约翰内斯堡-法制报告会心得体会

TEXT A Unit 2 The Freedom Givers
In 2004 a center in honor of the
was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trains. Yet it carried thousands of passengers to the
destination of their dreams.
2004年，一个纪念“地下铁路”的中心将在辛辛那提州成立。这条铁路不同寻常，
它不出售车票，也 无火车行驶。然而，它将成千上万的乘客送往他们梦想中的目的地。
The Freedom Givers
Fergus M. Bordewich
1 A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house.
Alongside me was a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when the
surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history. As we
walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke proudly of her great-great-grandfather,
Josiah Henson.
never gave up struggling for that freedom.
给人以自由者
弗格斯•M•博得威奇
我步出这幢两层小屋，加拿大平 原上轻风微拂。我身边是一位苗条的黑衣女子，把我
带回到过去的向导。那时，安大略省得雷斯顿这一带 住着美国历史上的一位英雄。我们前往
一座普普通通的灰色教堂，芭芭拉•卡特自豪地谈论着其高祖乔赛 亚•亨森。“他坚信上帝要
所有人生来平等。他从来没有停止过争取这一自由权利的奋斗。”
2 Carter's devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family
honor. For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped
inspire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Ironically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not. A racial sellout
unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought.
principle,
卡特对其先辈的忠诚不仅仅关乎一己之骄傲，而关乎家族荣誉。因为乔赛亚•亨森至
今仍为人所知是由于他所激发的创作灵感使得一个美国小说人物问世：汤姆叔叔，哈丽特•
比彻•斯陀 的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中那个逆来顺受的黑奴。具有讽刺意味的是，这一人
物所象征的一切在亨森身 上一点都找不到。一个不愿奋起力争、背叛种族的黑人？卡特对此
颇为愤慨。“乔赛亚•亨森是个有原则 的人，”她肯定地说。
3 I had traveled here to Henson's last home -- now a historic site that Carter formerly
directed -- to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African- American Moses. After
winning his own freedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to
escape north to Canada -- and liberty. Many settled here in Dresden with him.
我远道前来亨森最后的居所――如今已成为卡特曾管理过的一处历史遗迹――是为
了更多地了解此人，他在许多方面堪称黑人摩西。亨森自己摆脱了黑奴身份获得自由之后，
便秘密帮助其 他许多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大――逃奔自由之地。许多人和他一起在得雷斯顿
这一带定居了下来。
4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name
on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a
secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American
South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.
但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚•亨森只是一 长串无所畏惧的

男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃 亡线路和可靠的人
家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十 万名黑奴
经由此路走向自由。
5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $$16 million for the National Underground
Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is
scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground
Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling
their stories. 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”
自由中心，以此纪念美国 历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州
建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时 候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业
绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。
6 John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock. Peering out his door into the night, he
recognized the face of a trusted neighbor.
in Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,
go,
听到轻轻的敲门声，约翰•帕克神情紧张起来。他开门窥望 ，夜色中认出是一位可靠
的邻居。“有一群逃亡奴隶躲在肯塔基州的树林里，就在离河20英里的地方， ”那人用急迫
的口气低语道。帕克没一点儿迟疑。“我就去，”他说着，把两支手枪揣进口袋。

