船舶建造质量KR船级社标准
张家界市委组织部-管理标语
No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality
Standard
(1996)
船
舶 建 造 标 准
(Rev. 1, 1999)
(Rev.2, Dec.
2004)
(Rev.3, Nov. 2006)
(Rev.4, Aug.
2008)
PART A - SHIPBUILDING AND
REMEDIAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION
新建船舶建造质量标准
1. Scope 范围
2. General
requirements for new construction 新造船舶总体要求
3.
Qualification of personnel and procedures
人员资质和程序认可
3.1 Qualification of welders
焊工资质
3.2 Qualification of welding procedures
焊接程序
3.3 Qualification of NDE operators
NDT人员资质
4. Materials 材料
4.1 Materials for
structural members 结构材料
4.2 Surface
conditions 表面质量
5. Gas Cutting
火焰切割
6. Fabrication and fairness
装配和校正
6.1 Flanged longitudinals and flanged
brackets
6.2 Built-up sections
6.3
Corrugated bulkheads
6.4 Pillars, brackets and
stiffeners
6.5 Maximum heating temperature on
surface for line heating
6.6 Block assembly
6.7 Special sub-assembly
6.8 Shape
6.9
Fairness of plating between frames
6.10
Fairness of plating with frames
6.11
Preheating for welding hull steels at low
temperature
7. Alignment 对齐与对中
8.
Welding Joint Details焊接接头详细
8.1 Typical butt
weld plate edge preparation (manual welding and
semi-automatic welding)
8.2 Typical fillet
weld plate edge preparation (manual welding and
semi-automatic welding)
8.3 Butt and fillet
weld profile (manual welding and semi-automatic
welding)
8.4 Typical butt weld edge
preparation (Automatic welding)
8.5 Distance
between welds
9. Remedial 修补
9.1 Typical
misalignment remedial
9.2 Typical butt weld
plate edge preparation remedial (manual welding
and semi-automatic welding)
9.3 Typical fillet
weld plate edge preparation remedial (manual
welding and semi-automatic welding)
9.4
Typical fillet and butt weld profile remedial
(manual welding and semi-automatic welding)
9.5 Distance between welds remedial
9.6
Erroneous hole remedial
9.7 Remedial by insert
plate
9.8 Weld surface remedial
9.9 Weld
remedial (short bead)
- 1 -
1. Scope 范围
本标准目的是船级社认可的已有船舶建造或国家规范中未涉及的内容提供指导。
1.1
在新船的船体建造过程中作为建造质量标准或建造质量未达标时作为修补指导。
本标准总体适用于：
传统商船
船级社规范中的船体部分
由普通强度或高强度船体结构钢建造的船体。
the applicability of
the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by
the Classification Society.
本标准适用范围情况应先与船级社商定
The standard does generally not apply to the
new construction of本标准总体上不适用于下列新船：
- special
types of ships as e.g. gas tankers特种型号船舶如油气船
-
structures fabricated from stainless steel or
other, special types or grades of
steel不锈钢建造
的船舶或特种钢及特种级别钢建造的船舶。
1.2
本规范中，标准值指应达到的要求，极限值指最大允许偏差
1.3
2.
General requirements for new construction新建船舶的总体要求
2.1 In general, the work is to be carried
out in accordance with the Classification Society
rules and under the
supervision of the
Surveyor to the Classification Society船舶建造
应按船级规范制作，并接受验船师监督。
2.2 Welding operations
are to be carried out in accordance with work
instructions accepted by the
Classification
Society.焊工操作应按船级社接受的指导文件进行
2.3 Welding of
hull structures is to be carried out by qualified
welders, according to approved and qualified
welding procedures and with welding
consumables approved by the Classification
Society, see Section 3. Welding
operations are
to be carried out under proper supervision by the
shipbuilder. The working conditions for welding
are to be monitored by the Classification
Society in accordance with UR Z23.结构焊接应由有认可的资质的焊工按船级社认可的焊接程序，使用船级认可的焊材进行施焊。并接受适当的船厂管理和船级社的监督。
3. Qualification of personnel and
procedures人员资质和程序。
3.1 Qualification of
welders焊工资质
3.2 Qualification of welding
procedures 焊接程序认可
Welding procedures are
to be qualified in accordance with URW28 or other
recognized standard accepted by the
Classification Society.
3.3
Qualification of NDE operators无损检测人员资质
4.
Materials 材料
4.1 Materials for
Structural Members 结构材料要满足相应船级的要求
4.2 Surface Conditions 表面质量
4.2.1
Definitions定义
Minor Imperfections:次要缺陷
Pitting, rolled-in scale, indentations, roll
marks, scratches and
grooves气
孔，轧制皮，缺口印痕，轧制印，刮痕，凹槽
Cracks,
shells, sand patches, sharp edged seams and minor
imperfections
Defects: 缺陷
- 2 -
Depth of Imperfections or
defects:次
要缺陷及缺陷深度
4.2.2 Acceptance
without remedies 不用修补直接接收
Minor
imperfections, in accordance with the limits
described in Table 1, are permissible and may be
left as they
are.一些小的缺陷，如表1，可以允许存在并不必修补：
Imperfection surface area
Ratio表面缺陷占
15～20% 5～15% 0～5%
总缺陷比(%)
0.2 mm 0.4 mm 0.5 mm
t < 20 mm
20 mm
t < 50 mm
50 mm
t
0.2
mm
0.2 mm
0.6 mm
0.7 mm
0.7 mm
0.9 mm
not exceeding the limits of table 1
in case that the sum of the influenced
area
exceeds 5% of the total surface in
question裂纹，剥落，砂眼，焊缝
边缘突起，超过5%面积的次要缺陷。
the
depth is to be measured from the surface of the
product测量从产品表
面测量
表 1
可接受不需修补的缺陷极限表
4.2.3 Remedial of
Defects缺陷修补
Defects are to be remedied by
grinding andor welding in accordance with IACS
Rec.12.缺陷应当按IACS Rec。
12 标准打磨及或焊接修补
4.2.4 Further Defects其它缺陷
4.2.4.1
Lamination限制
Investigation to be carried
out at the steelmill into the cause and extent of
the detected laminations. Severe
lamination is
to be remedied by local insert plates. The minimum
breadth or length of the plate to be replaced is
to
be:在钢厂应当检查钢板，只允许缺陷在极限范围内。严重分层应插板修补。更换的插板修补宽
度和长度至
少如下：
1600 mm for shell
and strength deck plating in way of cruciform or
T-joints, 外板和强力甲板十字接头或
T字接头处：1600mm
800 mm for shell, strength deck
plating and other primary members,
外板，强力甲板或其它主要结构件：
800mm
300 mm for
other structural members. 其它结构：300mm
Local limited lamination may be remedied by
chipping andor grinding followed by welding in
accordance with
sketch (a). In case where the
local limited lamination is near the plate
surface, the remedial may be carried out as
shown in sketch (b). For limitations see
paragraph 4.2.2.
