上海市黄浦区2018年届高三英语一模
潍坊医学院教务系统-签证服务
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黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷
高三英语
（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions：After reading the passage below,
fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
and grammatically correct. For
the blanks with
a given word, fill in each blank with the proper
form of the given word; for the other blanks, use
one word
that best fits each blank.
Just How Buggy is Your Phone?
What item in
your home crawls with the most germs? If you say
___21___ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen
sponges top
the list. But cell phones are
pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as
many germs as toilet seats. People touch their
phones, laptops, and other digital devices all
day long, yet rarely clean them.
In one
incident, a thief paid a terrible price for
stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a
hospital in Uganda during a
widespread of the
deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported
the theft before ___22___（die）from the disease.
Soon,
the thief began showing symptoms and
finally ___23___（confess）to the crime.
___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone
carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad.
Most cause no harm. In fact,
they could
provide helpful information. Look at the surface
of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty
mars?“That's all
you,”says microbial ecologist
Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That’s biological
information.”
It turns out that the types of
germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet
are different from ___25___ of your
friends
and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could
identify you. Some day in the future,
investigators may use these
microbial
fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital
devices may be one of the best places to look for
buggy clues.
In a 2017 study, researchers
sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’
homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to
computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried
to match the microbial fingerprints on each object
to its owner. The office
equipment was easiest
to match to its owner. In an ___27___（early）study,
a different group of researchers found that they
could use microbial fingerprints to identify
the person who ___28___（use）a computer keyboard
even after the keyboard sat
untouched for two
weeks at room temperature.
One day, microbial
signatures might show ___29___ people have gone
and what they have touched. They could prove
___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So,
sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that
inspire you, or does it just bother
you?
Section B
Directions：Complete the
following passage by using the words in the box.
Each word can only be used once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A.
measurement B. similar C. remarkably D.
monetary E. astronomy F. altered
G.
civilization H. defined I. independence J.
invariably K. dominated
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The Nile
The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once
described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the
Nile’. The Egyptians depend
on the river for
food, for water and for life. The Ancient
Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile,
creating the
earliest irrigation systems and
developing a prosperous ___31___.
Snaking
through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost
___32___ each year in June. Once the water
subsided, a rich
deposit of sand was left
behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were
sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and
leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the
Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug
basins and channels to deliver
water to their
land. They also devised simple channels to
transfer water at the peak of the flood.
An
early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to
determine the size of the floods. Later, during
the New Kingdom,
a lifting system called a
shaduf was used to raise water from the river--
___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.
The Egyptians took up some of the earliest
trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system
they exchanged goods,
bringing back timber,
precious stones, pottery, spices and animals.
Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___
advanced:
surgeons performed operations to
remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great
understanding of the human
body-yet they also
relied heavily on various medicines to prevent
disease, and discoveries were often confused with
superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of
time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians
thought the stars were gods.
By the
16
th
century Egypt was under the Ottoman
Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What
is now mostly Arabic
Egypt only won ___38___
from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal,
opened in 1869, __________the country as a
center for world transportation. But it, and
the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971
___40___ the ecology of the
Nile, which now
struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing
population, currently more than 76 million-the
largest in
the Arab world.
Ⅲ. Reading
Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For
each blank in the following passages there are
four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill
in each
blank with the word or phrase that
best fits the context.
Keeping The Taps
Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers 71% of
Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as
a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited
resources is rising, a trend likely to
continue.
It is important to recognize that it
is not just city residents who ___42___ water.
Agriculture, industry and tourism often
require more water than the municipal water
supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___
for agriculture, but locally in
heavily
irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A
healthy environment also requires fresh water, and
the quality of
available water is as important
as its ___44___.
Water stress is not always
caused by physical shortages in dry areas.
___45___ for water resources between different
users within river catchments or basins can
also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates
within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge
of providing adequate water supplies. Cape
Town, ___47___, has faced three years of
drought during which winter rains failed to
materialize. At the end of the 2017
rainy
season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams
running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37%
full—in the same
week four years before they
were full to the top. In January 2018, it was
___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero,
when it would be forced to turn off the taps,
in April. This was despite the city reducing its
water use by more than half,
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from 1.2
billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600
million litres, and working ___50___ with industry
and agriculture to
reduce demand.
On
February 1, the authorities put in place a strict
limit of 50 litres of water per person per day.
___51___, in Britain this
is considered enough
for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine
cycle on full load.