7 Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at
age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave
market. Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding. Eventually
he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom. Now, by day, Parker
worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley. By night he was a on the
Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters. In Kentucky, where he was now
headed, there was a $$1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.
20年前，即19世纪20年代， 生来即为黑奴的帕克才8岁就被从母亲身边带走，被
迫拖着镣铐从弗吉尼亚走到阿拉巴马，在那里的黑奴 市场被买走。他打定主意有朝一日要过
自由的生活，便设法学会了铸铁这门手艺。后来他终于靠这门手艺 攒够钱赎回了自由。现在，
帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家铸铁厂干活。到了晚上，他就成了地下铁 路的一位“乘
务员”，帮助人们避开追捕逃亡黑奴的人。在他正前往的肯塔基州，当局悬赏1000美元 抓他，
活人死尸都要。
8 Crossing the Ohio River on that chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.
your bundles and follow me,
river. They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread
the news.
在那个阴冷的夜晚，帕克渡过俄亥俄河，找到了十个丧魂 落魄的逃亡者。“拿好包裹
跟我走，”他一边吩咐他们，一边带着这八男二女朝河边走去。就要到岸时， 一个巡夜人发
现了他们，急忙跑开去报告。
9 Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it. There was
room for all but two. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as the pursuers
closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.
帕克看见一条小船，便大喝一声，把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船。大家都上了船，但有两
个人容不下。小船徐徐驶向对岸，帕克眼睁睁地看着追捕者把他被迫留下的两个男人围住。

10 The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to
take them to the next
safety in Canada. Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety.
其他的人都上了岸，帕克急忙安排了一辆车把他们带到地下铁路的下一“站”――他
们走向安全的加拿大 之旅的第一程。约翰•帕克在有生之年一共带领400多名黑奴走向安全
之地。
11 While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites
were commonly driven by religious convictions. Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina,
explained,
color.
黑人去当乘务员常常是由于本人 痛苦的经历，而那些白人则往往是受了宗教信仰的感
召。在北卡罗来纳州长大的贵格会教徒利瓦伊•科芬 解释说：“《圣经》上只是要我们给饥者
以食物，无衣者以衣衫，但没提到过肤色的事。”
12 In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport (now Fountain City), Indiana, where he
opened a store. Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home. At
times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to
convey them on the next leg of their journey. Eventually three principal routes converged at the
Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central Terminal of the Underground Railroad.
在19世纪20年代，科芬向西迁移前往印第安纳州的新港（即今 天的喷泉市），在那
里开了一家小店。人们传说，逃亡黑奴在科芬家总是能得到庇护。有时他一次庇护的 逃亡者
就多达17人，他还备有一组人员和车辆把他们送往下一段行程。到后来有三条主要路线在
科芬家汇合，科芬家成了地下铁路的中央车站。
13 For his efforts, Coffin received frequent death threats and warnings that his store and
home would be burned. Nearly every conductor faced similar risks -- or worse. In the North, a
magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping. In the
Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years in jail. One courageous
Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where
he kept a log of his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip.
科芬经常由于他做的工作受到被杀的威胁，收到焚毁他店铺和住宅的警告。几乎每一
个乘务员都面临类似 的危险――或者更为严重。在北方，治安官会对帮助逃亡的人课以罚金，
或判以短期监禁。在南方各州， 白人则被判处几个月甚至几年的监禁。一位勇敢的循道宗牧
师卡尔文•费尔班克在肯塔基州被关押了17 年多，他记录了自己遭受毒打的情况：总共被鞭
笞了35,105下。
14 As for the slaves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country,
where they were usually easy to recognize. With no road signs and few maps, they had to put
their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret signs -- nails driven into trees, for
example -- that conductors used to mark the route north.
至于那些黑奴，逃亡意味着数百英里的长途跋涉，意味着穿越自己极易被人辨认的陌
生地域。没有路标，也几乎没有线路图，他们赶路全凭着口口相告的路线以及秘密记号――
比如树上钉 着的钉子――是乘务员用来标示北上路线的记号。
15 Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white
powder. Quakers often dressed their
bonnets and full veils. On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that
he disguised them as a funeral procession.

