伯乐留学怎么样-暑假实践报告

M3U1 Fog
Warning
When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the
radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o’clock, Polly left
work and stepped out into the fog. She wondered if the buses would still be running. No buses to
King Street
Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. ‘How far are you
going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare. ‘King Street,’ said Polly. ‘Sorry,
Miss,’ replied the man, ‘the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the
Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a
taxi.’
A tall man
As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched
by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of
the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to
be seen.
Footsteps
When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog
lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she
walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she
reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush
her cheek, and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying ‘Sorry.’ The man moved away. She could
feel her heart beating with fear.
The helpful stranger
Then she heard the sound again—soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished
for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed
close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness. ‘Is anybody there?’
Polly hesitated. At last she answered, ‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’
A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up
at the face of an old man with a beard. ‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want?’ he
asked.
‘I live at 86 King Street,’ Polly replied.
‘Just take my hand,’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand.
‘Watch out for the step here.’
In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step. ‘I can remember some
terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young.
How old are you?’
‘Just twenty,’ answered Polly. ‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now we’re at
the crossroads. Turn left here.’
‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way?’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened
again. ‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’ He held her hand more firmly.
The grateful helper
‘Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped.
‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid,’ said Polly in relief. ‘Would you like to come in

and rest for a while?’ ‘It’s very nice of you,’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off. There may be more
people lost today, and I’d like to help them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance
to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across
the road without help, except in a fog like this.’
雾

雾警报
那天早上当波莉离开家，城市已经被一层灰色的薄雾覆盖。在午餐时间，收音 机天气预
报员报道薄雾在下午会变成浓雾。四点钟，波莉离开工作，踏入雾中。她怀疑巴士是否仍然在运行。

没有去国王街的巴士
她一出来在大街上，就快速走向她以往的停车站。
“你要去的地方有多远？”巴士售票员问她。
“国王街。”波莉回答。
“对不起，小姐。”男人回答，“事实上，雾太浓了以 至于巴士不能行驶那么远。坐地铁列
车去绿色花园，那里的天气也许会好一点，而且你也许可以在哪儿拦 到一辆出租车。”

一个高大的男人
当波莉观察地铁上的乘客时，她注意 到她被一个穿着黑色外套的高大男人盯着。最后，
列车到达了绿色花园车站。当其他的乘客下车，她扫视 了周围人的脸，四处都找不到那个高
大男人。

脚步声
波莉到了 车站出口，那里空无一人。外面的雾像一朵厚厚的灰云。在势力范围内一个人
都没有。波莉朝着公园街出 发。当她沿着街走时，她听到了脚步声，但是等到她到达街道拐
角处，脚步声不见了。突然，波莉感到一 只粗糙的手轻拂过她的脸，她听到一个男人的声音
在她耳边说：“对不起。”男人离开了。她能感觉到心 脏带着恐惧的跳动声。

乐于助人的陌生人
然后她再次听到了这个声音— —在她后面轻轻的脚步声。一分钟前，她希望有个人和她
一起走。现在她想要跑，但是恐惧使她一动不动 。现在脚步声似乎靠近了。然后一个男人的
声音从黑暗中传来：“有人在那里吗？”
波莉顿了顿，最后她说：“你好，我想我迷路了。”
几分钟后，一只手伸了出来而且碰到了她 的手臂。波莉发现她自己抬头凝视着一个手停
留在她的手臂上站立着的男人。她看到的是一张老人的脸。
“也许我能帮助你，你要去哪里？”他问。
“我住在国王街86号。”波莉回答。
“只管抓住我的手。”男人说，“跟着我走。你会没事的。”他抓住波莉的手：“留意这里
的台阶。”

在他的另外一只手上男人拿着一根拐杖。波莉听到拐杖敲击着台阶。“我还记得 一些可
怕的雾天，但是也许那是在你出生之前。我看不见你的脸，但是你的声音听起来很年轻。你
几岁了？”
“刚满20。”波莉说。
“嗯，20岁！一个很美好的年龄。我也曾经年轻。现在我们在拐角处。从这里向左拐。”
“我现在快迷路了，您确定您认识路吗？”波莉再次开始感到害怕。
“当然，你真的不必担心。”他握住她的手更紧了。

一个感恩的帮助者
“我们到了，国王街。”他停住。
“非常感谢。”波莉说，“你愿意进来休息一下吗？”
“你真的很善良。”男人说：“但是我要离开了。今天也许会有更多的人迷路，我要去帮助
他们。你看，如此糟糕的雾是很罕见的。它给了我们报答在晴天给我们帮助的人们。一个像
我这样的盲 人没有帮助时不能穿过马路的，除了在像这样的雾天中。”

