(完整word版)新概念第一册知识点总结讲解,推荐文档
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新概念第一册 知识点总结（全）
名词
名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没
有。
可数名词单数变复数规则：
1)单数名词加s: students, apples,
bags, trees, books, brothers.
2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes,
matches.
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities,
babies, enemies.
4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es:
wives, knives.但有些词只加s:
roofs, proof s, chiefs.
5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes,
potatoes.其它加s:
radios, zoos, pianos, photos.
6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth,
child→children,
man→men, woman→women,
sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.
代词
第 一 人 称 第 二 人第 三 人 称
称
单数 复数 单数
复数 单 数 复数
人 主 格 I we you you he she
it they
称
代
宾 格 me us you you him
her it them
词
物 形容 my our your your his
her its their
主 词性
代
名词mine ours yours
yours his hers its theirs
词
性
I.
人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常
做动词或介词的宾语.
Eg: a. I’m a nurse.
b. Could you
help me ?
II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.
形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对
1
象.
名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.
Eg: a.
Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school)
b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the
desk.(=your pen)
时态
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week
(day, year, month…), once a
week, on Sundays…
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①amisare+not;②此时态的谓语
动词若为行为动词，则在其前
加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行
为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三
人称单数
，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
My father is a doctor.
Tom isn’t at home.
Are they policemen?
I often get up at 7 o’clock every morning.
He doesn’t like apples.
Do you always read
before going to bed?
What do you usually do on
Sundays?
一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化
2
规则如下：
1)
一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如：
works gets says reads
2) 以s，x ，ch，sh或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加 -es。 例如：
goes teaches washes
3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把
y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：
studies tries carries
特殊情况：动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has。
例如： He has an
interesting book.
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、
行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday,
last week(year, night,
month…), in 1989, just
now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long
ago, once
upon a time, ….
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①waswere+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did
提问，
同时还原行为动词。
I was at my mother’s last
week.
Once upon a time, there was a beautiful
girl whose name was Snow White.
Lucy went to
America five months ago.
I didn’t go to the
cinema last night.
3
Did Lily dance at the party?
What did you
do yesterday?
动词的过去式变化：
be动词：amis-----was
are---were
规则动词：
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如:
want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed,
clean—cleaned
2.
以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived,
use—used,
move—moved
3.
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的
辅音字母，再加-
ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4.
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied,
carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词：
Have-had eat-ate drink-drank
go-went come-came see-saw
hear-heard put-
put cut-cut 等等
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this
time, these days, …
基本结构：amisare+doing
否定形式：amisare+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
They are playing basketball on the playground.
4
I am not reading
anything.
Is he waiting for the bus?
What
are you doing now?
动词ing形式的变化规则：
1
一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing
work ---- working
sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying
2
动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing
take ----- taking
make ----- making dance ----- dancing
3
重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－ing
cut -----
cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
4 以－ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加－ing
lie -----
lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that
time或以when引导的谓语动词是一
般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：waswere+doing
否定形式：waswere + not +
doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
I was
listening to the radio at 7 this morning.
He
was cleaning the car when I arrived.
What was
he doing at this time yesterday?
五、现在完成时：
5
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响
或结果，或从过去已
经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：already,
just,yet, since…, for…,….
基本结构：havehas + done
否定形式：havehas + not +done.
一般疑问句：have或has。
He has lost his wallet.
I have already had
my lunch.
David hasn’t finished his homework
yet.
Have you seen this film?
Mary has
been a translator for 20 years.
They have
lived here since 1987.
How long have you lived
here?
动词过去分词变化规则：
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4
条。
1.
直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked,
need—needed,
clean—cleaned
2.
以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived,
use—used,
move—moved
3.
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的
辅音字母，再加-
ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped
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4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-
ed。如：study—studied,
carry—carried,
hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。
Be动词-been have-had go-gone come-come eat-
eaten drink-drunk
等等
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某
个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某
动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, after….
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
The bus had already left before I arrived at
the station.
He went to the park after he had
finished his work.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month,
year…),soon, in a few minutes,
the day after
tomorrow, …
基本结构：①amisare going to + do；②will
+ do.
否定形式：①amisare not going to + do；②will
not + do
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will提到句首。
My
family are going to Beijing next week.
It is
going to rain.
7
He
will be 11 years old next year.
We will leave
in two hours.
情态动词
我们学过的情态动词有can,
could, may, must, had better, have to
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。
Can
1,
表示能力，“能够…”
I can swim very well.
He can’t
sing or dance.
2, 表示请求，“可以…吗？”
Can I help
you?
Can you give the glass to me, please?
Could
1, can的过去式，表示过去的能力，“能够…”
He
could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he
can’t.
2, 表示请求，比can 更加委婉客气，此时could非can的过去式。
Could you help me, please?
Could you
bring the book to me?
Could I borrow your
bike?
May
表示请求，比can稍加委婉客气。“可以…吗？”
May
I come in?
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May I
use your pen?
Must
1, 表示“必须…”
I
must go now.
You must finish your work
before you leave the company.
