高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意-文章大意题考查解读
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2020届二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意文章大意题考查解读
【题型解读】
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人
物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文
章大意类题。设问形式常有：
(1)What is the main
themetopicidea of thisthe passagethe
text?
(2)What does the textpassage mainly focus on?
(3)The passage is mainly about .
(4)The generalmain idea of the passage is
.
(5)The passage mainly focuses on .
解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，
具体段落的
中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想
的方法是建立在
理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，
各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句
的整体归纳便是文
章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这
就需要进
一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”
和支撑性细节。
主题句的位置一般有以下几种：
(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解
释或拓展主
题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说
明文或议论文通
常采用这种写法。
(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常
见的归纳法写作方式。
(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出
主题。
(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一
步解释。
以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in
fact，actually
等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为
体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in
short，conclude，
conclusion等词。
例如：【真题感悟】中第39
题，通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马
拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined to
be myself，move
forward，free of shame and
worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now
call myself a
‘marathon winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松
源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。
【课堂练习】
A
Visitors must
present all carried items for inspection upon
inspection，all bags，backpacks，umbrella，parcels
and other items as determined by security
officers must be left
in the checkrooms，free
of charge，close to each
oversized
bags，backpacks and luggage must be left in the
checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of
either the East or
West items will have to be
X-rayed before being
of value，such as laptop
computers，cameras and
fur coats，may not be
left in the checkrooms but may be carried
into
the
1
regret that the museum doesn’t have
enough
space for visitors’ items larger than
17×26 inches in the
gallery.
Additional
security
6
procedures and checks may be
taken
according to the decision of the
gallery.
For the safety of the artworks and
other visitors，nothing
may be carried on a
visitor’s front-baby carriers
are allowed，but
children may not be carried on shoulders or
in
a child carrier worn on the hairs are available
free of charge near each checkroom.
Smoking is
7
and drink are not
permitted
outside the food service ed bottled
water may be
carried only in a visitor’s
phones may not be used in
the gallery.
Animals，other than service animals，are
not permitted.
Skateboarding is prohibited.
Picture-taking(including video) for personal
use is
permitted except in the special
exhibits.
Please don’t touch the works of art.
错误!
1．According to the text，which item
can be carried into the
gallery?
A．Umbrella.
C．iPad.
答案 C
解析
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，伞、背包和手提包等都
不可以带进国家美术馆。故选C。
2．When in the gallery，what can visitors do?
A．They can carry opened bottled water in their
bags.
B．They can drink inside the food service
areas.
C．They can take pictures for personal
use anywhere.
D．They must pay if they use
wheelchairs for the children.
答案 B
解析
细节理解题。根据带星号要点的第二点中的“Food and drink
are not
permitted outside the food service
areas.”可知，他们
可以在食品服务区内吃喝。
3．What is the
text mainly about?
A．The
2
policies of
the gallery.
B．The artworks of the gallery.
C．The location of the gallery.
B．Package.
D．Suitcase.
D．The history of the
gallery.
答案 A
解析 文章大意题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要讲述了关于参
观国
家美术馆的一些注意事项。也就是：美术馆的政策。故选A。
B
Would you buy a car that
3
released
calming smells into the
air when you are stuck
in heavy traffic? Would you buy a robot
that
smells like a human being?
Many people have
seen the 3-D computer-made environments
of
virtual(虚拟的) reality (VR)．Now these virtual worlds
will
not just look and sound chers have
created VR
environments that even smell like
the real the new
technology，users open a
virtual door and step into a new
environment，like a they enter this virtual
world，special equipment releases forest-like
smells into the
air to make the experience
seem more real.
Suzanne Fisher-Murray said，“It
is a really wonderful
experience that you have
because you’re exploring this
environment and
you have smells with it.”
In the United
States，Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide
smells during the showing of a Smell-O-Vision
system
was once popular in the ，Emanuela
Maggioni says it is
close to becoming popular
again.“The connection with
emotions，
memories，and ...the sense of smell，”
Maggioni said.“It is
unbelievable what
we can do with technology.”
The uses for smell
technology are not just limited to films
and
the performing chers showed a computer program
where users could imagine themselves driving a
system
included a special smell-spraying
5
js Dmitrenko
said，“We want to deliver
the smell of lavender(薫衣草) every
time the
person drives over the speed choose lavender
because it’s a very calming smell.”
Scientists are experimenting with smell
instead of sounds
or image-based alerts on
telecommunications
businesses are already
using smell to influence people’s
behavior.“Not only...in stores...But on the
other side，you can
create and stimulate(刺激)
immediate buying，” Maggioni
said.“So you’re in
a library and you smell coffee and actually
you are
4
unconsciously having the need
to drink a coffee.”
