哈工大数控大作业(全部)
西北政法大学研究生-少年先锋队队史
《数控技术》课程（2014）
大作业
院 （系）
专 业
姓 名
学 号
班 号
任课教师
完成日期
机械
2014.3.23
哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院
2014年3月
说 明
一、大作业应包括下列主要内容：
1. 目录；
2.
题目1的要求（精简版）与报告；
3. 题目2的要求（精简版）与报告；
4.
题目3的要求（精简版）与报告；
5. 其他内容
二、注意事项：
1.
报告可以打印，也可以手写，手写的请扫描后粘贴入word文件中，
形成电子文档；
2.
调研部分，不要为了凑字数，而撰写大量无关内容。字数不重要，重
要的是对调研内容的自我总结；
3. 在大作业的最后，如果愿意，可以谈一下对课程的感受和建议；
4.
报告的电子版请以班级为单位，刻录在光盘中交给任课教师。
三、报告请用A4纸双面打印，左侧装订，统一交给任课教师，以备检查。
四、此说明页请勿删除。
I
目 录
大作业一
Abstract....................
..................................................
..................................................
..1
Intrduction...............................
..................................................
.....................................2
The
current status of open CNC system.................
..................................................
......3
The propect of open CNC system........
..................................................
........................4
References..........
..................................................
..................................................
........5
大作业二................................
..................................................
......................................7
大作业三..
..................................................
..................................................
................10
II
以下为正文部分
The current
status and prospect of open CNC system
Abstract
Nowadays,CNC system,which is
short for computer numerical control system,is
playing an important role in the progress of
industrial production. In the
meantime,open
CNC systems are becoming one of the most important
directions of
CNC technology. The research
purpose of open CNC systems is to build a modular,
reconfigurable and expandable architecture of
CNC systems to improve the system’s
flexibility, and enable the systems to be re-
developed .As a result, CNC systems can
be
responsive to the market quickly and the
development of
international open CNC
projects, more attention is paid to open CNC at
home. But
relative researches are still at the
stage of beginning .Though technology of open
CNC system is not mature,many scholars believe
it has a broad prospects for
development .
Key words:open CNC system; current status;
prospect; develop
1 Introduction
As we all
know,traditional CNC system benifit workers in
factories as a result of its
features which
can make the production line as the times
progress,more and more scientists find there
are some defect of the traditional system:
ation, repair and operator training depends on
the manufacturer of CNC
system
maintenance cost is high;
3. Function
expansion and update of the system depends
entirely on the company,;
4.A large number of
commercially available and inexpensive generic
hardware and
software cannot be used in
appropriative CNC system.
Though there are
plenty of shortcoming, most of the market is still
occupied by
traditional main reason of such
phenomenon is the technology of open
CNC is
immature and it will take some time for our new
system integrating into the
soon as the price
and function of open CNC system can be accepted by
subscribers,it will replace the traditional
system quikely and occupy the market
1
rapidly.
Here is the
development of open CNC system:
Without a
unified definition of open CNC system
nowadays,openness is generally
perceived as mo
dularity,portability,extendibility,interoperabilit
y and scalability
[1]
. In
the 1980s,the
design philosophy open architecture controllers
began to draw wide
made great progress over
the last 20 years as the research on open
architecture controllors because an important
trend in the field of advanced
ion of a
realization basis for advanced manufacturing
technology is the purpose of the most studies
on developing an open architecture
CNC
controllor
[2]
.
The first open
architecture controller was the MOSAIC system
developed by New
York University in
1998
[3]
.Since then,ever-more-increasing
efforts around the world
have been made into
introduce open-architecture systerm for industrial
of the most important achievements was achived
in 1992 within the frame of
European projece
named OSASA
[4].
In1994,in Japan,a similar
project named OSEC
under the IROFA
Consortium
[5].
was carried out,and earlier
in the USA a number of
American researchers
acquired outstanding progresses in the realm of
OMAC
[6]
.In
China,ther are also many
scientific researchers engaged in the field of
exploiting and
developing open CNC system,some
of them have manufactured
instance, some
experts of Harbin Institute of Technology have
manufactured one kind
of prototypes named HIT
CNC.
2. The current status and
of open CNC system
In order to solve the
problems of the traditional CNC system, open CNC
system
has the basic characteristics of the
following five aspects:
1. hardware module,
software selection of the control system
shouldn’t be controlled by a single re and
software can be replaced
each other according
to function, reliability and performance we
should make sure that the interchange does not
affect the overall operation of the
system
coordination;
2. function and the scale of
the CNC system can be arranged
flexibly and
they should be easy to be modified. We can Control
the size of the system
(hardware or software)
according to the specific application
3. re
and equipment system don’t depend on devices.
