什么是集线器-党员转正申请书范文

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化学化工专业英语答案
第九章 长句练习课后习题答案
• 1、The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with,
one carbon alone forming a double bond,or with two
separate carbons, or with one carbon and one hydrogen
forming only single bonds.
– 译文：氧上的两对电子可与一个碳共用而形成双键，也
可与两个不直接相连的碳原子共用形成单键，也可 与一
个碳原子和氢原子分别形成单键。（相当于三个并列句，
顺译法）
• 2、[Although] organic chemistry is more than 150 years
old, its progress is faster than ever,[ as the result of
new theoretical concepts and experimental techniques
from other areas of science.]
• 译文：尽管有机化学的历史已超过150年，但由于其它领域不
断涌 现出新的理论与实验技术，有机化学的发展速度比以往任
何时候都要快。（倒译法，把as引导的状语从 句提前）
• 3、The synthesis of organic compounds involves conversion
of available substances of known structure, through a
sequence of particular, controlled chemical reactions,
into other compounds bearing a desired molecular
structure.
. . .

. .
– 译文：有机化合物的合成是将已知结构的物质，通过特
定的、可控制的化学反应，转化为含 有目标分子结构的
其它化合物。（顺译法）
• 4、 It is frequently carried out by treating the
hydrocarbon with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric
acid of certain concentration at some temperature
suitable for the particular nitration.
– 译 文：对烃类物质的处理通常是将硝酸与硫酸按一定浓
度比例混合后，于适合的特定温度下进行硝化。（将 某
一部分作为谓语）
• 5、The alternate double bond arrangement in the six carbon
ring is the characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons and
is responsible for the characteristic properties of this
type of compounds.
– 译文：六碳原子环上双键的交替排列 是芳香烃的特征，
这种结构可解释芳香烃的主要性质。（顺译法，难点在
后面一句，必须意译）
• 6、 Total determination of structure is also possible by
means of X-ray diffraction, so that the classical goal
of structure studies- ascertaining the relative spatial
positions of all the atoms in any molecule-can be readily
and routinely attained.
. . .

. .
– 译文：由于通过X-射线衍射也可对结构进行全面测定，
因此我们可以很方便地达到结构研 究的传统目标——确
定任意分子中所有原子的相对空间位置。（分译法，不
够完美）
• 7、On the other hand it has long been the practice to
attempt the synthesis of natural products in the
laboratory once their structures had been determined.
– 译文：换句话说，一旦天然 产物的结构被确定，人们就
一直试图在实验室中将其合成出来。（倒译法，把状语
提前）
• 8、Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural
materials [because
either
the quantity of the natural
product cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement,
or
,
more often, because the physical properties of the
synthetic substance, (which is the common name for
man- made materials), have been chosen, and even
emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use [in
the field (in which it is to be applied)]].
– 译文：许多人造物质正在取代天然物质，因为
一方面< br>天
然产物的数量不能满足不断增长的需求
量
，更多情况下
是合成产物< br>（通常情况下将其称为人造材料）
的物理性
. . .

. .
质已被
选择性加强
，因此
人造材料
将在其应用领域
发挥出最大用途
。
• 9、Valuable solvent vapors carried by a gas stream may
be recovered for reuse by washing the gas with an
appropriate solvent for the vapors.
– 直译：气流中有回收价值的溶剂蒸气可用针对蒸气的恰
当溶剂洗涤来进行回收。
– 倒译：采用适当的溶剂对蒸气进行洗涤，可回收出气流
中有回收价值的原溶剂蒸气。
• 10、At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupric ion
is still reacting with ammonia molecules to form the
complex, and the complex is still decomposing, but just
as much cupric ammonia complex is being decomposed in unit
time as is being formed.
– 在平衡态，两种速率相等；铜离 子仍然在与氨分子形成
络合物，络合物仍然在分解，
但单位时间分解的铜氨络
合物与生 成的刚好一样多
。（顺译法，注意最后一句的
译法）
• 11、 The considerable success of these studies has not
only increased our knowledge (of the intimate details of
chemical change )and greatly expanded the possibilities
of synthesis, but has also brought a theoretical unity
. . .

. .
to the whole field of organic chemistry (which has the
effect of making its principles easier to teach and to
learn).
– 这些研究的重大成就不仅让我们更加 深入了解到化学变
化的详细信息、提高了合成的可能性，还使得整个有机
化学领域带来了理论上 的统一，从而使得有机化学原理
的教与学都变得较为容易。
• 12、 Aluminum remained [unknown][ until the nineteenth
century], [because nowhere in nature is it found free],
[owing to its always being combined with other elements,
most commonly with oxygen],( for which it has a strong
affinity).
– 译文：由于铝极易与氧等有着强烈亲和性的元素相结合，
因此自然界中没有游离态的铝单独存在，故直到19世纪
铝才被发现。
• 13、 Organic chemistry [in the future ]will certainly
continue to blossom [in the same exciting way ](that has
characterized its recent active past), [largely toward
the goals suggested in the three areas above].
– 译文：将来，有机化学会如过去一样的继续繁荣发展，
其发展目标主要是上文所述三方面的容。
. . .