In addition, a ban was
placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water
management devices were installed at
household
with a high water use and the water pressure was
reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the
city launched
a media ___53___ to change
habits and introduced higher duties. This is not
without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both
significant areas of employment, have
___54___. It is a classic example of the problem
of water economics-the cost of
water is low
but the cost of a lack of water is very high.
Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in
danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of
Day Zero must serve
as a wake-up call for
cities across the world to develop cost-effective
water management strategies to cope with an
uncertain
future.
41. A. Impact
42. A. recycle
43. A. restored
44.
A. change
B. Pressure
B. waste
B. source
C. Impression
C. consume
C. origin
C. separated
C.
Construction
C. responding
C. symptom
C. predicted
C. restrictively
C.
inevitable
C. presentation
C. suffered
C. record
(A)
Despite an
advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall
special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is
grounded in
reality far more than in fantasy.
Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel,
the screenwriters David Paterson and
Jeff
Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely
affecting story of a transformative friendship
between two
unusually gifted children. The
result is a movie whose emotional depth could
appeal more to adults than to their children.
Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader
with four sisters, financially tensed parents and
a talent for drawing. An
introverted(内向的) kid
who is regularly picked on by the school buses,
Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie
(Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose
parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An
attraction between outsiders, their
friendship
feeds on her words and his pictures; together they
create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind
their homes,
a world they can control and
where their minds can wander free.
Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in
school can occur as large as a monster in a
nightmare and the
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D. Observation
D. apply
D. preserved
D. volume
D. Regulation
D. referring
D. as a result
D. security
D.
explained
D. extensively
D. What’s more
D. influential
D. advertisement
D.
proceeded
D. threat
B. abstracted
B.
Protection
B. regarding
B. for example
B. presented
B. increasingly
B.
drinkable
B. statement
B. liberated
B. theory
45. A. Competition
46. A. contributing
47. A. in addition
48. A. prospect
49. A. reported
C. on
the contrary
B. illustration
50. A.
respectively
52. A. feasible
53. A.
campaign
54. A. invaded
55. A. change
Section B
51. A. By
comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise
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encouragement of a teacher can alter the
course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the
fantasy in the background to find
magic in the
everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first
feature, like someone close to the pain of being
different,
fascinated in tiny, perfect
details.
With strong performances from all
the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to
handle adult topics with sensitivity. As
the
emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t
read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the
filmmakers cause
without ever resorting to
horror or terror. In other words, your children
may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.
Consistently smart and delicate as a spider
web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of
children’s movie rarely seen
nowadays. At a
time when many public schools are being forced to
cut music and art from the curriculum, the story’s
insistence on the healing power of a
cultivated imagination is both welcome and
essential.
56. The second paragraph
indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.
(B)
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A. lost
their control over the imaginary kingdom
B.
looked down on their individual realities
C.
formed a good friendship despite their different
talents
D. wrote a book about a magical land
called Terabithia
A. criticized B. ignored
C. delighted D. shocked
57. Which of the
following words is most likely to replace
“traumatized” (paragraph 4)?
58. The two
children most likely ________.
A. skipped
school to play in the woods behind their campus
B. created an imaginary world as an escape
from reality
C. disappointed their parents
with their over-active imaginations
D. won
against the bullies at school with strong
performances
A. The fantasy components of the
movie were too over-done.
B. The movie is
motional but not much too dramatic.
C. “Bridge
to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public
school education.
D. Children shouldn’t watch
the film as they are too young to understand the
topics.
59. Which of the following statements
will the author most probably agree with?
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Hot Air Balloons
A hot air balloon is
made
up of 3 main parts:
The Envelope
The actual fabric balloon
which holds the
air
The Burner
The unit which pushes
the
heat up into the envelope
The
Basket
Where the passengers and
pilot
stand
The basis of how the balloon works
is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is
because hot air is lighter than cool air
as it
has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be
defined by the measure of how much matter
something contains. The
actual balloon has to
be large as it takes a large amount of heated air
to lift it off the
ground.
The
burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the
envelope to move the balloon off the ground and
into the air. The
pilot must keep firing the
burner at regular intervals throughout the flight
to ensure that the balloon continues to the
stable.
Naturally, the hot air will not escape
from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as
firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the
floating power keeps it moving up.
To
move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the
propane value which lets the propane flow to the
burner which in
turn frees the flame up into
the envelope. It works in much the same way as a
gas grill: the more you open the valve, the
bigger the flame to beat the air and the
faster the balloon rises.
The “Parachute
Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is
used to bring the balloon down towards the ground.