4.2.4.2
Weld Spatters 飞溅
Loose weld spatters are
to be removed by grinding or other measures to
clean metal surface (see Table 9.13), as
- 3 -
required by the paint system,
on: 下列表面焊接飞溅应清除：
shell plating船体外板
deck plating on exposed decks甲板外露空气部分
in tanks for chemical cargoes 化学品舱
in tanks for fresh water and for drinking
water淡水舱和饮用水舱内
in tanks for lubricating
oil, hydraulic oil, including service
tanks润滑滑舱，液压油舱及日用油柜
5. Gas Cutting气割
The roughness of the cut edges is to meet
the following requirements:气割边缘平整要求如下：
Free Edges:自由边
标准 最大极限
强力构件 150 m
300 m
其它部件 500 m 1000 m
Welding Edges:焊接边缘
标准 最大极限
强力构件 400
m 800 m
其它构件 800 m 1500 m
6.
Fabrication and fairness装配及校平
6.1
折边纵骨和折边肘板 (见表Table 6.1)
6.2 制作的型材 (见表 Table
6.2)
6.3 槽形舱壁 (见表 Table 6.3)
6.4
立柱，支撑肘板及加强筋 (见表 Table 6.4)
6.5 表面线形加热最高温度
(见Table 6.5)
6.6 分段总成 (见表 Table 6.6)
6.7
特别小装配 (见Table 6.7)
6.8 形状 (见表 Table 6.8 和6.9)
6.9 肋骨之间板的平整度 (见 Table 6.10)
6.10
板上框架上的平整度 (see Table 6.11)
6.11
低温时焊接船体板的预热(See Table 6.12)
7.
Alignment对齐和对中
The quality standards for
alignment of hull structural components during new
construction are shown in Tables
7.1, 7.2 and
7.3. The Classification Society may require a
closer construction tolerance in areas requiring
special
attention, as follows:船体见表7.1, 7.2 and
7.3，在下列要求严格区域，船级可能会要求更严格些：
Regions
exposed to high stress concentrations应力集中区域
Fatigue prone areas易受疲劳区域
Detail
design block erection joints分段对接有详细要求区域
High tensile steel regions高强度钢板区域
8. Welding Joint Details焊接详图
Edge
preparation is to be qualified in accordance with
URW28 or other recognized standard accepted by the
Classification Society.
- 4 -
Some typical edge preparations are
shown in Table 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 and 8.6 for
reference.
8.1 Typical butt weld plate
edge preparation (manual and semi-automatic
welding) for reference - see Table
8.1 and 8.2
8.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge
preparation (manual and semi-automatic welding)
for reference - see Table
8.3 and 8.4
8.3
Butt and fillet weld profile (manual and semi-
automatic welding) - see Table 8.5
8.4
Typical butt weld plate edge preparation
(Automatic welding) for reference - see Table 8.6
8.5 Distance between welds - see Table 8.7
9. Remedial修补
All the
major remedial work is subject to reporting by
shipbuilder to the Classification Society for
approval in
accordance with their work
instruction for new building.
Some
typical remedial works are shown in Tables 9.1 to
9.13.
9.1 Typical misalignment remedial
- see Tables 9.1 to 9.3
9.2 Typical butt weld
plate edge preparation remedial (manual and semi-
automatic welding) - see Table 9.4
and 9.5
9.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge
preparation remedial (manual and semi-automatic
welding) - see Tables 9.6
to 9.8
9.4
Typical fillet and butt weld profile remedial
(manual and semi-automatic welding) - see Table
9.9
9.5 Distance between welds remedial - see
Table 9.10
9.6 Erroneous hole remedial - see
Table 9.11
9.7 Remedial by insert plate - see
Table 9.12
9.8 Weld surface remedial - see
Table 9.13
9.9 Weld remedial (short bead) -
see Table 9.14
- 5 -
TABLE 6.1 – Flanged Longitudinals
and Flanged Brackets折边纵骨和折边肘板
Detail细节
Breadth of flange折边宽度
Standard标准
Limit极限 Remarks注解
± 3 mm ± 5 mm
compared to correct size
与要求尺寸比较
Angle between flange and
web折边与直边的夹角
± 3 mm ± 5 mm
per 100 mm of
a每
100毫米宽度允许
值
compared to template
与模板比较
Straightness in plane of
flange and web腹板和折边
的直线度
± 10 mm ±
25 mm
per 10 m每10米可
允许值
- 6 -
TABLE 6.2 – Built
Up Sections 焊接型材
Detail详图
肋板及纵桁
Frames and longitudinal
Standard标准
Limit极限要求 Remarks注解
± 1.5 mm ± 3 mm
per
100 mm of a
a的长度每100毫
米允许值
Distortion of face plate面板变形
d
3 + a100 mm d 5 + a100 mm
± 10 mm
± 25 mm
per 10
m in length
每10米长度允许值
装配的纵桁，肋板，纵横向骨架
Distortion in plane of web and flange
of
built up longitudinal frame,
transverse frame,
girder and
transverse web.