2,
mustn’t表示“禁止…”
Kate，you mustn’t play with
the knife, because it is too dangerous.
You
mustn’t smoke in the classroom.
Had better
“最好…”
否定形式：had better not
You had better
put on more clothes. It is cold outside.
We’d
better leave at once.
You had better not eat
eggs.
You’d better not go out at this time.
Have to “不得不…”
David has to take care of
his litter sister because his parents are not at
home.
They have to stay at home because it is
raining heavily outside.
形容词的原级，比较级和最高级
（一）规则变化：
1．绝大多数的单音节，词尾加-er ，-est
tall—taller—tallest
2．以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r，-st
9
nice—nicer—nicest ,
able—abler—ablest
3．以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i再加-
er，-est
easy—easier—easiest
4．只包含一个元音，并且以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写结尾
的辅音字母，再加-
er，-est
big—bigger—biggest hot-hotter-
hottest
5．少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est
clever—cleverer—cleverest,
narrow—narrower—narrowest
6．其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高
级
Beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful
Expensive---more expensive---most expensive
（二）不规则变化
常见的有：
good well—better—best
; bad badly ill—worse—worst
many
much—more—most little—less—least
用法：
1． 原级：as + 形容词原级+as（否定为not soas + 形容词原级+as）
“…和…一样…”
This room is as big as that one.
I have as many books as you have.
You are
not as tall as I.
2． 比较级 + than 用于两者之间的比较
10
“…比…更…”
This
shirt is cheaper.
He is older than I.
Lucy is more beautiful than her sister.
7．the + 最高级 + 比较范围
He is the tallest
of the boys.
He is the tallest in his
class.
This is the largest dress in the
shop.
I want the most expensive shoes.
Have用作实义动词时的用法。
1．Have
作为“有”的意思，表示某人“拥有”某物。例如：
Do you have a soccer
ball? 你有一个足球吗！
Does he have a ping-pong ball?
他有一个乒乓球吗！
I have a new alarm clock.
我有一个新的闹钟。
Mary has two pen pals in Canada.
玛丽在加拿大有两个笔友。
2．Have
有“吃、喝”的意思，有时相当于动词“eat”或者“drink”。例如：
I often
have milk and eggs for breakfast.我早饭经常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋。
Do you usually have tea in the
afternoon?你通常下午喝茶吗？
Tom usually has lunch at
school every day. 汤姆每天在学校吃午饭。
3．Have
还可以用来描述病情，构成诸如have a cold have a toothache
have a feverhave a sore backhave a pain inon
等固定搭配，例如：
---“What’s the matter? ”你怎么了？
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---“I have a
toothache. ”我牙疼。
4． Have 与不定式符号“to”构成固定词组 have
to do something，用来表示
义务必须做某事，其意思与must相当。例如：
---Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday?
珍妮，星期天能来参加我的聚会吗？
---I’d love to. 我很乐意去。
---How about you? 你呢？
---I’m sorry, I
have to help my parents.抱歉，我得照顾我的父母。
5．我们还常见到如下的固定搭配：have a walk have a swim have a
rest have
a tryhave a look at have a good
time。比如：
Let’s lie down and have a rest.
让我们躺下休息一下吧
常见的介词的用法
On
1. 在….上
（有接触点）
There is a picture on the wall.
over, on表示“在……上”之间的区别
(1)over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。如：
The
bridge is over the river.
(2)on表示“在……上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如：
There is a map on the wall.
The earth
felt soft beneath our feet.
2. 指时间
12
（1）在具体的某一天，如某日、某节日、星期几等。如：
On May 4th, there will be a celebration.
It will rain on Tuesday.
（2）在具体某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如：
He arrived at 10
o’clock on the night of the 5th.
In
1．
在….里面
He is in the classroom.
2. 表示地点，在…。
My uncle lives in Shanghai.
Life is
difficult in America.
2． 表示时间。
（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上
午、下午或傍晚等）内。如：
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning,
in the evening, 等等
（2）在一段时间之后。一般情况下，用于将来时，谓语动词
为瞬间动词，
意为“在……以后”。如：
He will arrive in two
hours.
At
1. 指时间： 时间的一点、时刻等。如：
They
came home at ten o’clock .
另外注意一些固定搭配：at noon,
at midnight, at night
3. 指地点：在一些小地方。如：
At
home at the butcher’s at the dentist’s at the
hairdresser’s
in the front of 是指某物(或某整体)内部的前部;
in front of指某物(或某整体)外部的前面.
例如：
The
teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.
There is a tree in front of the house.
Behind 在…后面
The photo is behind the door.
Under 在….下面
Mary is sitting under the tree
in the garden.
Across 穿过…横渡…
Don’t walk
across the road when the traffic lights are red.
Off 从…离开
13
Jump
off the wall.
Take off your coat.
Into 进
Many children are going into the school.
Out of 出
He run out of the house.