M3u1 Project Shark attaks
There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have
attacked human beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark,
probably because they have seen the film Jaws. However, two other sharks are also rather
dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark.
To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.
•Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.
•Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood
over a long distance.
•Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours
and bright objects.
•Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.
Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular. If a
shark attacks you, follow the advice below.
•Keep calm. Do not panic.
•Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.
•Stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be
attacked by a shark.
鲨鱼攻击
有将近400种不 同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道
最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因 为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相
当危险：
虎鲨和牛鲨。和许多人可能会认为的正好相反，证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。
鲨鱼攻击人类的 情形有三种。在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一
条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就 会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推
搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合 ，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会
等待你游过，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往 是致命的。

遵循这些建议，以降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险：
不要在黑暗中游泳。在黑暗中，鲨鱼仍能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。
如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。
不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。
集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。
最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循
以下建议：
保持冷静。不要慌张。
用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。
用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。
不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大三十倍。

M3u1 The wonderful world of pigeons
It is night. All is quiet. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy. There is
a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards
them. They are all going to be killed unless they get help. What should they do?
An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper: ‘Being attacked! Hurry!’
He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird.
Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. It immediately flies into the air and
disappears in the dark.
Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved?
Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in
public parks—the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way
home over long distances. Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as
1,800 kilometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or
even the mail. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use. During both World War I
and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the
lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.
How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells
them which way is north. How this compass works remains a mystery. Of course, since a compass
alone is not enough to find one’s way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of
smell to tell them which way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always
find their way home.
鸽子的奇妙世界
万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突 然一道闪光，枪声
四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会 被杀
死。他们该怎么办？
一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”
他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将
信系在它的腿上后， 便松开鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。
这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？ 虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟
是同样的——鸽 子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽
子能飞行远达1800公里回 到家。因为这个缘故，鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件。

然而，它们的最大用途 却是在战争中发现的。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽
子被军方用来和前线往返传递消息， 挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜
利。
鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体 内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如
何，工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘 不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉乃至嗅
觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找 到归家的路。

M3U2 English and its history
All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in
Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to
Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
Old English
Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be
able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain
all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the
Angles and the Saxons— occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.
(Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle
was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words
became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern
European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with
them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had
become the official language of England.
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to
use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with
similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the
Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.
Middle English
Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th
centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most
important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England
and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as
much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English
replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled
England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English
language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar
meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to
learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English
people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals
raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the
meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton,
pork and bacon.
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the
Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses,
and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of

making plurals, adding an -s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural
forms, such as manmen and childchildren. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke
French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century,
English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry IV became
King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.
Modern English Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.
Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went
through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the
English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to
answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and
new ways of saying things.
英语及其历史
有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人
带 来的语法和词汇构成的。那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。
古英语 古英语和现今 我们说的英语完全不同。事实上，如果现在听到古英语，我们会听
不懂。公元5世纪中叶前，生活在不列 颠的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲
大陆的两个日耳曼部族—盎格鲁人和撒克逊人—占领 了不列颠。古英语是他们的语言混合而
成的。
现在当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词 或短语而感到困惑。这是因为英语有
着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，这些单词和短语有着相似的意思 .比如，sick一词就是
来自由盎格鲁和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用 过的一个词。
中古英语 中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在 这
一新型英语的发展中，许多东西起了作用。最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066
年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人
和撒克逊 人的胜利对英语产生的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在
统治英格兰的整整25 0年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。但另一方
面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单 词，因此产生了更多意思相近的单词，比如answer（来
自于古英语）和 reply（来自于古法 语）。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎么演变而来的，是
件挺有趣的事。诺曼人征服英格兰之后，许多英国 人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因
此，我们现在所用的大多数表示专为肉食而饲养的动物的单词， 比如cow（母牛）、sheep
（羊）和pig（猪），来自于古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供 应给诺曼人的，所以指
代这些动物的肉的词来自于古法语，如beef（牛肉）, mutton（羊肉）, pork（猪肉）和bacon
（熏猪肉，咸猪肉）。
古 法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单
词变复数的方法。比如 说，他们说housen而不是houses，说shosen而不是shoes。当诺曼人
控制英格兰 之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加s。只有很少
的单词保留了日 耳曼语的复数形式，如manmen和childchildren。
诺曼征服之后，上层社 会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半
叶时，英语已被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用 。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的
母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。
现代英语 现代英语是在16世纪的文艺复兴时期出现的。由于这个原因，现代英语
中含 有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然，这并不