- 7 -
TABLE 6.3 –
Corrugated Bulkheads 槽形舱壁板
Detail详图
Mechanical bending机械折边
Standard标准 Limit极限
Remarks注解
Material to be
suitable for cold
flanging (forming)
and welding in way
of radius材料必须
适于冷折边成型
R 3t mm
2t
mm
Depth of corrugation槽深
± 3 mm
± 6 mm
Breadth of
corrugation槽宽
± 3 mm ± 6 mm
Pitch and depth of swedged
corrugated
bulkhead compared
with correct
value冲压成型舱壁尺
寸与设计值比较
h : ± 2.5 mm
Where it is not aligned with
other
bulkheads与其它舱壁
的拼装偏差
P : ± 6 mm
与其它舱壁拼装偏差
Where it is aligned with
other bulkheads
P : ± 2 mm
h : ± 5
mm
与其它舱壁的拼装偏差
Where it is not aligned
with other bulkheads
P : ± 9 mm
与其它舱壁的拼装偏差
Where it is aligned with
other bulkheads
P : ± 3 mm
- 8 -
TABLE 6.4
– Pillars, Brackets and Stiffeners立柱，肘板，加强筋
Detail 详图
Standard标准 Limit极限
Remarks注解
Pillar (between decks)甲板层间立柱
4 mm 6 mm
Cylindrical
structure diameter
(pillars, masts, posts,
etc.)圆形结构直
径偏差（立柱，桅，支柱）
± D200 mm
max. + 5 mm
± D150 mm
max. 7.5 mm
Tripping bracket and small stiffener,
distortion at the part of free
edge肘板
及小加强材自由边的变形允许量
a t2 mm
t
Ovality of cylindrical
structure
圆形结构的椭圆度
d
min
d
m
a
x
d
max
–
d
min
0.02 d
max
- 9 -
TABLE 6.5 – Maximum
Heating Temperature on Surface for Line Heating
钢板表面线性加热最高温度
Item 项目
Conventional
Process传统工艺
AH32-EH32 &
AH36-EH36
TMCP
type温度形变控
制工艺制作钢板
AH32-EH32 &
AH36-EH36
(Ceq.>0.38%)
Water cooling just
after heating
加热后立即水冷
Air
cooling after
heating
加热后空冷
Air cooling and
subsequent water
cooling after
heating
加热后空冷，再加水冷
Water cooling just
after heating or
air
cooling
加热后水冷或空冷
Water
cooling just
after heating or air
cooling加热后水冷或
空冷
Standard 标准
Under 650°C
低于
Under
900°C
低于
Under 900°C
(starting
temperature of water
cooling
to be under
500°C)低于900度，空冷
至500度后才能水冷
Under 1000°C
1000度以下
Under 900°C
900度以下
Limit极限
说明
TMCP
type温度形变控
制工艺
AH32-DH32 &
AH36-DH36
(Ceq. 0.38%)
TMCP type
EH32 & EH36
(Ceq. 0.38%)
NOTE:
MnCrMoVNiCu
%
CeqC
6515
- 10 -
TABLE 6.6 – Block Assembly分段装配
Item 分项
Flat Plate Assembly平板装配
Length and Breadth长和宽
Distortion变形
Squareness对角线偏差
Deviation of interior members from
Plate内部构件与板的偏差
Curved plate
assembly弧形板装配
Length and Breadth长和宽
Distortion变形
Squareness对角偏差
Deviation of interior members from
plate内部构件与板的偏差
Flat cubic
assembly平面立体结构
Length and Breadth长与宽
Distortion变形
Squareness对角偏差
Deviation of interior members from
plate 内部构件与板偏差
Twist扭转
Deviation between upper and lower plate
上下板偏差
Curved cubic assembly曲面立体结构
Length and Breadth长与宽
Distortion变形
Squareness对角偏差
Deviation of interior members from
Plate内部结构与板偏差
Twist扭转
Deviation between upper and lower plate
上下板之间偏差
Standard标准 Limit极限 Remarks说明
± 4 mm
± 10 mm
± 5 mm
5 mm
± 6 mm
±20mm
±10mm
10mm
± 4 mm
± 10 mm
± 10 mm
5 mm
± 8 mm
± 20 mm
± 15 mm
10 mm
measured along
the girth
沿周长测量
± 4 mm
± 10 mm
± 5 mm
5 mm
±
10 mm
± 5 mm
± 4 mm
± 10 mm
± 10 mm
± 5 mm
± 15 mm
± 7 mm
-
11 -
± 6 mm
± 20 mm
± 10 mm
10 mm
±
20 mm
± 10 mm
± 8 mm
± 20 mm
± 15 mm
± 10 mm
± 25 mm
± 15 mm
measured along
with girth
沿周长测量
TABLE 6.7 – Special Sub-Assembly
特殊小分段装配
Item检查项目
Distance
between
upperlower gudgeon
上下艉柱间距
Distance between aft edge of boss and
aft
peak bulkhead 尾轴套后端面与
尾尖舱壁距离
Twist of sub-assembly of
stern
frame艉部框架分段扭曲度
Deviation of rudder
from
shaft center line舵与轴心线偏离
Twist of rudder plate舵叶扭曲度
Standard标准值 Limit极限值 Remarks说明
± 5 mm
± 10 mm
± 5 mm
± 10 mm
5 mm
10 mm
4
mm
8 mm
6 mm
10 mm
Flatness of top plate of main
engine
bed主机底座上面板的平面度
Breadth
and length of top plate of
main engine
bed主机底座上面板的
宽度和长度偏差
5 mm
10
mm
± 4 mm
± 6 mm
NOTE:
Dimensions and
tolerances have to fulfill engine and equipment
manufacturers‟ requirements, if
any.如有主机制造
厂有要求，上述尺寸和偏差还要满足主机制造厂的要求。
- 12 -
TABLE 6.8 – Shape 形状
Detail检查项目
Deformation for the
whole length总船长
的方向上变形量
Standard标准
Limit极限 Remarks说明
± 50 mm
per
100 m against the
line of keel
sighting
沿龙骨板检查，每
100米长度的允偏
量
Deformation for the distance between two
adjacent bulkheads两相邻舱壁距离变形
量。
± 15 mm
Cocking-up of fore body船艏斜升
The deviation is to
be measured from
the design line.按设
计线测量偏差
± 30 mm
Cocking-up of aft-body船尾部斜升
± 20 mm
Rise of
floor amidships船舯斜升
± 15 mm
The
deviation is to
be measured from
the
design line.按设
计线测量
- 13 -
TABLE 6.9 – Shape外型
Item测量项目 Standard标准 注明
Remarks
适用于船长大于
L1000 mm where L
100米以上。
Length between perpendiculars垂线间
±
is in
mm精度正负千
长
分之一
Applied to ships of
100 metre length and
above.
