非谓语(-ed)讲解
海蛎子的营养价值-春节放假通知范文
非谓语动词的句法功能
不定式
动名词
主语
√
√
宾语
√
√
宾语补足表语
语
√ √
√
√
√
√
√
定语
√
√
√
√
状语
√
√
√
现在分词
过去分词
非谓语做题步骤
解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，
所
给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定
作该成分的应
是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特
点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别
的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定
该填哪种形式。
可以按照以下四步来解答
一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”
二 找逻辑主语
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻
辑主语。
_____these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking
of those days when I was in Beijing .
_____
from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,
Beijing looks more magnificent.
( see)
三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是
主动还是被动关系。
1. The dirty clothes ______ ,
the girl hung them up outside .
2. ______ the
dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed
B. washed
washed
washed
四、分析时态
1. The building _C___now will be a restaurant
.
2. The building __B__ next year will be a
restaurant .
3. The building __D____last year
is a restaurant.
A. having been built
B. to be built
built
D. built
非谓语动词（done）的用法讲解
一 作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。
例如：
While she was getting me _ __
(settle) into a tiny but clean room…
思路分析：因句中已有谓语was
getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle
sb. intoinon…
(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去
分词用宾补，故填sett
led。
注意：
1）·在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-
ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，
且意味着该动作已经完成
2）·get…done=have
sth. done请人做遭受(被动)。
3）·make oneself
后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明
白自
己的意思让自己讲的话被别人听到让自己被别人看到让自己被别人认识。
例如：
Alexander tried to get his work __________
(recognize) in the medical circles.
recognize
d。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”
之间为被动关系。
二 作状语
(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，若与句子主语在逻辑上
是被动关系，
用-ed形式。
(2)在“连词(如when, while, if,
though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是被动
关系时用-ed形式。
例如：
Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the
professor gave us a warm welcome.
surprised,
因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。
_____ (see) from the top of the tower, the
south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
seen, 由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。
The experiment shows that proper amounts
of exercise, if ________(carry) out
regularly,
can improve our health.
carried，由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进行，执行)
之间为被动关系，故用“连
词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out
regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly
三 作定语
分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如：
I’m calling to enquire about the
position _____ (advertise) in yesterday’s China
Daily.
advertised, 由于position(职位) 与
advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系，且广告昨
天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。
So far nobody has claimed the money
________ (discover) in the library.
discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经
”被发
现，故用过去分词作定语。
四 作表语
分词作表语则说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-
ed分词表示“(人)
感到……的”。
实例解析
1
Mrs. White showed her students some old maps
_______ (borrow) from the library.
borrowed,
因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来
了，所以用过去分词作定
语。
2 The living room is clean and tidy,
with a dining table already _____(lay) for a meal
to be cooked.
laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子
”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关
系，所以用过去分词作定语。
3 A great number of students ____________
(question) said they were forced to
practice
the piano.
questioned,由于students与question(提问，询问)
之间为被动关系，故用过去分
词作定语。
4 Lucy has a great
sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues
________(amuse)
with her stories.
amused,
意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作
宾补(相当于形容词作
宾补的)，故填amused。
5 Almost 33 ( freeze),
the old man could not get off the ground.
frozen, 因句子主语the old
man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因
状语。
6 It
was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time
of economic uncertainty for
many American
families.
delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。
非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：
一)．使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1） 在“句子, andorbut +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”
的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard
and you will succeed in the exam.
2.______hard
or you will fail in the exam.
A. Study B. To
study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A】
2）
在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
3. The teacher devoted
his life to his career, ______ most of his
students successful
in study.
A. make B.
to make C. making D. made 【答案：C】
3）
在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
4. _________with
children, I know what is needed most.
A.
Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work
【答案：B】
4) 在“with + 宾语+
宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：
5. With her baby
_____ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich
man’s house.
A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep
D. sleeping 【答案：D】
6. With his hair _______
like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.
A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut
【答案：B】
5） 在driveleavekeepmakehaveletgetfindhea
r…等使让动词或感观动词后面作
宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
7. He
made his sister ______ by taking away her toy.
8. His sister was made _______ by his taking
away her toy.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D.
cried 【答案： A B】
9. the policeman found the
thief ______ his hand into an old man’s pocket and
arrested him.