Various
functional modules can be operated on
different control system.
2
4. Scalability. The users of one CNC system
can effectively integrate own software
into
the other NC system to form a special system of
their increase or
decease of function can be
realized by loading or unloading modules of the
system;
5. Interoperability. Through the
standard interface, communication and interaction
mechanism,we can make different function
module operated on the system platform
in the
form of standard application means of the methods
above,different
function module can coordinate
each other primely.
Because of so many
advantages of open CNC system,a great many
companies and
scientific research institution
devote themselves to develop ys there are
three kinds of model have been put foward and
manufactured:
1. Derivative model makes PC
embedded in are some
company have developed
this model sucessfully,such as FANUC16i18i,
Simens840D,
NumIO60 CNC system. Compared with
the traditional special CNC system, the
structure of this kind of CNC system is more
open and and the function is more
powerful.
But the system software and hardware structure of
this system is very
complex, prices of it are
also very expensive, manufacturers of small CNC
machine
tools do not have the economic
capacity to buy in general.
ed model makes
the motion controlling cards of NC
embedded in
PC. Motion controlling cards applied by this model
often choose
high-speed DSP as CPU, which has
great abilities to control the motion and the PLC
of the systerm.A company named MAZAK in Japan
has manufactured MAZATROL
640 CNC .It’s easy
for this system to improve and update the
function. The control
function of the system
is mainly realized by motion control the
hardwares
of machines change,operators only
need to modify the software part of the
users
think it has high rate of quantity and kind can
satisfy
the need of most of the manufacturers
of CNC machine tools.
3. The open CNC system
composed by is the latest open CNC
system
architecture model. All numerical control function
,including interpolation,
position control,are
realized by computer software. Compared with the
previous
several CNC system,this type has the
highest it’s more compepititve in the
market.
The typical products are Open CNC made by MDSI of
the USA, Automation
PA8000NT made by Power of
Germany and NUM1020 system made by NUM .
Open
CNC system in China, compared with foreign
research status, is still in the
initial
stage.
In China, medium and high-grade
products are mainly imported from forein
3
own company can only take
the lead on the market of low-grade
copanies
like Zhonghua,Lantian and Huazhong make
contributions to
this these
companies,Huazhong have made five-axis linkage CNC
machine tools,which has the most advanced open
CNC system in our country.
Due to the high
price of open CNC systems,all of the above 3 kinds
are not used
extensively by many factories
specialists should come up with a new
idea and
put forward a practical scheme to popularize these
open CNC systems.
prospect of open CNC system
With the degree of industrial automation
improving,many industry insides are
optimistic
about the prospect of open CNC system. A large
portion of them firmly
believe this kind of
system has a bright makes them so confident of
open CNC system is the current manufacturing
specific reason will be set
forth as follow:
requirements of production system. At the
production site, moderate
investment, simple,
distributed production system, is more popular
than centralized
production systems with a
huge investment. Distributed control system can be
divided
into several subsystems, which can
decrease the difficulty of the design and
implementation .To develop the distributed
control system,we should improve our
open CNC
system other words,an excellent open CNC system
can
effectually promote the development of
industry.
2. The objective needs of devices.
In some cases, manufacturers of machine tool
don't need all the functions of CNC system,
but hope they can achieve functions that
they
desire. In these cases, users hope CNC system has
a certain degree of
which can be modified,
amended, reconfigured and expanded in accordance
with the
idea of open CNC system can realize
these functions easilly.
rcement of machine
tool factory. The market demand for the
cooperation
between machine tool manufacturers
and the numerical control system. The actual
production put forward new requirements so
that we have to improve the degree of
openness
of CNC.
As we can see,the open CNC system can
satisfy the market, production and
people's
we have no reason to disbelieve open computor
numerical control
system will have rosy
prospects.
Among the three models metioned
above,the open CNC system composed by
softwares will be popular and capture the
market as soon as an economical and
4
reasonable project is put forward
by e compared with the other
systems,it is
more convenient and it accords with our aims to
the most degree. CNC
system of this kind of
structure, whose main function components were
applied in the
form of software, can lead a
technical e such model can achieve a
perfect
combination of computer technology and numerical
control of machine
can forsee, accompanied
with the development of computer technology, the
machine controller of this form will have the
advantage in terms of price and
capability
that other mode can’t match.
To achieve a
fully automated production process,open CNC system
is
can promote the development of machinery
manufacturing and EMI.