英语中时间的表达方式
1. 表示整点：时间+o’clock
Seven
o’clock
2、如果分钟在半小时以内（包括半小时），表示“几点过几分”，句式为“分
钟
+past+小时”。如：
eleven past seven
3、如果分钟在半小时
以上（不包括半小时），表示“几点差几分”，句式为
“（60—分钟）+to+（小时+1）”，如：
two to seven
a quarter to eight
4、quarter意思是“四分之一”，用在时间中表示“一刻钟, 15分钟”。 three
quarter表示“三刻钟”即“45分钟”。不过，半小时可不是two quarter!而是
“half”
a quarter past eight 八点一刻
half
past nine 九点半
5、日常生活中用口语表达时间时，可以直接照书面数字读。如：
7:15读作seven fifteen
11:30读作eleven thirty
3:53读作three fifty-three
6、时间后面的am指上午；pm则指下午。
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9.p.m 下午9点
5.a.m 上午5点
7、表达“在几点几分”，用at+时间。如：
My father begins to
work at eight. 我的爸爸八点开始工作。
英语中日期的表达方式
（一） 书写方面
先看下面的两个例子：
1.
1986年10月23日→October 23rd, 1986
2.
2002年1月17日→January 17th, 2002
从上面的例子可以看出，英语日期的表达与汉语不同。英语表达的顺
序为月、日、年。
（二） 朗读方面
在朗读时，月份一般直接用英语读出；日则要读成序数词；
读年
份时，一般分为两个单位来读，前两个数为一个单位，后两个数
为一个单位。如：1982年读作nin
eteen eighty-two, 1900年读作nineteen
hundred。如果是三
位数，先读第一位，再把后两个数合起来读。如：
984年可读为nine eighty-
four,757年读成seven fifty-seven。
另外，像2000年一般读成two thousand, 2001年则读成two
thousand and
one,以此类推，2004年应读成two thousand and
four。
January 12th, 1993读成January the
twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。
注意：
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且
15
前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为“月＋日＋年”，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。
如：August
2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用“日＋月＋年”来表
示。如：10th
May，2003(2003年5月10日)。
英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用
介词in，若具
体到某一天，则需用介词on
不规则动词表
原形 过去式
过去分词
arise arose arisen
be was, were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet
bet bet
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast
broadcast
build built built
16
意义
出现
是
击败
成为
开始
弯曲
打赌
咬
流血
打击
打破
带来
广播
建设
burn
burst
buy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
burnt, burned
burst
bought
could
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
dreamt,
dreamed
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
burnt,
burned
burst
bought
-
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
dreamt, dreamed
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
17
燃烧
爆裂
购买
可以
捕捉
选择
来
花费
切
处理
挖
做
画
梦想
喝
开车
吃
下降
饲养
感觉
战斗
发现
fly
foresee
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
have, has
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
learn
leave
lend
flew
foresaw
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
,hanged
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
learnt, learned
left
lent
flown
foreseen
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung, hanged
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
led
learnt, learned
left
lent
18
飞
预见
忘记
原谅
冻结
获得
给
去
增长
挂
有
听
隐藏
击中
举行
伤害
保持
知道
躺在
领导
学习
离开
借出
let
lie
light
lose
make
may
mean
meet
misread
mistake
misundersta
nd
must
pay
put
read
rid
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
let let
lay
lain
lit, lighted lit, lighted
lost lost
made made
might -
meant meant
met met
misread misread
mistook
mistaken
misunderstood misunderstood
must
-
paid paid
put put
read read
rid,
ridded rid, ridded
rode ridden
rang rung
rose risen
ran run
said said
saw
seen
19
让
撒谎
照亮
失去
使
可能
意思
见面
误解
错误
误会
必须
付
放
读
摆脱
骑
响
上升
跑
说
看
seek
sell
send
set
shake
shall
shine
show
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
sow
speak
spell
spellbind
spend
spill
spin
spit
spoil
sought
sold
sent
set
shook
should
shone, shined
showed
shut
sang
sank, sunk
sat
slept
smelt, smelled
sowed
spoke
spelt, spelled
spellbound
spent
spilt
spun
spat
spoilt
sought
sold
sent
set
shaken
-
shone, shined
showed,
shown
shut
sung
sunk, sunken
sat
slept
smelt, smelled
sown, sowed
spoken
spelt, spelled
spellbound
spent
spilt
spun
spat
spoilt
20
寻求
出售
发送
放置
摇动
将
闪耀
显示
关闭
唱
下沉
坐
睡觉
闻
播种
发言
拼写
迷惑
花
洒
旋转
吐
溺爱
spread
stand
steal
stick
strike
swell
sweep
swim
swing
take
teach
tell
think
throw
understand
upset
wake
wear
weave
will
win
write
spread
stood
stole
stuck
struck
swelled
swept
swam
swung
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood
upset
waked，woke
wore
wove
would
won
wrote
spread
stood
stolen
stuck
struck, stricken
swollen
swept
swum
swung
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
understood
upset
waked，woken，
woke
worn
woven
-
won
written
21
蔓延
站
窃取
粘贴
打击
膨胀
扫
游泳
摆动
带走
教
告诉
认为
扔
明白
打乱
醒来
穿
编织
将
赢
写
22