It is a
circle of fabric cut out of the top of
the envelop which is controlled by a rope which
runs down through the middle of the
envelope
to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the
balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope
which will open the
valve, letting hot air
escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This
cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its
rise.
The pilot can operate horizontally by
changing the vertical position of the balloon
because the wind blows in different
directions
at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move
in a particular direction, he or she simply arises
and falls to the
appropriate level and rides
with the wind.
60. The purpose of this
article is to __________.
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A. explain how hot air balloons work
B.
illustrate why hot air balloons are useful
C.
describe hot air balloons’ structure
D. inform
readers about how hot air balloons are made
61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve”
could not be released after it was opened?
A.
The inside of the balloon would continue to heat
up.
B. The balloon would climb up more rapidly
C. The self-sealing valve would need to take
over the role of the Parachute Valve.
D. The
balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.
62. Which of the following skills or knowledge
would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?
A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric
together to make a balloon.
B. An
understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.
C. A knowledge of the background of passengers
who are travelling in the balloon.
D. A
knowledge of air currents and wind directions in
the area where he is piloting the balloon.
(C)
The surface of Venus has never
seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around
470°C(900°F), the result of a
runway
greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its
atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric
acid(硫酸), is some 90
times that of Earth’s.
Lead(铅) would flow like water on Venus, and water
cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a
billion years.
Now NASA’S Magellan
spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in
the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last
week the space agency released the first
detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images
ever made of its surface. The
picture offer
the best evidence to date that a planet once
assumed dead is actually a lively pot of
geological change.
The most amazing image is
of Venus’s second tallest mountain, Maat Mons,
which rises 8km(5 miles) . Most of the
planet’s many peaks, including
9.5-km-(6-mile-) high Maxwell Montes, look bright
in the radar pictures Magellan takes
from its
orbit above the permanent could cover. That means
they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But
Maat Mons is
dark; like the Stealth bomber, it
absorbs much of the radar falling on it.
This interesting fact, say project scientists, is
a strong hint that the mountains has recently been
covered with lava(熔岩).
Rock that sits on the
surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly
in the hot , chemically reactive atmosphere,
creating a soil that is rich in iron
sulfide(硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists
believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If
Maat Mons doesn’t have any, it has probably
been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few
years.
Such resurfacing has undoubtedly
taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of
the planet showed vast areas that are
remarkably free of craters(火山坑). That would be
easy to explain on a Planet like Earth, where
cratering from meteor
strikes is erased by
steady erosion. But while there is some evidence
of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for
the
lack of cratering is periodic lava flow.
Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows,
including dome like upwellings
and hardened
streamed of rock trailing down the sides of
Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other
geologic activities,
including dramatic
faulting and several distinct incidents of
mountain building. But the evidence can’t indicate
whether they
really occurred millions of years
ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not
yet proved, but Magellan, which is now
well
into its second complete survey of the planet’s
surface, may eventually settle the issue.
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63. Which of the following has NO
possibility to be found on Venus now?
A.
Carbon dioxide B. Sulfuric acid C.
Liquid water D. Active volcanoes
64. The
scientists believe that _________ shows up easily
on radar.
A. geological change B. iron
sulfide C. mountain mineral D. lava flow
65. Which of the following is TRUE according
to the passage?
A. The resurfacing has changed
the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.
B. The wind erosion on Venus is caused by
periodic lava flows
C. Streams of rock
trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be
seen on Earth
D. Other geologic activities
have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate
phenomenon.
66. What can be inferred from the
passage?
A. NASA’S Magallan spacecraft fails
to stand the environment of Venus.
B. There is
clear and confirmed evidence for the active
Venusian volcanoes on Venus.
C. Some evidence
of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA
astronauts.
D. Magellan will conduct a follow-
up complete survey of the Venus’ surface.
Section C
Directions: Read the following
passage. Fill in each blank with a proper
sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be
used only once. Note that there are two more
sentences than you need.
A. However, facial
recognition seems merely to encode them.
B.
Research show that artificial intelligence can
reconstruct the facial structures of people.
C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for
facial-recognition programs to use.
D.
Technology is rapidly catching up with the human
ability to read faces.
E. Continuous facial
recording that paints computerized data onto the
real world might change
the texture of social
interactions.
F. The astonishing variety of
facial features helps people recognize each other
and is crucial to
the formation of complex
societies.
