)
eye
eyebrow
ˈaɪbraʊn. 眉毛v. 为…描眉;用皱眉蹙额迫使
see
seek
peek偷窥
peep偷看
staresteəv凝视,盯着看
glareɡleəv努视
vision'vɪʒənn.
视力;美景;眼力;幻象;想象力
visa 'viːzənvt. (签发)签证
view 看,视野,风景
overview
preview
previous
reviewrɪ'vjuːn. 回顾;复习;评论;检讨
reviserɪ'vaɪznvt.修正;复习;校订
interview
viewer
video 录像带
visa'viːzənvt签证,被看过后允许通过的东西
vista'vɪstən.远景,展望
↓
vise 有看的含义
devisedɪ'vaɪz从下(左右)看看,才能设计的好!设计,发明,想出,图谋等
devicedɪ'vaɪs要想设计的好,就得有设备,工具!
vision'vɪʒənvtn. 视力;美景;幻视(漫威漫画旗下超级英雄)
visible'vɪzɪbəlnadj. 明显的;看得见的;可见物
英语
第 35 页(共 12 页)
大文豪莎士比亚曾经曰:to be
or not to be
be 存在
is
es
se
se(nt) 存在
present
pre-前,se(nt);存在(的),在场的,出席的;呈现,表现,展现;提出,介绍,完成
presence
at present living in the
present
absent ab不,se(nt)存在;不在的,缺席的
absence
represent 再re出席(参加)
present一次—表达本方的意志,即为代表
representative
adj.典型的,代表性的
be
is n.ɪz
n.存在
essence'esəns n.本质,实质,精华
essential ɪ'senʃəl adj.基本的,本质的,必要的,精华的
英语 第 36 页(共 12 页)
第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35 分)
第一节(15 分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在你们学校网站上看到
了学生参加学
农活动的照片,很感兴趣,发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件,内
容包括:
.1
.2
学农活动的相关信息(时间、内容);
你参加学农活动的感受。
注意:1.词数不少于 50;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
提示词:学农 learn from farmers
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li
Hua
I am extremely to receive
your last e-mai,in which you showed great interest
in the photos published on the school
satisfy
your curiosity about them,I’d like to elaborate
them and the story behind them to you.
Taken last semester when we took part in an
activity called “Learning from Farmers”,these
precious photos remind me of
the unforgettable
and wonderful day ,when we went to the West Hill
Farm to help the farmers to pick only did these
photos recorded our successful activity ,but
reflected our passion for working as well.
There’s no denying that the activity
Learning from Farmers,designed to raise our
awareness of loving working,brought us
remarkable made us realize fruits come from
diligence and great onally,from the activity,we
learned the
importance of respecting farmers
and saving our food.
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
英语 第 37 页(共 12 页)
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学高三
学生李华。上周,你报名参加了学校组织的“学生讲
坛”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英
文周记,记述整个过程。
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
one
possible version
英语 第 38 页(共 12 页)