许多黑奴在夜色掩护下 赶路，有时脸上涂着厚厚的白粉。贵格会教徒经常让他们的“乘
客”不分男女穿上灰衣服，戴上深沿帽， 披着把头部完全遮盖住的面纱。有一次，利瓦伊•
科芬运送的逃亡黑奴实在太多，他就把他们装扮成出殡 队伍。
16 Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives. Slavery had been abolished there
in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the runaways to settle their vast virgin land.
Among them was Josiah Henson.
加拿大是许多逃亡者的首选终点站。那儿1833年就废除了奴隶制，加拿大当局鼓励逃亡奴隶在其广阔的未经开垦的土地上定居。其中就有乔赛亚•亨森。
17 As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers,
and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her. Making the best of
his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner's regard.
还是孩子的亨森在马里兰州目睹着全家人被卖给不同 的主人，看到母亲为了想把自己
留在她身边而遭受毒打。亨森非常认命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。
18 Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children
to a brother in Kentucky. After laboring there for several years, Henson heard alarming news: the
new master was planning to sell him for plantation work far away in the Deep South. The slave
would be separated forever from his family.
经济困顿最终迫使亨森的主人将他及其妻儿送到主人在肯塔基州的一个 兄弟处。在那
儿干了几年苦工之后，亨森听说了一个可怕的消息：新主人准备把他卖到遥远的南方腹地去
农庄干活。这名奴隶将与自己的家人永远分离。
19 There was only one answer: flight.
the star of Bethlehem, it announced where my salvation lay.
只有一条路可走：逃亡。“我会认北斗星，”许多年后亨森写道。“就像圣地伯利恒的救星一样，它告诉我在哪里可以获救。”
20 At huge risk, Henson and his wife set off with their four children. Two weeks later, starving
and exhausted, the family reached Cincinnati, where they made contact with members of the
Underground Railroad.
on our way by wagon.
亨森和妻子冒着极大的风险带着四个孩子上路了。两个星期之后，饥饿疲惫的一家人
来到了辛辛那提州，在那儿，他们与地下铁路的成员取得了联系。“他们为我们提供了食宿，
非常关心 ，接着又用车送了我们30英里。”
21 The Hensons continued north, arriving at last in Buffalo, N. Y. There a friendly captain
pointed across the Niagara River.
gave Henson a dollar and arranged for a boat, which carried the slave and his family across the
river to Canada.
亨森一家继续往 北走，最后来到纽约州的布法罗。在那儿，一位友善的船长指着尼亚
加拉河对岸。“‘看见那些树没有？ ’他说，‘它们生长在自由的土地上。’”他给了亨森一美
元钱，安排了一条小船，小船载着这位黑奴及 其家人过河来到加拿大。
22
several who were present, I passed for a madman. 'He's some crazy fellow,' said a Colonel
Warren.
“我扑倒 在地，在沙土里打滚，手舞足蹈，最后，在场的那几个人都认定我是疯子。
‘他是个疯子，’有个沃伦上 校说。”
23

“‘不，不是的！知道吗？我自由了！’”
TEXT B
Jesse Jackson, a well-known leader of black Americans, reviews the progress they have
made in recent years. Despite this, he argues, there is still much left to be done before they enjoy
full equality.
著名美国黑人领袖杰西•杰克逊回顾了近几年来民权运动所取得的 成就。成绩固然不
少，但他指出，要享受完全的平等权利，仍有许多工作要做。
The Dream, the Stars and Dr. King
Jesse Jackson

1 Last week in Memphis, we commemorated the death of Dr. Martin Luther King. He was
struck down 27 years ago -- not a dreamer, but a man of action. We have come a long way since
then, in part as a fruit of his labors.
梦想、星辰与金博士
杰西•杰克逊
上个星期在 孟菲斯，我们纪念马丁•路德•金博士逝世。27年前他被击倒了――不是
作为一个梦想家，而是作为一 个实干家。从那以后，我们取得了巨大进展，其中一部分是他
努力的结果。

2 In less than 30 years, as schools opened and ceilings lifted, a large African American
middle class has been created. High school graduation rates, even intelligence test results, grow
closer between whites and blacks with each passing year.
在不到30年的时间内，由于兴办学校、种种 限制被取消，一个为数众多的非洲裔美
国中产阶级得以形成。白人与黑人的高中毕业率，甚至智力测试成 绩，也都一年比一年更接
近。