Nowhere To Hide:What
Machines Can Tell From Your Face
The human
face is a remarkable piece of work. 67 So is
the face’s ability to send emotional signals,
whether
through the unconscious shame or the
trick of a false smile. People spend much of their
waking lives, in the office and the
courtroom
as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces,
for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and
deceit. They also
spend plenty of time trying
to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.
68 In America facial recognition is used by
churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in
Britain, by retailers to
spot past
shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to
arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China
it confirms the
identities of ride-hailing
drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and
lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s
new
iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the
homescreen.
Set against human skills, such
applications might seem enhancive. Some
breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet,
obviously transform human abilities. 69
Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they
are also public, so
technology does not, at
first sight, intrude on something that is private.
And yet the ability to record, store and analyse
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images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a
vast scale promises one day to bring about
fundamental changes to notions of
privacy,
fairness and trust.
70 Masking true
feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If
your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and
your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages
and working relationships will be more truthful,
but less harmonious. The
basis of social
interactions might change, too, from a set of
commitments founded on trust to calculations of
risk and reward
derived from the information a
computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships
might become more reasonable, but also
transactional.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage.
Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of
the passage in no more than
60 words. Use your
own words as far as possible.
Sport Tourism
Tourism is the world’s largest industry and is
predicted to grow well into the years to come.
Increasingly, the economic
importance of
tourism has been recognized by governments around
the world. At the same time, the tourism industry
has
become more complicated in its development
and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the
fastest growing parts of the
tourism industry
is travel related to sport and physical activity.
A recent survey found that while the traditional
beach and
sight-seeing vacations continue to
predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that
opportunities to participate in sports
were
important when selecting a vacation.
The term
sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to
describe sport-related leisure travel. It is
generally
recognized that three are three
broad categories of sport tourism. The first
category. Watching sporting events or Sports
Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as
FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the
Olympic games.
Tournament sponsored by the
Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis
Association are also part of the
spectator-
centered sector of sport tourism.
The second
type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia
sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-
related
attractions. Visits of the sports
halls of fame fall into this category. Another
form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism
that has emerged in recent years is meeting
famous sports personalities. The cruise industry
has been experienced in this
area. Sports
theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise”
arrange for passengers to meet personalities from
sports
while on board.
Active
participation is the third category of sports
tourism. This is composed of individuals who
travel to participate in
golf, skiing, and
tennis in particular, although other sports such
as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the
US.
第II卷（共40分）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences
into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant)
73.
这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent)
74.
自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for)
75.
青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which)
VI. Guided Writing
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Directions: Write an English composition in
120-150 words according to the instructions given
below in Chinese.
76. 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你的网友
王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你求教，请给他回复一封
电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容：
●描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征
●如何记好笔记的建议
（注意：中文请不要出现真实的校名人名）
黄浦区2018年第一学期高三期终调研测试
英语试卷参考答案
I.
Listening Comprehension
1-5 CDCBA 6-10
DCCAC
11-15 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20
DCCB
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. the 22. dying 23.
confessed 24. Although Though 25. those
26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29.
where 30. that
Section B
31. G 32. J
33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H
40. F
III. Reading Comprehension
41-45
BCBDA 46-50 CBBAC
51-55 ABACD
Section B
56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66
CBAD
Section C
67-70 FDAE
IV.
Summary writing
71.
The tourism
industry is developing fast prosperously with
different forms, among which sports to tourism
grows
fastest. Sports tourism is defined as
travel related to sport physical activities and
consists of include three main categories.
The
first is watching sports events game. The second
includes visiting famous sports related
attractions places and
meeting well-known
famous sports people personalities. And the third
is a active participation.(52 words)
V.
Translation
72. Many people are totally
ignorant of their potential(abilities talents).
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73. These policies are to some extent
responsible for the region’s economic decline.
74. Since ancient times people have longed for
a peaceful world to live together in friendship
with people from of all
countries.
Since ancient times people have longed for a
peaceful world, where people of all different
countries live together in
friendship.
75.
The development trend of youth adolescent teenager
problem deserves our attention and research
analysis, which also
deserves the joint
efforts of the whole society to find solution.
宁可累死在路上，也不能闲死在家里！宁可去碰壁，也不能面壁。是狼就要练好牙，是羊就要
练好腿。什么是奋斗？奋斗就是每天很难，可一年一年却越来越容易。不奋斗就是每天都很容易，可一年一年越来
越难。能干的人，不在情绪上计较，只在做事上认真；无能的人！不在做事上认真，只在情绪上计较。拼一个春夏
秋冬！赢一个无悔人生！早安！—————献给所有努力的人
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