For the convenience
of the
measurement the
point where the keel is
connected to the curve of
the stem may be
substituted for the fore
perpendicular in
the
measurement of the length.
适用于船宽大于15
B1000 mm where B
米以上船舶，从上
Applied to ships of 15
Moulded breadth at midship中部型宽
±
is in
mm精度正负千
甲板上测量
metre breadth and above,
测量
measured on the upper
分之一
deck.
Moulded depth at midship船中部型深
适用于船型深大于
±D1000 mm where
10米及以上船舶，
Applied to ships of
D is in
mm精度正负
从底部量至上甲板
10 metre depth and above,
measured up to the upper
千分之一
deck.
- 14 -
TABLE 6.10 – Fairness of Plating
Between Frames 肋骨间板平整度
Item
Shell plate
船体外板
Tank top plate
油水箱顶板
Bulkhead
舱壁
Strength deck
强力甲板
二层甲板
Second deck
Forecastle deck
poop
deck
艏艉楼甲板
Super structure
Deck
上层建
筑甲板
住舱墙壁
House wall
Parallel part
(side & bottom shell)
平行段（外板及底板）
Fore and aft part
首尾段
Standard Limit Remarks
4 mm
5 mm
8 mm
4 mm
Longl. Bulkhead纵舱壁
Trans. Bulkhead 横舱壁
Swash Bulkhead 防撞舱壁
6 mm
Parallel
part平等段
Fore and aft part
艏尾部
Covered part
室内部分
Bare part 外露甲板
Covered part 室内部分
Bare part 外露甲板
Covered part 室内部分
Bare part 外露甲板
Covered part 室内部分
Outside wall外墙
Inside wall内墙
Covered part室内部分
4 mm
6 mm
7 mm
6 mm
7 mm
4 mm
6 mm
4 mm
7 mm
4
mm
6 mm
7 mm
8 mm
9 mm
9 mm
8 mm
9 mm
8 mm
9 mm
6 mm
9 mm
6 mm
8 mm
9
mm
Interior
member (web of girder, etc)内部结构
（强横梁及纵桁）
Floor and girder in double bottom双层底内肋
板及纵桁
5 mm 7 mm
5 mm 8 mm
- 15 -
TABLE 6.11 – Fairness of Plating with
Frames板及框架平整度
Item
Shell
plate
外板
Strength deck
(excluding
cross deck) and
top plate of
double
bottom
强力甲板及双层
底上面板
Bulkhead
舱壁
Parallel part平等段
Fore and aft part
艏艉段
-
-
Standard
±2 l 1000 mm
±3 l 1000
mm
±3 l 1000 mm
Limit
±3 l 1000
mm
±4 l 1000 mm
±4 l 1000 mm
Remarks
l = span of
frame (mm)
肋位间距
To be measured
between on trans.
space (min. l = 3000
mm)
肋位间测量距离不小
于3米
±5 l
1000 mm
Accommodation
above the
strength
deck and others
强力甲板上住舱
及其它结构
-
±5 l 1000 mm
±6 l 1000 mm
l = span of
frame
(minimum l = 3000 mm)
mm
To
be measured between one
trans.
space.在一个横向骨架
之间测量。
- 16 -
TABLE 6.12 –
Preheating for welding hull steels at low
temperature 低温时船板焊接预热
Standard标准
Item
Base metal Minimum
temperature needed
preheating
preheating母材需temperature最低
要预热，环境温度 预热到温度
Limit极限
Remarks
Normal strength
steels一般强度
钢
A, B, D, E
低于 -5
o
C
Higher
strength
steels
(TMCP
type)高
强度钢（调质型
钢）
AH32 – EH32
AH36 –
EH36
Higher strength
steels
(Conventional
type)普通型高
强度钢
低于 0
o
C
20
o
C
1)
低于0
o
C
(Note)
1) This level of
preheat is to be applied unless the approved
welding procedure specifies a higher level.
如果认可的WPS上没有规定更高的预热温度时，按此表执行预热。
- 17 -
TABLE 7.1 –
Alignment 错位与对筋
Detail
Alignment of
butt welds
对接焊缝对中
Standard
Limit Remarks
a
0.15t 强力构件
t is the lesser plate
thickness
a 0.2t 其它构件
t是较薄板厚
但不大于 4.0 mm
Alignment of fillet welds角焊缝对筋
Strength member and
higher stress member:
强力构件及高应力
构件
a
t
1
3
其它构件:
a t
1
2
强力构件及高应力
构件:
a
t
1
3
Other:
a t
1
2
Alternatively,
heel
line can be used to
check the
alignment.
可用板边缘测量对
中
Where t
3
is less than
t
1
, then t
3
should be
substituted for t
1
in
the standard.如果t
3
小于t
1
，则用t
3
代替
t
1
进行计算
t
1
2
t
1
2
t
2
2
t
2
2
t
1 <
t
2
Alignment of fillet welds角焊缝对筋
t
2
2
t
2
2
t
2
t
3
t
3
2
t
3
2
t
1
2
t
1
2
Alternatively, heel
line can be
used to
check the alignment.
