二战时期德国主要领导及事件
海南医学院录取分数线-感恩手抄报图片
German Leaders in World WarⅡ
Hermann
Goering （赫尔曼·戈林）- Number 2 Leader
Hermann
Goering was a German politician, military leader,
and leading member of the Nazi
Party (NSDAP).
A veteran of World War I as an ace（王牌） fighter
pilot, he was a recipient of the
coveted Pour
le Mérite, also known as Blue Max（蓝马克勋章）. He was
the last
commander of Jagdgeschwader（战斗机联队） 1,
the fighter wing once led by Manfred von
Richthofen（曼弗雷德·冯·里希特霍芬）, （红男爵）.
A member
of the NSDAP from its early days, Goering was
wounded in 1923 during the
failed coup known
as the Beer-Hall Putsch（啤酒馆政变，慕尼黑暴动）. He suffered
from a
lifelong addiction to morphine（吗啡）
after being treated with the drug for his
injuries. He
founded the Gestapo（盖世太保） in
1933. Goering was appointed commander-in-chief of
the
Luftwaffe (air force) in 1935, a position
he held until the final days of World War II.
Adolf Hitler
promoted him to the rank of
Reichsmarschall（帝国元帅）, a rank senior to all other
Wehrmacht
commanders, and in 1941 Hitler
designated him as his successor（继承人） and deputy in
all his
offices.
Goering 's standing with
Hitler was greatly reduced by 1942, with the air
force unable to
fulfill its commitments and
the German war effort stumbling on both fronts.
Goering largely
withdrew（撤出） from the military
and political scene and focused on the acquisition
of property
and artwork, much of which was
confiscated（没收） from Jewish victims of the
Holocaust.
Informed on 22 April 1945 that
Hitler intended to commit suicide, Goering sent a
telegram to
Hitler asking to assume control of
the Reich（德意志帝国）. Hitler then removed Goering from
all
his positions, expelled him from the
party, and ordered his arrest. After World War II,
Goering was
convicted（定罪） of war crimes and
crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials.
He was
sentenced to death by hanging, but
committed suicide by ingesting cyanide（吞食氰化物） the
night before the sentence was to be carried
out.
Joseph Goebbels （约瑟夫·戈培尔）-
Propaganda Expert
Joseph Goebbels was a German
politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in
Nazi
Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of
Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout
（忠实
的）followers, he was known for his zealous
orations（激情的演说） and anti-Semitism（反
犹太主义）.
Goebbels rose to power in 1933 along with
Hitler and the Nazi Party and he was appointed
Propaganda Minister. One of his first acts was
the burning of books. He exerted
totalitarian（集权
主义） control over the media,
arts and information in Germany.
From the
beginning of his tenure（任期）, Goebbels organized
attacks on German Jews,
commencing with the
one-day boycott（联合抵制） of Jewish businessmen,
doctors, and lawyers
on April 1, 1933.
His attacks on the Jewish population culminated in
the Kristallnacht（水晶之
夜） assault of 1938, an
open and unrestrained（放纵的） pogrom（大屠杀） unleashed
by the
Nazis all across Germany, in which
scores of synagogues（犹太教会堂） were burned and
hundreds of Jews were assaulted and murdered.
Further, he produced a series of anti-Semitic
films.
Goebbels used modern propaganda
techniques to ideologically（思想上） prepare the
German
people for aggressive warfare.
During World War II, Goebbels increased his
power and influence through shifting alliances
with other Nazi leaders. By late 1943, the
tide of the war was turning against the Axis（轴心国）
powers, but this only spurred Goebbels to
intensify the propaganda by urging the Germans to
accept the idea of total war and mobilization.
Goebbels remained with Hitler in Berlin to the
end.
After Hitler's suicide, Goebbels
succeeded him as Chancellor. Goebbels along with
his wife
Magda killed their six young children
and then committed suicide. The couple's bodies
were
burned in a shell crater（炮弹坑）, but owing
to the lack of petrol the burning was only partly
effective.
The Nazi book burnings
were a campaign conducted by the authorities of
Nazi Germany to
ceremonially burn books in
Germany and Austria by classical liberal,
anarchist, pacifist,
communist, Jewish, and
other authors whose writings were viewed as
subversive or whose
ideologies undermined the
National Socialist administration.
Heinrich Himmler（海因里希·希莱姆） - Head of the SS
The most feared German leader, he held the
power of life and death over all and did not mind
using it. Being a master organizer made him
even more dangerous. Himmler had the look of a
school teacher. He was quiet and
introverted（内向的) but with so much political power
that he
was allowed to have his own armies
and, at one time, commanded thirty five divisions
of troops in
addition to the Gestapo, the
secret police force and other police apparatus.
The Gestapo was one of the most powerful and
cruel police forces that ever existed.
SS
organizations were responsible for the
concentration camps（集中营）. Although
Himmler
had over 5,000,000 people killed, it is said the
only time he personally watched a group
of
Jews being shot by firing squads（执行死刑的射击队）, he
almost fainted.
Despite his brutality,
Himmler, as early as 1943, foresaw the end for
Germany and he tried to
broker a number of
deals (without Hitler's permission) to end World
War 2 in Europe.
When the war ended, Himmler
blended in（混进） with refugees in an attempt to
escape but
was apprehended（逮捕） and, as he was
being examined by a Doctor, he committed suicide
with
cyanide poison implanted in a tooth.
Hermann Goering Joseph Goebbels
Heinrich Himmler
Rudolf Hess（鲁道夫·赫斯）--
No. 2 Leader in the Early Years
Why Did Hess
Fly to Britain?
The No. 2 leader for a number
of years. Like many German leaders, Hess was
wounded in
World War I. After the war, he
studied for a time at the University of Munich
where he was
heavily influenced by the
geopolitical（地理政治学的） teachings of Professor Karl
Haushofer.
Hess was at Hitler's side in the
1923 Beer-Hall Putsch and was sentenced to prison.
In prison
with Hitler, Hess got Hitler
interested in geopolitics. He also served as
Hitler's secretary and
took dictation as
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf（《我的奋斗》，希特勒所著）. After
prison, he
continued to follow Hitler and also
continued to rise in the Nazi party.
All of
Hess's efforts in the Nazi party came to
naught（失败） in 1941 when he apparently
became
mentally unbalanced（错乱） and flew solo（单独地） to
England for the apparent
purpose of talking
England into a peace treaty. After the war, Hess
was tried at Nuremberg and
sentenced to life
imprisonment.