是 英语语言变化的终结。英语在未来是否会继续变化，这一问题是很容易回答的。可以肯定
的是，这一变化 过程将会继续，人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达方式。
M3U2 project The development of Chinese characters
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses
characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together
different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. The history of the
Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named
Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of
animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the
idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters
were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified and others have been
made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings
into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This
became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas,
some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, ‘rest’
was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a
‘man’ inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to
distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’,
which are opposites of each other.
Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do
not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of
a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters
used today were made this way.
In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now
they have widespread use in China’s mainland.
汉字的发展
汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
中文的词语 是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的。在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个
词。通过研究这些汉字是 如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了。
汉字起源于数千年前。根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了 汉字。他在某个冬日
打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的形状各不相同。于是他想到可 以用不
同的形状来代表不同物体。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，一些汉
字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂。不过总的来说，汉字从图画发展成了标准形式。表
示“山”的 汉字最初是三座山峰并列，继而变成了一座山峰和三条线，随着时间的推移，最终
演变成了现在使用的字 形。
并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。有时候为了表达概念，某些汉字由两个或
多个 汉字组合而成。比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“因”字则是由人字
位于框中 构成的。另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字。只要看它们的字形，就可以很容易区
别它们的意思，比如汉 字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。
虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形 不具有表音的功能。
因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的许多 汉字便

是用这种方式创造出来的。
20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。
M3U2 The story of Braille
Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink
on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still
read books.
The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809–1852). Braille lost
his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for
the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to
form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The
whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books
in it.
In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages
at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt
with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted
of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of
practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen,
he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. ‘Braille’, the system
for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.
The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille
with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading
and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its
people to use.
布莱叶盲文的故事
通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况
并不一定总 是这样。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。
将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶 (1809-1852)。布莱叶在三岁时因为受伤而失
明。十岁时，他进入巴黎一所盲人学校就读。那 时候，供盲人阅读的书籍是用纸压在金属丝
上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100 磅，整个系统使用起来非常不方
便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。
1821年 ，一位士兵参观学校时向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方
法是使用带小凸点的纸张， 这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由
12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵 们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并 不实用。然而年轻
的布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点表示字 母的
体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。
盲人可以轻松的用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布
莱叶盲文书写。今天 ，布莱叶盲文是世界上最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，
包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶 盲文版本供盲人使用。
M3u3 reading Lost civilizations
Day 1, 15 July I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and
tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which
is known as China’s Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations

long ago.
失落的文明第一天，7月15日 能获得这次旅行的机会我感到非常幸运。现在我们
在意 大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中
国庞贝”的古城 。庞贝和楼兰一样，都是很久以前失落了的文明。
Day 2, 16 July This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in
the 8th century BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city.
Near the city was a volcano. On 24 August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks
poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days.
Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!
第二天，7月16日 今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8
世 纪，公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了座繁华的城市。离城市不远处有一
座火山。公元7 9年的8月24日，这座火山喷发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出, 全部
倾泻到四周的乡村。火山 喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不
幸了！
Day 3, 17 July Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000years ago. How
amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a
stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.
Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.
第三天，7月17日 今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多么
奇妙 啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的
石头。人们开始在 这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一
区域保护了起来，便于保存和 研究。
When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along
the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were
decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that
after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke
down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.
当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在
泥泞中行走了！我 还看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰
覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们 的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。

Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of
the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places
where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It’s hard to imagine how
this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!
多年 之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞
贝看到他们，就在原来 他们倒下的同样地点。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难
想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁了整座 城市！
Day 10, 24 July Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This
commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the
famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered
over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!
第十天，7月24日 经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大
约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著 名的丝绸之路上的停靠站。据信，从公元200

年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞 没。能在这里我好兴奋！

Day 11, 25 July A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that
around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan
Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of
treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When
we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the
ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.
The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the
city being buried by sand—what a pity!
第十一天，7月25日 来自于当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，在1900
年前后，来自欧洲的探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建
筑遗迹以及许 多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我
们到这座城市时，我们看到 了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。
有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这 片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，
那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬—多遗憾啊！
失落的文明第一天，7月15日 能获得这次旅行的机会我感到非常幸运。现在我们
在意 大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中
国庞贝”的古城 。庞贝和楼兰一样，都是很久以前失落了的文明。
第二天，7月16日 今天上午我们听了一场 有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8
世纪，公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了座繁华 的城市。离城市不远处有一
座火山。公元79年的8月24日，这座火山喷发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石 喷涌而出, 全部
倾泻到四周的乡村。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是 太不
幸了！
第三天，7月17日 今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一 样。多么
奇妙啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一
区域保 护了起来，便于保存和研究。
当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨 天你就不用在
泥泞中行走了！我还看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰
覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
多 年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞
贝看到他们，就在原 来他们倒下的同样地点。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难
想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁了整 座城市！
第十天，7月24日 经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大
约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠站。据信，从公元200
年到 公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我好兴奋！
第十一天，7月25日 来自于当 地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，在1900
年前后，来自欧洲的探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰 王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建
筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的 布料、文献以及壁画。当我
们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰 废墟非常有趣。
有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了 ，
那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬—多遗憾啊！