可用板边缘测量对
中
Where t
3
is less than
t
1
,
then t
3
should be
substituted for
t
1
in
the standard.如果t
3
小于t
1
，则用t
3
代替
t
1
进行计算
-
18 -
TABLE 7.2 – Alignment
对筋与错边
Detail
Standard
Limit
Remarks
Alignment of
flange of T-longitudinal纵筋面
板水平错位
Strength member强力
构件
a 0.04b (mm)
a = 8.0 mm
b (mm)
Alignment of height
of T-bar, L-angle bar or
bulb纵筋面板垂直错位
Strength member强力
构件
a 0.15t
Other其它
a 0.20t
a = 3.0 mm
Alignment of panel stiffener腹板错位
d L50
Gap between
bracketintercostal and
Stiffener肘板，过渡板及加强筋间隙
a 2.0 mm
a = 3.0 mm
Alignment of lap welds搭接偏差
a 2.0 mm
a = 3.0 mm
- 19 -
TABLE 7.3 –
Alignment 装配尺寸精度
Detail项目
Gap between
beam and frame横梁与肋骨
Standard标准 Limit极限
Remarks
a 2.0 mm
a = 5.0 mm
Gap around stiffener cut-
out纵筋与开孔装
配
s 2.0 mm
s = 3.0 mm
TABLE
8.1 – Typical Butt Weld Plate Edge Preparation
(Manual Welding
and Semi-Automatic
-
20 -
Welding) for
Reference典型对接焊缝坡口准备参考（手工焊及半自动焊接）
Detail项目
无坡口对接
Square butt t 5 mm
G 3 mm
G = 5 mm see Note 1
Standard标准
Limit极限 Remarks说明
单面单V坡口
Single bevel
butt t 5 mm
G 3 mm
G =
5 mm see Note 1
K型坡口
Double
bevel butt t 19 mm
G 3 mm
G = 5 mm see Note 1
Double vee butt,
uniform bevels
X型坡口，统一坡口
G
3 mm
G = 5 mm see Note 1
Double vee butt, non-uniform bevel
双面V型坡口
NOTE 1
按URW28及其它船
级社认可的标准准备的坡口也可能被本社接受或认可。除手工焊外的其它焊接程序，
参见第3.2章节焊
接评定。
Different plate edge preparation may be
accepted or approved by the Classification Society
in accordance with
URW28 or other recognized
standard accepted by the Classification Society.
For welding procedures other than manual
welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of weld
procedures.
G 3 mm
G = 5 mm
see Note 1
- 21 -
TABLE 8.2 – Typical Butt Weld Plate
Edge Preparation (Manual Welding
and Semi-
Automatic
Welding) for
Reference典型对接焊缝坡口准备参考（手工焊及半自动焊接）
Detail
Single Vee butt, one side welding with
backing strip (temporary or
permanent)单面
V型坡口，背面衬垫（临时或永久）
Standard
Limit Remarks
G = 3 to 9 mm
G = 16 mm see Note 1
Single vee
butt
单面V型
G 3 mm
G = 5 mm see Note 1
NOTE 1
按URW28及其它船级社认可的标准准备的坡口也可能被本社接
受或认可。除手工焊外的其它焊接程序，
参见第3.2章节焊接评定。
Different
plate edge preparation may be accepted or approved
by the Classification Society in accordance with
URW28 or other recognized standard accepted by
the Classification Society.
For welding
procedures other than manual welding, see
paragraph 3.2 Qualification of welding procedures.
- 22 -
Table 8.3 –
Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual
Welding and Semi-Automatic
Welding) for
Reference典型角焊缝焊前坡口准备参考（手工焊及半自动焊接）
Detail
Tee Fillet T字接头
Standard Limit
Remarks
G 2 mm
G = 3 mm see Note 1
Inclined fillet 斜角接
G
2 mm
G = 3 mm see Note 1
G =
16 mm
单面V型坡口带永久衬垫
Single bevel tee with
permanent backing
G 4 to 6 mm
=
30 to 45
Not normally for
strength
member
一般不用于强力
构件
also see Note 1
Single bevel tee单面坡口角接
G 3 mm
see
Note 1
NOTE 1
按URW28及其它船级社认可的标准准备的坡口也
可能被本社接受或认可。除手工焊外的其它焊接程序，
参见第3.2章节焊接评定
Different plate edge preparation may be
accepted or approved by the Classification
Society
in accordance with
URW28 or
other recognized standard accepted by the
Classification Society.
For welding
procedures other than manual welding, see
paragraph 3.2 Qualification of welding procedures.
- 23 -
Table 8.4 –
Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual
Welding
and Semi-Automatic
Welding)
for Reference 典型角焊缝坡口准备(手工焊及半自动焊接)参考
Detail
Single „J‟ bevel tee 单面J形坡口角接
Standard Limit Remarks
Double bevel tee symmetrical t 19 mm
板厚大于19毫米的双面对称坡口角接
G = 2.5 to 4 mm
see Note 1
G 3 mm
see
Note 1
Double bevel tee
asymmetrical t 19 mm
板厚大于19mm双面非对称坡口角接
G 3 mm
see Note 1
Double „J‟ bevel tee symmetrical
双面对称J形坡口角接焊缝
G = 2.5 to 4 mm
see Note 1
NOTE 1按URW28及其它船级社认可的标准准
备的坡口也可能被本社接受或认可。除手工焊外的其它焊
接程序，参见第3.2章节焊接评定
Different plate edge preparation may be
accepted or approved by the Classification Society
in accordance with
URW28 or other recognized
standard accepted by the Classification Society.
For welding procedures other than manual
welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of
welding procedures.
- 24 -
Table 8.5 – Butt And Fillet Weld
Profile (Manual Welding and Semi-Automatic
Welding)
对接及角接焊缝外形(手工焊及半自动焊接)
Detail
Butt weld toe angle对接焊缝焊趾角
度
Standard Limit Remarks
60
h 6 mm
90
Butt weld
undercut对接焊缝咬边
Fillet weld
leg length角焊缝焊高
强力构件
D 0.5 mm
for strength member
非强力构件
D 0.8 mm
for other
s = 焊脚高度; a = 焊喉高度
Fillet weld toe angle角焊缝焊趾角度
s
0.9s
d
a 0.9a
d
焊脚高度和焊喉高
度不得低于设计高
s
d
= design s
度的0.9倍
a
d
= design a
Over short weld
lengths补焊长度
不得低于允许最
小长度
In
areas of stress
concentration
and fatigue,
the
Classification
Society may
require
a lesser
angle.受应力集
加或易疲劳区
域,船级社可要
求更小的角度
90
Fillet weld
undercut角焊缝咬边
D
≤ 0.8 mm
- 25 -
Table 8.6 – Typical Butt Weld Plate
Edge Preparation (Automatic welding) for Reference
典型对接焊缝坡口准备参考(自动焊)
Detail
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)埋弧自动
焊
Standard Limit Remarks
0 G 0.8 mm
G = 2 mm
See Note 1.
NOTE 1
按URW28及其它船级社认可的标准
准备的坡口也可能被本社接受或认可。除手工焊外的其它焊接程序，参
见第3.2章节焊接评定
Different plate edge preparation may be
accepted or approved by the Classification Society
in accordance with
URW28 or other recognized
standard accepted by the Classification Society.
For welding procedures other than manual
welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of
welding procedures.