3 The civil- rights movement that Dr. King led also helped women gain greater opportunity.
The same laws that guarantee equal opportunity for African Americans apply to women, to other
minorities, to the disabled. (1) Our society benefits as fewer of its people have their genius
suppressed or their talents wasted.
金博士领导的民权运动也帮助妇女获 得更多的机会。保障非洲裔美国人平等机会的
法律同样适用于妇女、其他少数民族以及残疾人。如今天才 遭受压抑、才华被浪费的人数减
少了，我们的社会因此而受益。

4 We have come a long way -- but we have far to go. Commission after commission, report
after report, show that systematic discrimination still stains our country.
我们取得了巨大进展――但我们还有大量的 工作要做。一个个委员会的调查，一份份
的报告都表明，蓄意的歧视依然玷污我们的国家。

5 African Americans have more difficulty obtaining business loans, buying homes, getting
hired. Schools and housing patterns are still largely separate and unequal. Women still face glass
ceilings in corporate offices. Ninety- seven percent of the corporate CEOs of the Fortune 500 are
white men. That does not result from talent being concentrated among males with pale skin.
非洲裔美国人在商业贷款、购房、就业方面遇到更多的困难。学校与居住格局 在很大程度上

仍黑白分隔，无平等可言。妇女在企业管理阶层的发展仍面临着无形的限制 。财富杂志500
强企业名录中97％的首席执行官是男性白人。这并不是白肤色男士具有才能优势的结 果。

6 (2)Today, Dr. King's legacy -- the commitment to take affirmative actions to open doors and
opportunity -- is under political assault. Dr. King worked against terrible odds in a hopeful time.
America was experiencing two decades of remarkable economic growth and prosperity. It was
assumed, as the Kerner Commission made clear, that the
reduce poverty and open opportunity relatively painlessly. But the war on poverty was never
fought; instead, the dividend and the growth were squandered in the jungles of Vietnam.
今天，金博士的遗产――采取积极行动打 开大门、提供机会的承诺――正受到政治
上的攻击。金博士在一个充满希望的时代冲破重重困难奋力斗争 。美国当时正经历着持续
20年的令人惊叹的经济增长与繁荣。正如克纳调查委员会所清楚表明的那样， 当时人们认
为，“增长红利”会使我们相对来说较为容易地减少贫困、创造机会。但从来不曾发起过消< br>除贫困的战争，相反，那些红利、那些经济增长，都被耗在了越南的丛林之中。
7 Three decades later, the country is more prosperous but the times are less hopeful. Real
wages for working people have been declining for 20 years. People are scared for good reason, as
layoffs rise to record levels even in the midst of a recovery.
30年之后，国家更加繁荣昌盛，但时 势不再那么充满希望。劳动者的实际工资连续
20年一路下跌。人们有充分的理由感到恐惧，因为即使在 经济复苏之时，下岗人数仍达到
创纪录的高度。
8 In this context, prejudice flourishes, feeding on old hates, keeping alive old fears. What else
could explain the remarkably dishonest assault on affirmative-action programs that seek to
remedy stubborn patterns of discrimination?
在这种情形之下，政治上掠夺成性者利用宿怨和往昔的恐惧变得越发猖獗。不然如何
解释对积极行动计划如此颠倒是非的攻击呢？该计划旨在疗治歧视这一痼疾。
9 House Speaker Newt Gingrich, a history professor, sets the tone by simply erasing history.
The Washington Post reported:
affirmative action, commonly African Americans, have been subjected to discrimination over a
period of centuries. That is true of virtually every American, Gingrich said, noting that the Irish
were discriminated against by the English, for example.
众议院 议长纽特•金里奇，一位历史教授，以完全抹杀历史的方式定下了基调。《华盛
顿邮报》报道说：“对于 受益于积极行动计划的人――通常是非洲裔美国人――几个世纪以
来遭受歧视的论点，金里奇拒不接受。 金里奇说，几乎每一个美国人都曾受到歧视。他举例
说，爱尔兰人曾受到英国人的歧视。”
10 As Roger Wilkins writes in a thoughtful essay in the Nation magazine, this is
breathtakingly dishonest for a history professor. Blacks have been on the North American
continent for nearly 375 years. For 245 of those, the country practiced slavery. For another 100 or
so, segregation was enforced throughout the South and much of the North, often policed by
home-grown terrorists. We've had only 30 years of something else, largely the legacy of the
struggle led by Dr. King.
正如罗杰•威尔金斯 在《国家》杂志上发表的一篇颇具思想深度的文章中所写的那样，
对一位历史教授而言，这是骇人听闻的 欺骗。黑人来到北美大陆将近375年了。其中的245
年中，美国实行奴隶制。在另外大约100年间 ，南方各州及北方大部分地区实行种族隔离，
通常由地方恐怖分子监督实施。我们只有30年免受奴役、 隔离的历史，而这在很大程度上