M3u3 project Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang
Researchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently.
The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have
appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s
influence.
新疆发现古希腊塑像 最近，研究人员 宣布，在中国新疆北部地区发现了一尊小
型塑像。这尊金属塑像是一名希腊士兵的造型。当被问及来自遥 远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在
中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。
Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek
cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However,
many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had
only 3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.
亚历山大大帝（公元前 356—公元前323年）是一位在战斗中击溃了许多希腊城邦
的希腊国王之子。20岁那年，父亲死后 ，亚历山大自己成了国王。然而，许多城邦趁势作
乱，反对亚历山大，于是他便率领一支军队夺回这些城 邦。尽管他的军队仅有三千人，但是
他赢得了所有战役，许多敌方士兵投靠了他。
In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt,
defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way
to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking
control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go
any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than
anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came
down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among
themselves.
公元前334年，他率领当时已达四万两千人 的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所
至，所向披靡。然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到 之处，攻无不克，战无不
胜。似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。然而，他自己的军队对无休止的战 斗感到厌倦，
拒绝再往前走，所以他不得不班师回朝。亚历山大30岁时便已占领了辽阔的疆域，前无古
人，前面似乎还有更大的辉煌在等着他。可是，公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。由
于 他没有儿子，他的将军们便瓜分了他庞大的王国。
Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europeto Africa and Asia, influencing the
world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably
came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that
show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.
亚历山大大帝将希腊文化从欧洲传播到非洲和亚洲，在此后的数个世纪中影响了整个
世界。在新疆北部发现的希腊士兵塑像也许是在公元前4世纪因贸易而来到中国的。像许多
显示 希腊影响力的其他古代文物一样，它现在乌鲁木齐的一家博物馆展出。
M3u3 The father of Western philosophy
西方哲学之父
The word ‘philosophy’ means ‘love of wisdom’. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of
looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as ‘Why are we
here?’ and ‘What is truth?’
“哲学”一词意为“热爱智慧”。哲学可被认为是观察我们周围世界的一种方式，或是解答
人生重大问题 的一种方式，如：“我们为什么会在这里？”以及“什么是真理？”

The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469–399 BC). Socrates was from Athens, in
Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for
free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little
about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet,
Socrates has had a deep influence on Western thought and science.
西方哲学之父是苏格拉底（公元前469—公元前3 99年）。苏格拉底是希腊雅典人。在
年轻时，他是一名勇敢的士兵。后来，他成了一名教师，但他教书 却不收费，靠当一名普通
劳动者挣钱。除此以外，我们对他了解很少。由于他从不写书，因此我们对他的 哲学也知之
甚少。然而，苏格拉底对西方的思想和科学却有着深刻的影响。
To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught
by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own
arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. Many
students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions.
Socrates’ way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking
questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.
为了理解这何以成真，我们必须搞清苏格拉底是怎样教学的。苏格拉底通过 提问进
行教学。通过这种方式，他盘问学生，要他们完善并阐释自己的论点。很多时候，他的问题
让学生们意识到自己的错误。当这种情况发生时，许多学生感到尴尬和气愤，而另外一些学
生则会改变 他们的观点。苏格拉底探求真理的方式现在被称作苏格拉底问答法。提出一个个
问题直至你得出正确答案 的这一思路是现代哲学和科学的基础。
Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked challenging questions
to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had had enough of him,
so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the
young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.
This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison.
Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.
很不幸的是 ，苏格拉底问得太多了。每遇到一个人，他都要提出一些难以回答的问
题，惹恼了雅典的许多人。最后， 一些人对他忍无可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是质
疑希腊众神的存在和腐蚀雅典的年轻人。在审判 中，他却向法官提出更多问题，以此为自己
辩护。这更是雪上加霜。最后，他被迫喝下毒药而被处死。由 于他的死，苏格拉底成了所有
探求真理的人心目中的英雄。