- 26 -
Table 8.7 – Distance
Between Welds 焊缝错开
Detail
Scallops
over weld seams端口绕焊与对接焊
缝
Standard
Limit
强力构件
d 5mm
其它
d 0mm
Remarks
r
d
The “d” is to be
measured from the
toe of the fillet weld
to the toe of the butt
weld.
间距d为一焊
趾到另一焊趾距离
Distance between
two butt welds两对接焊缝
间距
d 0 mm
Distance
between butt weld and fillet weld
对接和角接焊缝
Distance between butt welds对接焊缝
距开口结构,间距
大于30毫米
for cut-outs
d 30 mm
对接焊缝距补板
焊缝距离大于300
毫米
for margin plates
d 300 mm
强力构件
d 10 mm
普通构件
d 0
mm
The “d” is to be
measured from
the
toe of the fillet weld
to the toe of
the butt
weld. 间距d为一焊
趾到另一焊趾距离
150 mm
- 27 -
Table 9.1 – Typical Misalignment Remedial
错位补救
Detail
Alignment of butt
joints对接错位
t
1
Remedial
Standard
Strength member强力结构
a
0.15t
1
or a 4 mm
release and adjust
松开，调整。
Other普通结构
a
0.2t
1
or a 4 mm 松开，调整
release and
adjust
Strength member and higher stress
member
强力构件及高应力构件
t
1
3 a
t
1
2 – 增加焊喉高度 10%
a t
1
2
- 拆除调整。拆除距离不小
于50a
其它构件
a
t
1
2 - 拆除调整。拆除距离不小于
30a
When
0.04b a 0.08b, max 8 mm:
grind corners to
smooth taper over a
minimum distance L = 3a
如果偏移量在0.04b a 0.08b, 且不超
过 8
mm可用削斜打磨方式处理，斜边
长不小于3倍偏移量
When a 0.08b or
8 mm:
grind corners to smooth taper over a
minimum distance L = 50a
如偏移量大于0.08b 或 8
mm:打磨尖角，过
渡斜边长度不小于50倍偏移量。
When 3 mm a 6
mm:
build up by welding
如高度差在3 mm a 6
mm，堆焊
When a 6 mm:高低差大于6
mm，拆除
长度不小于50倍（强力构件）或30倍
（普通构件）的偏差并调整。
release and adjust over minimum L = 50a
for strength member and L = 30a for other
Remarks
t
1
为较薄板厚
Alignment of fillet welds角接头焊缝
a
1
t
1
2
t
1
2
t
2
2
t
2
2
Alternatively, heel line can be
used to
check the alignment.
也可选择使用板的边缘线检
查对中
Where t
3
is less than
t
1
then t
3
should be substituted for
t
1
in
standard 如果中间板厚度t
3
小于t
1
，则计算时用t
3
代替t
1
Alignment of flange of T-longitudinal
T形材纵杵面板对中
Alignment of
height of T-bar, L-angle
bar or bulb
T形材，角钢或球扁钢
高度上偏差
3 mm a 5 mm:
weld leg length to be
increased by the same
amount as increase in
gap in excess of 3
mm间隙大于3毫米的加焊，焊脚高度增
加量为偏差量。
a 5
mm:重新定位装配
members to be re-aligned
Alignment of lap welds搭接偏差
- 28 -
Table 9.2 – Typical
Misalignment Remedial 典型偏差修补
Detail
Gap between bracketintercostal
and
stiffener
肘板，联接板及加强筋之间的间隙
Remedial
Standard
When 3 mm a 5 mm:
weld leg length to be increased by increase
in gap in excess of 3 mm
间隙在3 mm a 5
mm，增加焊脚高度3
毫米
When 5mm a 10 mm:
chamfer 30 to 40 and build up by welding
with backing
当间隙在5mm a 10
mm，削斜30-40，
加衬垫堆焊。
When a 10 mm:
increase gap to about 50 mm and fit collar
plate
间隙大于10 mm，增加间隙至50 mm，加
套板
Remarks
b = (2t +
25) mm, min. 50 mm
Gap between beam and
frame
横梁与肋骨（板）之间间隙
3 mm a 5 mm:
增加焊高（增加量为偏差量）
weld
leg length to be increased by the same
amount
as increase in gap in excess of 3
mm
a 5 mm release and adjust
间隙大于5毫米，拆除再调整
- 29 -
TABLE 9.3 – Misalignment Remedial 错位与偏差修补
Detail
Position of scallop
半圆孔位置
Remedial standard
When d <
75 mm
web plate to be cut between scallop and
slot,
and collar plate to be fitted
如间距小于75毫米，将半圆孔与通孔打
通，如下图增加补板
Remarks
或在半圆孔上复一块板
d
或如下图补板盖住半圆孔
Gap around
stiffener cut-out
穿孔与角钢间隙
When 3 mm s 5 mm
weld leg length to be
increased by the same
amount as increase in
gap in excess of 2 mm
当间隙在3 mm s 5
mm，增加焊脚高度
增加的高度为间隙大小+2 mm
When 5
mm s 10
mm
nib to be chamfered
and built up by welding
当间隙在5-10毫米之间时，腹板削斜堆焊
When s > 10 mm
cut off nib and fit
collar plate of same height
as nib
间隙大于10毫米，腹板伸出端割除齐平，
装配防倾补板
20 mm
b 50 mm
- 30 -
TABLE 9.4 – Typical Butt Weld
Plate Edge Preparation Remedial (Manual Welding
and
Semi-Automatic Welding)
典型对接坡口准备修补（手工焊及半自动焊）
Detail
Square butt I型坡口
Remedial
standard
When G 10 mm
chamfer
to 45° and build up by welding
如间隙小等于10毫米，板削斜成45度，堆焊
When G > 10mm
build up with backing strip; remove,
back
gouge and seal weld;
or, insert plate, min.
width 300 mm
间隙大于10毫米，背部衬垫，焊后去除衬垫，
背面清根密封焊，或按宽度不小于300毫米板
When 5 mm G 1.5t
(maximum 25 mm)
build up gap with welding on
one or both edges
to maximum of 0.5t, using
backing strip, if
necessary.
