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统计总体和总体单位
Statistical aggregates and units
统计总体和总体单位，根据一定的目的和要求，统计所需要研究
的客观事物的全体 ，称为统计总体，简称，总体组成，总体的每一个
事物称为总体单位，简称个体，例如要了解某一地区国 有，工业企业
的生产经营状况，总体，便是该地区的全国国有，工业企业，每一个
国有工业企业 是总体单位，统计总体的形成必须具备一定的条件，主
要条件有三条，第一客观性，总体和总体单位必须 是客观存在的，可
以实际观察和计量的，第二同质性，祖山，总体的所有课题必须是某
些性质上 是相同的，例如工业企业总体，必须是由进行工业生产经营
的基层单位组成的，至于究竟需要个体在哪些 性质上的相同才能构成
一个，统计总体，在总体的同质性，决定与统计研究的目的，第三差
异性 ，构成总体的各单位，除了同质性，一面，还必须有差异性的一
面，否则就不需要统计研究了，例如职工 总体中的每一个职工，在工
种，性别，年龄，文化程度上，都会有差异，这样才构成统计所需要
调查研究的内容。
Statistical collectivity and collectivity units,
according to certain purposes and requirements, the whole of
the objective things to be studied in statistics is called
statistical collectivity, abbreviated as statistical
collectivity, and each thing of the whole is called the general
unit, which is referred to as the individual. For example, in

order to understand the production and operation situation of
state-owned and industrial enterprises in a certain region, as
a whole, that is, the national state-owned and industrial
enterprises in that region, each state-owned industrial
enterprise is the overall unit, and the formation of the overall
statistics must have certain conditions. There are three main
conditions: the first objective, the overall and the overall
unit must be objective, can actually be observed and measured,
the second homogeneity, Zushan, the overall All topics of
interest must be of the same nature. For example, industrial
enterprises as a whole must be composed of grass-roots units
engaged in industrial production and operation. As to what
properties do individuals need to be identical in order to form
a statistical whole, In terms of the homogeneity of the
population, the purpose of determining and statistical
research, and the third difference, which constitutes the units
of the whole, in addition to homogeneity, one side must also
have a different side, otherwise there is no need for
statistical research. For example, every worker in the whole
staff and workers will have differences in the type of work,
sex, age, and education level, so as to form the content of the
investigation and research needed by the statistics.

统计总体和总体单 位是多种多样的，通常所说的总体都是，以客
观存在的实体为单位组成的，总体，如个人，企业，设备， 产品等为
单位组成，的总体，而在推断统计中，又成八所有，观察值的急冲定
义为总体，如扬州 某企业某日生产的一种电子元件的使用寿命，则该
企业当日生产的所有自动电子元件的使用寿命就构成总 体，每个电子
元件的使用寿命为总体单位，统计总体按总体单位是否有限分为两种，
有限总体和 无限总体，一个统计总体所包括的单位数，如果是有限的，
称为有限总体，例如一个国家的人口一定时期 内生产的产品等等，如
果是无线的称谓，无限总体，例如气象总体，科学试验，总体等等，
区分 有限总体和无限中，总体对统计调查研究方法是有影响的，例如
对有限总体可以进行全面调查，也可以调 查其中的一部分对象，而对
无限总体只能进行非全面调查，继续推算总体。统计总体与总体单位
不是固定不变的，总体与总体单位具有相对性，随着研究任务的改变
而改变，总体的范围，可大可小，单 位可多可少，这是根据研究的目
的和要求来确定，原来某个总体可能随着研究范围的扩大而变成一个总体单位，也有可能有原来的，一个主体单位，随着研究范围缩小而
变成研究总体。
Statistical aggregates and aggregate units are diverse, and
what is commonly referred to as a whole is a population
consisting of an objective entity, an aggregate, such as an
individual, an enterprise, a device, a product, etc., and in

extrapolating statistics, If the service life of an electronic
component produced by an enterprise in Yangzhou on a certain
day, the service life of all the automatic electronic
components produced by the enterprise on that day constitutes
the whole, The service life of each electronic component is an
overall unit, and the statistical aggregate is divided into two
categories according to whether or not the total unit is limited,
the finite population and the infinite population, and the The
number of units, if limited, is called a finite population, such
as products produced within a given period of time by a
country's population, etc., and if it is a wireless term, an
infinite population, such as meteorological population,
scientific experiments, population, etc., In distinguishing
between finite and infinite, collectivity has an impact on
statistical research methods. For example, a full survey of a
limited population can be carried out, or a portion of the
object may be investigated, while an incomplete survey of an
infinite population can only be carried out. Continue to
extrapolate the population. The statistical total and the total
unit are not fixed, the total and the total unit are relative,
with the change of the research task, the overall range Can be
large or small, units can be more or less. This is determined

according to the purpose and requirements of the research.
Originally, a certain population may become an overall unit
with the expansion of the scope of research, or there may be
an original, a main unit. As the scope of the study shrinks,
it becomes the whole of the study.