A. put B. putting C. to
put D. being put 【答案：B】
二).
非谓语动词考点易错点：
1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：
10.__________ , he fell asleep quickly.
A.
Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：C】
man won a big prize, __________and ________.
A. surprised happy B. surprising happy
C. surprised pleasant D. surprising
pleased 【答案：A】
12. __ in thought of the
problems, the man didn’t realize his girlfriend’s
coming in.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D.
Having lost 【答案：B】
13. The students ______
in art can sign in the form and be a member of our
school.
A. interest B. interesting C.
interested D. To interest 【答案：C】
2)
在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：
14. __________ a white skirt,
the girl looks like a angel.
A. Worn B. wear
C. dressed in D. dressing 【答案：C】
(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed
in
是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是when the
girl
is dressed in a white skirt省略而来的。)
15. _____ in a armchair, he is always
surfing online, eating fish and chips.
A. Sit
B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【答案：D】
（Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting;
seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这
个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）
3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：
16.________ tired and
weak, the woman should have a day off to see a
doctor.
A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D.
Looking 【答案：D】
（look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表
被动。）
17. With many problems ________ ________ , the
newly selected president will
have a hard
time.
A. remain; unsettled B. remaining;
unsettled
C. remained unsettling D.
remained; unsettling 【答案：B】
（用with开头的部分在这里是一
个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain
表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动
形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关
系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettle
d.）
18. Having some clothes ___________, I
cannot join you to see the film.
A. to wash
B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【答案：
A】
（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语
与不定式为
主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。）
19. _________ smooth, this
kind of pen sells well in our school.
A. To
write B. Writing C. being written D. Written
【答案 ：B】
（解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往
往用主动形式表示被动。）
4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：
逗号分开的前后两
部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一
致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这
种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”
20. _________ from this
angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw
【21答案：C】
（解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语the
mountain就要做其
逻辑主语，由于the
mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。）
21. _______,
I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
【22答案：C】
A. Time permits B. If time
permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting
（ 解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语
t
ime(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的
独立
结构。）
三） 注意的几点：
1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。
22. _________ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave.
【23答案C】
23. _________ with difficulties, we
should not give in.【24答案B】
A. To face B.
Faced C. Facing D. face
（解析：22题中的face是一个动词，由于与Liu
Hunan是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们
用现在分词形式，；23题中实际上考查了be faced
with这一固定搭配，其中的faced
看成形容词。）
24. The
president of South Africa flied to Libya, ______
to help solve the crisis.
25. The president of
South Africa flied to Libya, ______ at helping
solve the crisis.
A. aim B. aiming C. aimed
D. to aim 【25选B 26选C】
（解析：24题考查了动词aim to do
sth.(旨在做某事)，；25题考查固定搭配be aimed
at doing sth.
(旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词）
26. Though _______
money, his parents sent him to a key university.
27. Though _______ in money, his parents sent
him to a key university.
28. Though in _____
of money, his parents sent him to a key
university.
A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D.
to lack 【27选B、28选B、29选A】
（解析：26题中非谓语动词lacking（与his
parents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓
关系和动宾关系）；27题中考查了固定搭配：be
lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking
为形容词；28题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）in lack
of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名
词，这其实是由though his parents
were in lack of money省略了主语和were而业的）
2）
作结果状语时，doing与(only)to do的区别。
表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do
only to do）表示意料之外的结果：
29. His parents were
killed in the accident,(thus )_______ him an
orphan.
A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to
leave 【 30选B】
（解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表
结果状语。）
30. I hurried to school, only _______ that it
was Sunday. 【31选D】
A. find B. finding C.
found D. to find
（解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明
我忘记了，如果
我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。）
3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do 与doing 的区别。
31.
_________is a good form of exercise for both young
and old. 【32选B】
A. The walk B. Walking
C. To walk D. Walk
（不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句
词表示一般的经常性的动作，
多次散步才会有利于健康。）
4）
演变成了介词或连词的分词。
英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用i
ng形式
还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看
英美人
士的习惯。
32. ___________her age，she looks quite
young．
A．Consider B. Considered C. To
consider D. Considering
（解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得
十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考
虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑
还是被考虑”这里都用considering。）
高中阶段我们还学过的有：
介词
concerning regarding according to
including owing to
关于 关于 根据；按照 包括 因为；由于
连词
given supposing seeing (that) imaging
providingprovi
鉴于 假如 因为；既然 假如
5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。
33. ______ by her
mother, the girl burst into tears. 【34选B】
A.
Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To
scold
（解析：scold与the girl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这
个句
子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为：Because the girl was
scolded by her mother, the girl burst into
tears.当主从复合句的主语一致，且谓语
动词里有be 动词时，可以把 “连词+主语+be”
部分省略。）
34. ________ the tomb for 5 years, he
is now called an expert more or less. 【选B】
A.
Studying B. Having studied C. Having been
studied D. To study
（解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于he
与study是逻辑上的主谓关
系，加上study在先（有5年了），被
叫做“专家”在后，所以用非谓语动词的主动
完成式）
6）
“连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。
35. if _______ another
hour, I would have finished it
better.(give的恰当形式填空)。
36. While ___ homework,
the boy likes listening to light
music.(do的恰当形式填
空)
（解析： 是由if I had been
given another hour省略来的，if 在省略前省
略后都是连词；
是由while the boy are doing
homework省略来的，while
在省略前后都是连词）
37. After
__________ , he found a job as a secretary in a
company.(graduate的恰当
形式填空)
38.
Before_________ a proper person to be the new
president, the old president
wouldn’t
resign.(select的恰当形式填空)
（解析：37.
graduatinggraduation after
这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名
词，如果改为after he
graduated，那么这个after就变成了连词。38题中的before
用法与after
一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词时，要用动名词
形式，并充当介词。所以38填sel
ecting）
选择题
ded
假如
( )1 For breakfast he only drinks
juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be
grown D. to grow
( )2 not to miss
the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the
airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B.
Reminded C. To remind reminded
(
)3 ______ the right kind of training , these
teenage soccer players may one day
grew the
international stars.
A. Giving B.
Having given C. To give D. Given
( )4 Now that we’ve discussed out problem,
are people happy with the
decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
( )5 With the government’s aid, those _____
by the earthquake have moved to the
new
settlements.
A. affect B. affecting
C. affected D. were affected
( )6
Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _____ until
the plane has come to a
complete stop.
A.
seated B. seating C. to
seat D. seat
( )7 _____ by the
advances in technology, many farmers have set up
wind farms
on their land.
A. Being
encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D.
Having encouraged
( )8 _______and short of
breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the
top of
Mount Tai.
A. Tire B. Tired
C. Tiring D. Being tired
( )9 Michael’s new
house is like a huge palace, ______with his old
one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
( )10 We
finished the run in less than half the time .
ng allow d
( )11 The trees in
the storm have been moved off the road.
blown down downg down blow down
( )12 It
is one of the funniest things on the Internet so
far this year.
g found find
(
)13 To learn English well，we should find
opportunities to hear English
as much as we
can.
ng speak
( )14 “Things
never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to
myself.
lose lost
( )15
There have been several new events to the
program for the 2008
Beijing Olympic Games.
add
( )16 A good story does
not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but
the reader
must not be left .
sfied
sfying be unsatisfying unsatisfied
( )17 __for the breakdown of the school
computer network，Alice was in low
spirits.
g blame be blamed
( )18 Five people won the “China’s Green
Figure”award，a title to ordinary
people for
their contributions to environmental protection.
given given given
( )19 The
prize of the game show is $$30，000 and an all
expenses vacation to
China.
be paid
paid
( )20 ___ into use in April，2000，the
hotline was meant for residents reporting
water and heating supply breakdowns.
g put put
答案解析
1 A 2 B 3 D 4 C 5
C 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 C 11 B 12 D 13 C 14 A
15 D
16 A 17 B 18 C 19 B 20 A
填空题
1 The managers discussed the plan
that they would like to see _______ (carry) out
the
next year.
2 To learn English well,
we should find opportunities to hear English
______ (speak)
as much as we can.
3 He is
very popular among his students as he always tries
to make them
_____(interest) in his lectures.
4 John received an invitation to dinner, and
with his work _____ (finish), he gladly
accepted it.
5 He had it _____(fix),
because he doesn’t know much about computers.