如果间隙在5毫米至1.5倍板厚且不大于25
mm,单侧或双侧堆焊缩小间隙至0.5倍板厚以
下。或如有必要，反面加衬垫。
Where a backing strip is used, the backing
strip is
to be removed, the weld back gouged,
and a
sealing weld
made.如背面加衬垫，则焊后，衬
垫须去除。背面清除密封焊接。
Remarks
Single bevel butt
单面单V型坡口
Double bevel butt
K型坡口
Double vee butt, uniform bevels
X型坡口
Different welding
arrangement by using backing
material approved
by the Classification Society
may be accepted
on the basis of an appropriate
welding
procedure specification.
只要使用正确的焊接程序，船级社认可的衬
垫，焊接方式虽有所不同，也可接受。
When G > 25 mm or 1.5t, whichever is smaller,
use insert plate, of minimum width 300 mm
Min.
Double vee butt, non-
uniform bevel
X型坡口，非对称
当间隙大于25毫米或1.5倍板厚（取最小值），
则须使用宽度不小于300毫米的嵌板
- 31 -
TABLE 9.5 – Typical Butt Weld Plate
Edge Preparation Remedial (Manual Welding and
Semi-Automatic Welding)
典型对接焊缝坡口准备的修补(手工和半自动焊接)
Detail
Single vee butt, one side welding
单面V形坡口单面焊
Remedial Standard
When 5 mm
G 1.5t mm (maximum 25
mm), build up
gap with welding on
one or both edges, to
maximum of 0.5t,
using backing strip, if
necessary.
当间隙在5 mm G 1.5t mm (且不大于
25
mm),可单面或双面堆焊,修至0.5倍板
厚以下.或使用衬垫.
Where a
backing strip is used, the backing
strip is
to be removed, the weld back
gouged, and a
sealing weld made.
如使用衬垫,单面焊完后要去除衬垫,背面
清根,焊好.
Different
welding arrangement by using
backing material
approved by the
Classification Society may be
accepted on
the basis of an appropriate
welding
procedure specification.
只要使用的
焊接程序合适,采用不同的焊
接方法,使用船级社认可的衬垫材料,也可
接受.
Remarks
Single vee butt
单面V形坡口
When G
25 mm or 1.5t, whichever is
smaller, use
insert plate of minimum width
300 mm.
当间隙大于25毫米或1.5倍板厚,则需割
换300毫米宽的板.
Min
.
- 32 -
TABLE 9.6 – Typical Fillet Weld
Plate Edge Preparation
Remedial (Manual
Welding and
Semi-Automatic Welding)
典型角焊缝坡口准备修补(手工及半自动焊接)
Detail
Tee Fillet 丁字接头
Remedial standard
3 mm G 5 mm – leg length increased
to Rule leg + (G-2)
间隙在3 mm G 5
mm时，增加焊角高度
（G-2）毫米
5
mm G 16 mm 间隙或 G 1.5t倍板厚，
板削斜30 - 45,
加衬垫，打磨焊接。
build up with welding, on one side,
with
backing strip if necessary, grind and
weld.
Remarks
30° to
45°
G 16 mm or G 1.5t use
insert plate of
minimum width 300 mm
如间隙大于16毫米或1.5倍板厚,割换大于
300毫米钢板.
Liner treatment 衬板处理
t
2
t t
1
G 2 mm
a = 5 mm + fillet leg length
衬板的两边宽度5 mm +角焊缝高度
不能用于货舱区域
或衬板厚度方向有
拉应力的结构.
Not to be used in
cargo area or areas
of tensile stress
through the
thickness of the
liner
- 33 -
TABLE 9.7 –
Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation
Remedial (Manual Welding and
Semi-Automatic
Welding) 典型角焊缝坡口准备修补(手工及半自动焊接)
Detail
Remedial standard Remarks
Single
bevel tee 单边坡口T形3 mm G 5 mm 间隙堆焊
build
up weld
接头
5 mm
G 16 mm - build up with
welding, with
backing strip if necessary,
remove backing
strip if used, back
gouge and back weld.
间隙在5 mm G 16
mm之间,堆焊。或用
背面衬垫，单面焊后，衬垫去除，清根焊满
G 16 mm new plate to be
inserted of
minimum width 300 mm
间隙大于16毫米,割换300毫米以上钢板,
- 34 -
TABLE 9.8 – Typical Fillet Weld Plate
Edge Preparation Remedial (Manual Welding and
Semi-Automatic Welding)典型角焊缝坡口准备修补(手工焊及半自动焊接)
Detail
Single „J‟ bevel tee J形坡口
Remedial standard
as single
bevel tee同单边V坡口的T形结
构要求
Remarks
Double bevel tee symmetrical双边对称
T字结构坡口
当间隙在5 mm G 16
mm,使用陶瓷衬
垫或其它衬垫焊,反面清除衬垫,清根,焊接
When 5
mm G 16 mm build up with
welding using
ceramic or other approved
backing bar,
remove, back gouge and back
weld.
Double bevel tee asymmetrical
双面非对称T字结构坡口
When G 16 mm-
insert plate of minimum
height 300 mm to be
fitted.
间隙大于16毫米,割换300毫米以上钢板,
Double „J‟ bevel symmetrical
双面对称J形坡口
TABLE 9.9 –
Typical Fillet and Butt Weld Profile Remedial
(Manual Welding and Semi-Automatic
- 35 -
Welding)典型的对接焊或角焊缝外形修补(手工焊或半自动焊接)
Detail
Fillet weld leg length焊高不够
Remedial standard
Increase leg or throat by welding over
补焊增大焊高或焊喉尺寸
Remarks
Fillet weld toe angle角焊缝焊趾角度
Minimum short bead
to be referred
Table
9.14
90 grinding, and
welding, where
最小补焊长度见表9.14
necessary, to make ≤ 90
大于90度的焊趾如果需要角度小于
等于90度,可打磨
90 grinding, and welding, where
necessary, to make ≤ 90
大于90度的焊趾如果需要角度小于
等于90度,可打磨
Butt weld
toe angle对接焊缝焊趾角
度
Butt weld
undercut对接焊缝咬边
Fillet weld
undercut角焊缝咬边
For strength member,
where 0.5 D 1
mm, and for other, where 0.8
< D ≤ 1 mm,
undercut to be ground smooth
(localized
only) or to be filled by welding
强力结构的局部咬边在0.5 D 1mm
及普通构件的局部咬边在0.8 < D
≤ 1
mm,可打磨光顺或补焊.