. .
• 14、 [For example], the benzene and toluene are removed
[from the absorption oil]( mentioned above)[ by
contacting the liquid solution with steam], whereupon the
vapors enter the gas stream and are carried away, and the
absorption oil may be used [again].
– 解析：这是由三个句子组成的复句，连接词有：
Whereupon：conj.，因此；and
– 译文：例如，苯和甲苯与带蒸气的液态溶液接触后就可
从上文提及的吸收油里除去，然后蒸 气进入汽流被带走，
吸收油就得到了再利用。
• 15、Magnesium is another mineral（ we now obtain [by
collecting huge volumes of ocean water and treating it
with chemicals]）, although[ originally ]it was derived
[only from brines or from the treatment of such
magnesium-containing rocks as dolomite, (of which whole
mountain ranges are composed)].
– 译文：镁是现在可通过化学物质对海水进行处理而制得
的另一种矿物质，不过最初镁只能从卤水中获得，或从
可组成整个山脉的白云石等含镁岩石中获得。
• 16、The idea that the four valence bonds of the carbon
atom are directed toward the corners of a regular
tetrahedron was advanced [in 1874r][ by Van't Hoff]
. . .

. .
and[ independently by Le Be1]to explain the existence of
right-handed and left-handed forms of some organic
compounds, which shows in the face development of
crystals(enantiomorphism)and in the power of solutions
to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted beam
of polarized light either to the right or to the left
(optical activity).
– 译文：碳原子的四个共价键直接指向规则四面体的四个
角的思想是Van't Hoff于1874年提出，Le Be1则单独
指出该想法可以解释部分有机化合物中存在右旋和左旋
现象的原因，这表现为晶体的映像异构现象和溶液能将
极化光透射光的偏振面向左或向右偏转。
• 17、 According to this invention, a method (for the
production of elemental titanium from titanium
tetrachloride )comprises the step (of combining titanium
tetrachloride in vapor form with a vaporized alkali or
alkali earth metal or metals), the vapors being heated
[by hydrogen ]forming a carrier gas (passed through an
electric arc to maintain the reacting materials)[ at a
temperature]( at which elemental titanium is liquid )but
above boiling point (of the chloride formed by combining
the chlorine of the titanium tetrachloride with the
. . .

. .
alkali or alkali earth reducing metal employed), the
chloride of the reducing metal and other unwanted
products being removed in vapor form.
– 译文 ：根据该发明，由四氯化钛制备单质钛的步骤为：
四氯化钛与碱金属或碱土金属以蒸气态进行反应，通过
电弧加热氢气使之形成载体气流以使蒸气态的反应物质
维持在一定温度，要求该温度下钛呈液态 ，而四氯化钛
中的氯与碱金属或碱土金属反应生成的氯化物则呈气
态，因此还原金属的氯化物和 其它副产物以蒸气的形式
得以移除。
• 18、[To illustrate the conclusion that the heat evolution
accompanying a change in state of a system is not
determined by the initial and final states alone but
depends also on the path, and in particular on the work
done by the system during the change], let us consider
a system (composed of a sample of a perfect gas),
[initially at temperature T and pressure p
1
and finally
at the same temperature T and smaller pressure p
2
].
– 译文：为解释如下 结论：伴随系统状态改变而产生的热
效应不仅由系统的初态与末态来决定，而与过程尤其是
变化 过程中系统所做的功也紧密相关，我们来考虑如下
. . .

. .
由理想气体组成的系统：初态是温度为T、压力为p
1
，末
态的温度不变仍为 T,而压力则减小到p
2
。
• 19、The slurry is filtered to recover the electrolyte
solution （for recycling to the electromachining
operation）, and the metal hydroxides （which are heated
to convert them to oxides）,（ that are subsequently
reduced to metal）.
– 译文：浆 料过滤后，回收的电解液被循环用于电加工操
作中，金属氢氧化物则加热转化为氧化物，然后再还原为金属。
• 20、There were developed,[ both in Germany and the USA],
the Igepon type of compounds （of which Igepon-T, the
sodium salt of oleyl tauride is an example,） and （in
Germany the Mersolates, which are alkane sulphates）.
– 译文：在德国和美国，Igepon型化合物非常发达，如oleyl
tauride的钠盐是一种 Igepon- T型化合物，德国的
Mersolates则是一种烷基硫酸盐。
• 21、 It is because the bonding properties of one pair of
electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied, and
in the presence of a suitable reagent the pair will react
with the reagent to give a new bond system that is more
stable.
. . .

. .
– 译文：这是因为双键中的一对电 子具有不饱和性，因此
在适合试剂的存在下，这对电子将与试剂发生反应生成
更稳定的体系。

. . .