6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a
good way to have her written English
________
(improve) in a short period.
7. Helen had to
shout to make herself _____ (hear) above the sound
of the music.
8 _______ (blame) for the
breakdown of the school computer network, Alice
was in
low spirits.
9 When _____ (ask)
why he went there, he said he was sent there to be
trained for a
space flight.
10 The
flowers his friend gave him will die unless
________(water) every day.
11 The trees
_________(blow) in the storm have been moved off
the road.
12. Can those _________ (seat) at
the back of the classroom hear me?
children
went home from the grammar school, their lessons
_____(finish) for
the day.
14 _____
(give) the general state of health, it may take
him a while to recover from
the operation.
15 _____(look at) in this way, the situation
doesn’t seem so disappointing.
16 Most of the
photographers ____(invite) to the conference were
from north Europe.
17 The speaker raised his
voice but couldn’t make himself _____.(hear)
18 In order not to be disturbed, I
spent three hours _____ my study.(lock)
19
Mrs. Bush stood ____(surprise) for a moment when
an old soldier suddenly
appeared before her.
20 _____ (determine) to complete the job on
time, they set out to work immediately
（答案都是用—ed形式）
翻译题：
1考虑所有事情之后，之前计划好的旅行不得不被取消。（consider, have to）
All things considered , the planned trip will
have to be called off.
2 .
看到那条巨蛇后，小女孩站在树下害怕的要死.(see, out of one’s life)
Seeing the big snake, the little girl stood
under the tree, frightened out of her life.
3一般来说，当采取根据方向时药物没有副作用.(side effect)
Generally speaking, when taken according to
the directions, the drug has no side
effect.
4这项研究被设计为 一旦开始
任何事情都无法改变它（的进行）。(so….that…;
once)
The
research is so designed that once begun nothing
can be done to change it.
5建于1613年的哈佛，是美国最著名的大学之一。
Founded in 1613,
Harvard is one of the most famous universities in
the United
States.
6你要是去西安，你会发现那里的宫殿比一般认为的壮丽得多。（magnificent;
than）
If you go to Xi’an, you will find
the palaces there more magnificent than commonly
supposed
7给予更多的关注，树可以生长更好
Given
more attention, the tree could have grown better.
8当和整个地球相比时，最高的山根本就不算高。
When compared
with the size of the whole earth, the highest
mountain does not seem
high at all.
9被单独留在漆黑的房间里，小男孩吓哭了
Left alone in the dark
room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.
10以友善的方式解决,他们的争吵也结束了。（settle;come to an
end）
Settled in a friendly way, their quarrel
came to an end.
语法填空
I was always
told that the three Ps, patience, positive
thinking and perseverance, were
a sure path
1______ this advice does not always work as
planned. My
high school maths exam is one
example. The exam, 2______was originally to be
held
in our classroom, 3_______(change) to the
library at the last minute. This, 4______,
didn’t bother me because maths had always been
my strongest subject. I patiently
walked to
the library, took my seat and did some deep
breathing to help relax 5_____.
But my mood
changed quickly when I saw the first question. I
had no idea how to do
it. I tried to stay
6_______(positive) and persevered 7______I
finally found the
solution. With the problem
8______(solve),I felt proud of my
achievement.9________(fortunate),I then
noticed that I had just 10 minutes left
10______ (complete) the rest.
1 to 2
which 3 was changed 4 however 5 myself 6
positive 7 until
8 solved 9 Unfortunately
10 to complete
语篇填空
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_to
make（make）serious research of the
mind. The
mind is the collection of activities [2]_based
_（base） in the brain that
involve how we act,
think, feel and reason.
He used long talks
with patients and the study of dreams [3] to
search（search）
for the causes of mental and
emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis. He
wanted
to see if [4]_putting_（put）patients
into a sleep-like condition would help ease
[5]_troubled（trouble） minds. In most cases he
found the effects only temporary.
Freud
worked hard, although what he did might sound
easy. His method involved
[6]_sitting_ (sit)
with his patients and [7]_listening_（listen）to
them talk. He had them
[8]_talk_（talk）about
whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts
and anything
that entered their mind had to
[9]_be expressed__（express）. There could be
no[10]_holding__（hold）back because of fear or
guilt.