所有结构,D 1 mm
咬边深度大于1毫
米,补焊
undercut to be filled by
welding
Where 0.8 D 1 mm
undercut to be ground smooth (localized
only) or to be filled by welding
局部咬边在0.8
D 1 mm打磨或补焊
Where D 1 mm
undercut
to be filled by welding咬边大于
1毫米,补焊
- 36 -
TABLE 9.10 –
Distance Between Welds Remedial 焊缝过近修补方案
Detail
Scallops over weld
seams过焊孔的焊
缝与对接焊焊太近
Hole to be cut and ground smooth to
obtain distance
将孔开大,打磨光顺,使焊缝错开
Remedial
standard
Remarks
- 37 -
TABLE 9.11 – Erroneous Hole Remedial 错误开孔的补救措施
Detail
Holes made erroneously D
< 200 mm
直径小于200毫米的错误开孔
Remedial standard
Strength member 强力构件
open hole to minimum
75 mm dia.,
fit and weld spigot piece
将边角开割成直径
不小于75毫米,如下图安装塞板,焊接.
= 30 – 40
G = 4 – 6 mm
12t ≤ t
1
≤ t
l = 50 mm
Or
open hole to over 300 mm and fit
insert plate
或将孔开到大于300毫米,安装嵌入板
Other
其它结构
open hole to over 300 mm and fit insert
plate
将孔开到大于300毫米安装嵌入板或
Or fit lap
plate安装贴板.
Remarks
Fillet weld to
be made
after butt weld
先焊对接焊缝,再焊角焊
缝
The fitting of
spigot
pieces in areas of high
stress
concentration or
fatigue is to be approved
by the Classification
Society.
右上图如果是
处于高应
力集加处或易疲劳区域,
塞板使用前应得到船级
社认可.
t
1
= t
2
L = 50 mm, min
Holes made erroneously D
≥
200
Strength member 强力构件
open
hole and fit insert plate
mm直径大于20毫米的孔
开孔安装嵌入板
Other 其它结构
open hole to over 300 mm and fit insert plate
Or fit lap plate将孔开到大于300毫米直径安
装嵌入板或如下图贴板.
t
1
= t
2
L = 50 mm, min
- 38 -
TABLE 9.12 – Remedial by Insert
Plate 嵌入板修补方案
Detail
Remedial by insert plate嵌入板修补方案
Remedial standard
Remarks
L
= 300 mm minimum
B = 300 mm minimum
R = 5t mm
100mm minimum
(1)
seam with insert piece is to be welded
first嵌入板与船体板先焊接
(2) original seam is
to be released and
welded over for a minimum
of 100 mm.
船体板焊缝事先应至少割开100毫米,再焊
接.
Remedial of built section by
insert plate
型材嵌入板修补方案
L
min
300 mm
Welding sequence焊接顺序
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Web butt weld scallop to be filled during
final pass (4)
腹板的过焊孔应在最后一道焊缝焊接时填
满.
- 39 -
TABLE 9.13 – Weld Surface Remedial 焊接表面质量补救
Detail 检验项目
Weld spatter 焊接飞溅
Remedial standard 补救措施标准 Remarks 备注
In principle, no grinding is
1.
Remove spatter observed before
applied to
weld surface.
blasting with scraper or
chipping
hammer, etc. 冲砂前打磨清除飞溅
原则上,焊接表面不需打
磨
2. For spatter
observed after blasting:
冲
砂后发现飞溅可打磨去除.对不易去
除的飞溅可将锐角打磨成圆角
a) Remove with a chipping hammer,
scraper, etc.
b) For spatter not
easily removed with
a chipping hammer,
scraper, etc.,
grind the sharp angle of
spatter to
make it obtuse.
Minimum short bead to be
Arc strike 电弧击伤
Remove the hardened zone by grinding
referred Table 9.14最小焊馏尺
(HT steel, Cast
steel, Grade E of mild
or other measures such
as overlapped weld
steel, TMCP type HT
steel, Low temp
bead etc.
寸见表9.14
steel)
打磨去除淬硬区和焊渣焊馏等
高强度钢,铸钢件,E级低碳钢板,控温控
扎(TMCP)型高强度钢,低温钢
- 40 -
TABLE 9.14 – Welding Remedial by Short
Bead 利用短焊缝修补方案
Detail
Short bead
for remedying scar (scratch)
利用短焊缝修补伤痕(刮伤)
Remedial standard
a) HT steel, Cast steel, TMCP type HT
steel (Ceq 0.36%) and Low temp
steel
(Ceq 0.36%)
高强度钢,铸钢,调质高强度钢(碳当量大
于0.36%)和低
温钢(碳当量大于
0.36%)
Length of short bead 50
mm
补焊焊缝长度不小于50毫米
b) Grade E of
mild steel
E级低碳钢,补焊焊缝长度不小于30毫
米
Length
of short bead 30 mm
c) TMCP type HT steel
(Ceq 0.36%)
and Low temp steel (Ceq 0.36%)
调质高强度钢和低温钢(碳当量小于
0.36%),补焊焊缝长度不小于10毫米.
Length of short bead 10 mm
a) HT steel,
Cast steel, TMCP type HT
steel (Ceq 0.36%)
and Low temp
steel (Ceq 0.36%)
高强度钢,铸钢,调
质高强度钢(碳当量大
于0.36%)和低温钢(碳当量大于
0.36%)
Length of short bead 50 mm
b) Grade E
of mild steel
E级低碳钢,补焊焊缝长度不小于30毫
米
Length of short bead 30 mm
c) TMCP
type HT steel (Ceq 0.36%)
and Low temp steel
(Ceq 0.36%)
调质高强度钢和低温钢(碳当量小于
0.36%),补焊焊缝长度不小于10毫米.
Length of short bead 30 mm
Remarks
Preheating is necessary at
100 ± 25°C
预热温度必须在100 ± 25°C
范围内
Remedying weld bead
焊接缺陷补焊修补
NOTE:
1. When short bead is made
erroneously, remove the bead by grinding.
MnCrMoVNiCu
%
2.
CeqC
6515
- 41 -