Instead of controlling
hardwares now,we will control our devices through
the
computers one day. It can lighten workers’
press and make workers’ operate in a more
relaxed addition,the open CNC system can also
keep workers away
from machines and fulfill
the tasks in a remote place,which can ensure
labours’ safety.
Emphasis on research and
development, technology and products with
independent
intellectual property rights,
sustainable development lays the foundation for
numerical
control industry, the equipment
manufacturing industry of China and even the whole
manufacturing We should catch up with other
countries and try our best to
make
breakthrough in this field.
sions
Since
open CNC system has the brilliant and broad
prospects,many developed and
developing
countries are engaging in this country that
manufactures such
system successfully can
upgrade its industrial level our country
shouldn’t
fall should realize this point and
make efforts to develop our technology
to
progress significantly in this area.
nces
[1]Pritschow G,Altinas Y,Jovane controller
architectue——past,present and
Annals——Manufacturing Technology
2001;50(2):463-470.
[2]Ma Xiong-bo,Han Zhen-
yu,Wang Yongzhang,Fu pment of a
PC-based Open
Architecture Software-CNC e Journal of Aeronautics
20(2007):272-281.
[3]Schofield S,Wright P
architecture conyrollers for machine tools,Part
1:design ctions of the l of Manufacturing
Science and
5
Engineering
1998;120():417-424.
[4]http:.[2004-03-24]
[5]Sawada C, controller architecture
OSEC-Ⅱ:architecture overview
and prototype
systems,IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies &
Factory
’ Angeles,USA,1997;9:543-550.
[6]http:.[2003-09-16]
6
大作业二
一.椭圆DDA插补算法原理及步骤
如图1所示，椭圆的参数方程可表达为：
图1 椭圆曲线
式中：a——椭圆长轴半径；
b——椭圆短轴半径；
t——参数角。
设要在第一象限内逆圆加工一段椭圆曲
线，起点Ps、终点为Pe。当前点Pi(x
i
，
y
i
),经过参数
角
t
后，下一点Pi+1的坐标为（x
i+1
,y
i+1
）。对（3）式求微分
因而从Pi到Pi+1两坐标的增量可近似写作：
7
仿圆弧插补DDA，设累加器为n位，则
k
1
。
则圆弧的插补公式为：
2
n
椭圆插补的步骤如下：
a)运算开始，x轴、y轴被积函数分别存放其初值，即
aa
y
，
x
。
总步长
bb
b)x轴累加器得出的溢出脉冲发送-x方向；二y轴发送处的一处脉冲发送+y方
向；
c）某一轴发出一个进给脉冲后，必须将该轴被积函数的坐标值加以修正。
d）终点判别：每
次累加后，用
x
，
y
与椭圆终点坐标曲线作比较。
当某
个坐标轴到终点，该轴不会有脉冲发出，当两个坐标轴都到终点时，则插补结束。
二.
插补器的结构框图
X被积函数寄存器（yi）
X比例运算器
+
x
t
X积分累加器
x轴送出脉冲
插补迭代
控制脉冲
+
Y比例运算器
8
Y积分累加器
y
Y轴溢出脉冲
Y被积函数寄存器(xi)
三.椭圆DDA插补实例
设有一椭圆，长半轴a=4，短半轴b=2，自起点A(4,0),
终点B(0,2)，顺圆加工，
使用DDA插补此段圆弧。按照上述寄存器方法及步骤，设寄存器整数部
分占3
位，小数部分占3位，共6位，满8溢出。则下表1为插补运算过程
表1 插补运算过程
插补轨迹如下图2
(4,0)
(0,-2)
9
大作业三
一.简述
本作业使用软件为flash软件，可以将图片逐帧转换为动画形式。
二.流程框图
所加工的流程为钻削循环，仿真了钻头运动至初始平面、参考平面以及钻孔的全
过程。其开发流程图为：
设计构思
绘图（画图软件）
将图片导入flash软件
错误
检测结果
正确
结束
三.软件开发框图即最终脚文本
10
进入画图软件
手工绘制第一帧图片
通过画图工具中的功能改变钻
头位置绘制其余帧的图片
将图片导入flash软件的舞台
进行休整调试
否
判断结果是否满足要求
是
结束制作
其得到的.xml文件为
-
1
-
11
动
动
动
动画
画
画
画
动画
-
enabled=
,0,32,0;3,0,8,0;2
,0,1,12;1,0,0,1;
1
动
动
画
画
1_
1_
12
CS4zh_
-
enabled=
13
-
-
enabled=
enabled=
-
位
Alpha
14
-
enabled=
四.仿真视频截取图片
具体图片如下图1：
图1 钻削截图
视频见所交电子版
15