语篇解读 这篇文章主要讲了嗅觉技术的发展。
4．Using smell technology，researchers make VR
environments .
A．have a smell of a
rainforest
B．even smell like real ones
C．look like a 4-D environment
D．impress
people with a virtual world
答案 B
解析
细节理解题。由第二段第三句“Researchers have created VR
environments that even smell like the real thi
ngs.”可知，研
究人员使用嗅觉技术使得虚拟现实环境像真实的事物一样。故选B。
5．The example of Smell-O-Vision proves that
.
A．America is the first to use smell
technology
B．cinemas are the most suitable for
smell sense
C．smell technology has been tried
before
D．it was out of date to use smell-
spraying devices
答案 C
解析
推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知，Smell-O-
Vision的例子证
明嗅觉技术之前已经被尝试过。故选C。
6．How is
smell technology used by businessmen?
A．To
make buyers understand salesmen better.
B．To
remind people of their unrealistic buying.
C．To help customers choose their favorite
goods.
D．To encourage people to buy something
suddenly.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“And
businesses are already
using smell to
influence people’s behavior.‘Not only...in
stores...But on the other side，you can create
and stimulate(刺
激) immediate
buying，’”可知，商人使用嗅觉技术影响人们的行
为，鼓励人们买东西。故选D。
7．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The development of smell technology.
B．A
major breakthrough of smell technology.
C．The
sense of smell in human communication.
D．The
advanced smell-spraying devices.
答案 A
解析 文章大意题。这篇文章主要讲了嗅觉技术的发展。故选A。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1．The paintings hang in a single，long space in
the gallery.
画廊
2．A policy is a set of
ideas or plans that is used as a basis
for
making decisions，especially in
politics，economics，or
business.政策
3．We
have to release the news before 5 o’clock tomorrow
morning.
发布
4．She was unconscious but her
heart was still beating.无意识
的
5．You should
take the electronic device that tells the starter
when an athlete has moved from his blocks
prematurely.设备，
装置
(二)同义词语替换
6．Police
insist that Michael did not follow the correct
procedure in applying for a s
7．The new
rules prohibit smoking in places like
restaurants，
hotels，railway stations or
theatres，but not at the
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1．After
inspection，all bags，backpacks，umbrella，parcels and
other items as determined by security
officers must be left in
the checkrooms，free
of charge，close to each entrance.
[句式分析]
本句话是一个是复合句，主句是被动语态，主语为all
bags，backpacks，umbrella，parcels and other
items，谓语是must
be left；After inspection，in the
checkrooms，free of charge，
close to each
entrance都是状语；从句是as determined by security
officers，省略了they are，是方式状语从句。
[精美译文] 检查后，所
有的包、背包、雨伞、包裹和其他东西，都
按检查员的决定，必须放在检查室里免费保管，靠近每个入口
处。
2．Soft front-baby carriers are allowed，but
children may not
be carried on shoulders or in
a child carrier worn on the back.
[句式分析]
本句话是一个并列句，由连词but连接；but前后的句
子都是被动语态。worn on the
back为过去分词作定语。
[精美译文]
软的前置的婴儿背带允许带入，但是不能把儿童扛在肩
上，也不能用穿在后背上的儿童背带背着。
强化训练
A
If some parts of a body
are very sick or damaged，then doctors
might
need to remove r way doctors can help is to grow
new tissue to replace what is sick or is
called
regenerative medicine(再生医学)．
Regenerative medicine sounds like something
from a science
fiction movie but it is not a
new our bones，we have
something called
“marrow”，which makes our blood and keeps us
s
have been giving sick people the bone marrow
from other healthy people for the last 30 or
40 years，and this
is a kind of regenerative
medicine.
Newer developments in regenerative
medicine include growing
new skin in a
laboratory and using it to help people who have
been hurt in fires or r example of
regenerative
medicine is a technique developed
from studying frogs and
cells are old，like in
adults，they can’t change what
they do in our
example，a skin cell can’t change into
an eye
when cells are very young，they can become any
cell young cells are called stem cells，and
doctors
can use them to grow any type of
tissue，such as skin，heart or
Gurdon and
Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel Prize for
their studies in this area.
Professor
Fiona Watt，from the Centre of Regenerative
Medicine at King’s College，London，believes
that regenerative
medicine is so exciting
because many different kinds of experts
need
to work together.3D printers may be used to print
new bones
by experts，who need to work closely
with university scientists
and the surgeons
who do the operations in hospitals.
