常见句子成分完整讲义总结复习
环保英文-硬分币价格表
英语语法复习一——句子成分
英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。
其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）
句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）
一、主语（名词结构的词可做主语）
1.名词
School is over.
Bread is made from flour.
2.代词
He
enjoys playing tennis.
She likes to watch TV
on Sundays.
+形容词
The rich envy the
happiness of the poor.
The beautiful lives
forever.
4. to+do不定式
To keep early hours
makes us healthy.
To see is to believe.
5. doing 动名词
Jogging is good for our
health.
Writing well requires much practice.
6. 名词短语
7. 主语从句
How to solve the
problem troubles me much.
That the earth is
round is known to everyone.
Why he resigned
is a mystery to me.
It(形式主语) is obvious that
he knows everything（主语从句）.
二、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）
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Be动词
You are my best friend.
You were right.
Ihave been there before.
系动词
The flowers smell sweet.
It
turned blue.
及物动词
Igave her a bread.
Ihave a dictionary.
不及物动词
The sun
rises.
Her mother left in a dark morning.
动词短语
He applied for a presitigious
university.
We must look into the matter
immediately.
The student deals with a very
difficult question.
助动词+ 动词
Ihave
finished my work.
Iwas helped by my teacher.
Idon’t know why it happened.
He will come
back tomorrow.
情态动词+ 动词
Imust learn
another language.
She has to consider his
opinion.
Iwould go to Mr. Smith for help.
三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语）
1.名词
He wrote a letter.
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I have a headache.
2.代词
He
helped me in the work.
Playing tennis made
him popular.
3. the+ 形容词
The rich should
help the poor.
The young should respect the
old.
4. to do 不定式
I want to go to the
concert.
He likes to listen to music.
5.
doing 动名词
I don’t mind getting wet.
I
enjoy watching a football game.
6. 名词短语
I
don’t know how to swim.
I decided what to
buy.
7. 宾语从句
I wonder when he will come.
Tell me why you came late.
I thought that
the bus had left.
I don’t know whether he
will come or not.
8. 直接宾语和
间接宾语
9.
同源宾语（许
多不及物动词可
接同源宾语）
They told me(间)the
news（直）.
He showed me（间）how to do it（直）.
She lives a happy life.
He slept a
peaceful sleep.
He dreamed a strange dream.
四、补语（宾语补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）
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1. 名词
They elected him
chairman.
The president made him captain.
2. 形容词
Her boyfriend makes her sad.
I
found the room empty.
We keep the baby warm.
3. 形容词短语
The girls made his table full of
flowers.
They believed it of no value.
The
teacher makes him conscious of his mistake.
4. 不定式
The soldiers do not allow anyone to
enter.
My sister asked me to go home.
He
helps me to get better grades.
5. 现在分词
I
watch the train leaving the station.
I hear
somebody laughing.
I caught them smoking in
school.
6. 过去分词
He found his money
stolen.
I had my hair cut.
He can’t make
himself understood.
7. 名词从句（补
语从句）
Education has made him what he is today.
He told his daughter what happened.
His
wife asked him which dress she should wear.
五、表语（放在系动词之后，对主语进行说明的成分就是表语）
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1. 名词
His name is Sam.
She is a
teacher.
2. 代词
The victim is her.
The doctor is him.
3. 形容词
Fast food
is popular.
She looks happy.
Leaves
turned red in fall.
4. 不定式
The best way
is to let him stay in his room.
Our plan is
to finish the work.
5. 动名词
His great
pleasure in life is traveling.
My hobby is
growing flowers.
My favorite sport is playing
tennis.
6. 现在分词(本
身的特征)
The dog is
frightening.
The city life is exciting.
The book is boring.
7. 过去分词（事
物所处状态）
Her parents were satisfied with her school
report.
The dog is frightened.
I feel
bored.
8. 介词短语
The patient is out of
danger.
She is in the room.
The house is
on fire.
9. 名词短语
10．表语从句
The question
is what to do now.
My opinion is that you
must go right away.
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This
is what he said.
That’s why I want to work
here.
句子修饰成分：定语、状语
六、定语：（主要用于修饰
主语和宾语的形容词结构，也可理解为修饰名词的形容词结构，
限定词，单个形容词，现在分词和过去分
词一般放在名词左边；形容词短语、不定式、现在
分词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句和同位
语从句一般放在名词右边）
1. 形容词
Adiligent student
will succeed.
Let me tell you something
interesting.
2. 单个分词
The wounded
passengers were carried to a hospital at once.
The sleeping baby must have a sweet dream.
3. 介词短语
Hotels around the beach area are
booked to capacity in summer.
The tree in
front of the house makes the house cool.
People in the world play basketball.
4.
不定式
The best way to communicate with a
foreigner is to make him laugh.
I have a big
family to support.
He is always the first to
come.
5. 现在分词短语
A man wearing a green
uniform delivers letters to our community.
They built a highway leading to the mountains.
We met a group of pupils returning from
school.
6. 过去分词短语
English is not the
language spoken in that area.
The speaker
answered all the questions raised by the audience.
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This is a book written by
a famous novelist.
7. 形容词短语
English is a
language easy to learn.
He gave me a basket
full of eggs.
These are the books available
in this library.
8. 定语从句
She took away
everything that belongs to her.
The man who
you met just now is my uncle.
I like
musicians who can play different kinds of music.
9. 同位语从句
The news that he is still alive
is really encouraging.
I don’t believe the
fact that he lied to his mother.
七、状语（用于修饰动词的副词或者相当于副词的结构）
1. 副词
They played happily near their house.
I
barely know you.
Basically, you can buy
everything you can think of in a supermarket.
2. 介词短语
She was trembling with fear.
I have to go to sleep after 10.
In short,
I have done my best.
3. 不定式短语
I must get
up early to catch the first train.
To get
better grades, we need to study hard.
4. 分词结构
Knowing the difficulties, he still sticks to
his goal.
Defeated by their enemies, they
withdrew into the valley.
Seen from the top,
the mountain is a sea of trees.
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5. 状语从句
Unless it rains tomorrow, I
will go swimming.
When she comes, I shall
tell her to wait for you.
If you don’t have a
good command of English grammar, you won’t
write good English.
He was punished
because he didn’t obey the regulations.
Although he has a lot of money, he is unhappy.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
Practice:
请指出下面文章的句子成分:
Americans today have
different eating habits. There is a wide selection
of food available.
They have a broader
knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh
fruit and vegetables
than ever before. At the
same time, american purchase increasing quantities
of sweets and
sodas.
Statistics show that
the way people live determines the way they eat.
American lifestyles
have changed. There are
now growing numbers of people who live alone.
These changing
lifestyles are responsible for
the increasing number of people who must rush
meals or
sometimes simply go without them.
Many Americans have less time than ever before to
spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence
of this limited time, over half of American
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houses now have microwave ovens.
Moreover, Americans eat out nealy four times a
week on
average.
It is easy to study the
amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The
United States
Department of Agriculture and
the food industry collect sales statistics and
keep accurate records.
This information not
only tells us what people are eating, but also
tells us about the changes in
attitudes and
tastes. Beef, which used to be the most popular
choice for dinner, is no longer an
American
favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have
become more popular. Sales of these
foods have
greatly increased in recent years.
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