是金博士所领导的斗争的产物。

11 The media plays up the African Americans supposedly suffer about affirmative
action. I can tell you this. Dr. King felt no guilt when special laws gave us the right to vote. He felt
no guilt about laws requiring that African Americans have the opportunity to go to schools, to
enter universities, to compete for jobs and contracts. This supposed guilt is at best a luxurious
anxiety of those who now have the opportunity to succeed or fail.
媒体渲染了所谓 非洲裔美国人对于积极行动心怀“愧疚”的说法。我可以告诉你。当
特别法令赋予我们投票权时，金博士 没有丝毫愧疚。对于那些规定非洲裔美国人有上学、读
大学、参与就业竞争与赢得合同竞争的平等机会的 法律，金博士没有丝毫愧疚。这种臆想的
愧疚充其量是那些业已获得成功或失败的机会的人过分装模作样 的忧虑罢了。
12 If Dr. King were alive today, he would be 66, younger than Senator Bob Dole who suggests
that discrimination ended we were Dole, Dr. King would be working to
bring people together, not drive them apart.
如果金博士仍在人世，他今年66岁，比声称“早在我们出生之前”歧视就不再存在
的参议员鲍伯•多尔 更年轻。不同于多尔的是，金博士会致力于团结人民，而不是分裂人民。
13 (3) Modern-day conservatives haven't a clue about what to do with an economy that is
generating greater inequality and reducing the security and living standards of more and more
Americans. So they seek to distract and divide.
今天 的经济正造成更大的不平等，并使越来越多的美国人安全感减少、生活水准降低；
对于如何应对目前的这 种经济形势，当今的保守分子一无所知。于是他们试图分散人们的注
意力，分裂人民。
14 As Dole reaffirmed his abandonment of affirmative action, fellow Republican Senator Phil
Gramm of Texas called for more cuts from the poor.
正当多尔重申摒弃积极行动计划时，得克萨斯州同样属于共和党的参议员菲尔•格拉
姆呼吁进一步削减对 穷人的帮助。
15 As we head into this troubling time, we would do well to remember Dr. King's legacy. No
matter how desperate things were, no matter how grave the crisis, no matter how many times
his dreams were shattered, Dr. King refused to grow bitter. (4) Men and women, he taught,
the capacity to do right as well as wrong, and [our] history is a path upward, not downward. It's
only when it is truly dark that you can see the stars.
我们正进入这样一个多难的时期，此 时此刻我们最好记取金博士的遗训。无论情况
多么糟糕，无论危机多么严重，无论梦想多少次破碎，金博 士都决不会怨恨失望。他教导说，
人， 无论是男是女，“既有能力做好事，也有能力做坏事，而我们的历史的道路是向上走的，
不是向下走的。 只有在天空漆黑的时候，你才能望见星星。”