We can not
yet grow new arms or legs for people，but the
science fiction dream of regenerative medicine
may be closer
than we s in the future，doctors
will be able to grow
whole new bodies for us.
错误!
1．What’s the main idea of
the passage?
A．How to help very sick or
damaged people.
B．Regenerative medicine and
science fiction.
C．We can grow our new bodies
in the future.
D．Regenerative medicine and its
development.
答案 D
解析 文章大意题。文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，
再生医学的具
体应用和发展过程及前景。“Regenerative medicine and
its
development”是全文的主旨，故选D。
2．Which of the
following is TRUE according to this passage?
A．Marrow can help grow new bones.
B．Stem
cells can be used to grow any type of tissue.
C．Surgeons now use 3D printers to print new
bones.
D．Regenerative medicine is a new
science in medicine.
答案 B
解析
细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“These young cells are
called
stem cells，and doctors can use them to grow any
type of
tissue，such as skin，heart or
eye.”可知，医生可以用干细胞来
分化成任何类型的组织。故选B。
3．What’s
the writer’s attitude to the development in
regenerative medicine?
A．Pessimistic.
C．Doubtful.
答案 B
解析
推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，再生医学的科幻梦可能比我
B．Optimistic.
D．Indifferent.
们想象的更接近，也许在将来，医生能够为我
们生产出全新的身体。
由此可推知作者对再生医学的发展充满希望，持乐观的态度。故选B。
B
During the holiday season，many of us
feel pressure to find
our loved ones the
“perfect” ? Because gift-giving has
long been
considered a prime way to express r，recent
research suggests that small acts of
kindness，like a kind word，
hugging a child or
receiving sympathy，make people feel most
loved
and supported.
In the study,495 men and women
between the ages of 18 and
93 completed a
questionnaire evaluating 60 possible ways that
people can feel storyboards included
situations like
spending time with
friends，receiving gifts，and spending time
in
survey also included negative interactions，like
being controlled and criticized(批评) by others.
The findings highlighted the psychological
benefits that
close relationships can
fact，study participants ranked
human
interaction as a more significant expression of
love than
receiving material items，like ting
with others
was also rated more highly than
getting positive feedback on the
Internet，indicating that people get the most
support from
personal human contact.
“During the holidays，anxiety rises，making it
harder to
remain present with ourselves and
r，the power of
spending time with another
person is a gift we can give at any
moment，” says Naumburg，a mindfulness
coach and social
worker in Newton， suggests
balancing party planning and
online shopping
with moments of human ties
like reading to a
child，meeting a friend for a walk，or taking
a
moment to call a family member，are ways to express
love and
care and can keep us emotionally
grounded.
While the idea of offering loved
ones the gift of our time
may pale in
comparison to giving them a generous
present，recent
research shows shared human
experiences can tighten social
e personality
differences，most people agree on what
makes us
feel loved—the presence of our loved ones.
错误!
4．What does the text mainly
focus on?
A．Gift and holiday economy.
B．Social and personal relationships.
C．Stress and human progress.
D．Selfish and
generous love.
答案 B
解析 文章大意题。文章主要讨论了善意的小行为
能够让人们感受到
被爱和支持，是有关社会和人际关系话题的文章。
5．What can
we know about the questionaire?
A．About 500
men participated in it.
B．Participants
disliked negative interactions.
C．A wide range
of age groups got involved.
D．Participants had
limited ways to feel loved.
答案 C
解析
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In the study,495 men and
women
between the ages of 18 and 93 completed a
questionnaire
evaluating 60 possible ways that
people can feel loved.”可知，
参与调查的人员年龄范围非常广泛。
6．What does Naumburg intend to tell us?
A．People often find it difficult to stay with
others.
B．Face-to-face connection is a gift to
show love.
C．Reading to a child is the best
way to convey love and care.
D．Balancing
holiday activities with relaxation is recommended.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Activities like
reading
to a child，meeting a friend for a
walk，or taking a moment to
call a family
member，are ways to express love and care and can
keep us emotionally
grounded.”可知，面对面交流是一份能表达爱
的礼物。
7．What might
be the best title for the text?
A．Gift-giving
Is Already Out of Date
B．Social Interaction
Lights Up Your Holidays
C．It Is Not Presents
but Presence That Counts
D．Stress Causes
People to Withdraw from Others
答案 C
解析
标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句“Despite personality
differences，most people agree on what makes us
feel loved—the
presence of our loved ones.”可知，
礼物不如面对面交流重要，这
是该项研究的结论，也是对全文的总结。故选C。