2020届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题阅读理解C篇精讲(适合老师备课和学生自学)
体育课总结-监察部
2020届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题阅读理解C精讲
（原创精讲讲义）
Section B
Directions: Read the following
three passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions or
unfinished statements.
For each of them. There are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. choose the
one that fits best
according to the Information given in the passage
you have just read.
(C)
①Risk is
something we face daily. However, some people are
obviously more willing to take
risks than
others.
我们每天都要面对风险。然而，有些人明显比其他人更愿意冒险。
②Biologists appear to have discovered a
physical reason that explains why some people are
risk-takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a
chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells.
It
is linked to the brains reward system and
is the chemical that makes us feel good, and
scientists
believe it to be linked to risk-
taking. Our nerve cells have dopamine
receptors(接收器) which
control the amount of
dopamine that each cell receives. But not all
receptors may be active. When
a person has few
active receptors to control the amount of dopamine
that is received, a cell can
become flooded
resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.
生物学家似乎发现了一个物理原因，可以解释为什么有些人是冒险家。多巴胺是一种神
经递质，是一种在
神经细胞间传递信号的化学物质。它与大脑的奖励系统有关，是一种让我
们感觉良好的化学物质，科学家
认为它与冒险有关。我们的神经细胞有多巴胺受体，它控制
着每个细胞接收到的多巴胺的数量。但并不是
所有的受体都是活跃的。当一个人没有多少活
跃的受体来控制接收的多巴胺量时，一个细胞就会被淹没，
产生一种极端的幸福感。
③Researchers at Vanderbilt
University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine
asked 34 men
and women to complete a
questionnaire about their risk taking to assess
whether they seek new
opportunities or are
cautious in life. The results of the research were
consistent with similar studies
carried out
with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded
that people who are risk-takers have
fewer
dopamine receptors than people who are not. This
suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk
taker receives when a cell becomes flooded
with dopamine can become addictive for some
people.
They therefore pursue new and exciting
activities in order to try to repeat this feeling,
and as a result
their concern for risk becomes
considerably reduced.
1
范德比尔特大
学和爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员让34名男性和女性填写了一份关于他们
冒险程度的问卷，以评估他们是
在寻找新机会还是在生活中比较谨慎。本研究的结果与在大
鼠身上进行的类似研究结果一致，且具有相同
的结果。它的结论是，敢于冒险的人比不愿意
冒险的人拥有更少的多巴胺受体。这表明，当细胞中充满多
巴胺时，冒险者所获得的快感会
让一些人上瘾。
因此，他们追求新的和令人兴奋的活动，以试图重复这种感觉，结果，他
们对风险的关注大大减少。
63. If a person has fewer active dopamine
receptors, __________.
A.
he is less likely to feel happy
B. he is more
willing to take risks
C. he will eventually
become dopamine-addictive
D. he is poorer at
controlling the amount of dopamine
讲，正确答案B，he
is more willing to take risks他更愿意冒险
对应原文的句子：When a person has few active receptors
to control the amount of dopamine that
is
received, a cell can become flooded resulting in
an extreme feeling of happiness.
当一个人没有
多少活跃的受体来控制接收的多巴胺量时，一个细胞就会被淹没，产生一种极端的幸福感。
It concluded that people who are risk-takers
have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are
not. 它的结论是，敢于冒险的人比不愿意冒险的人拥有更少的多巴胺受体。
分析：从题
干出发的话，会发现第二段中的最后一句，还是第三段的中间一句，都提到过题
干的内容。其中第三段中
的people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine
receptor和B选项
是贴近的。如果你注意第一段中的However, some
people are obviously more willing to take
risks than others. 然而，有些人明显比其他人更愿意冒险。也就明白。和B选项
更贴近，因
为本文的结构是先说出有人有更愿意冒险，然后从两个方面分析原因。第二段和第三段合在<
br>一起就是第一个生物学方面的原因。
错误选项A，he is less likely to
feel happy他不太可能感到快乐
对应原文的句子:同上第二段的最后一句。
分析，选项A的less likely to feel happy和原文中的resulting
in an extreme feeling of happiness
是相反的。
错误选项C，he will eventually become dopamine-
addictive他最终会对多巴胺上瘾。
对应原文的句子：This suggests
that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives
when a cell becomes
flooded with dopamine can
become addictive for some people.
这表明，当细胞中充满多巴胺时，
冒险者所获得的快感会让一些人上瘾。
分析：选项C的内容说人会对多巴胺上瘾，而原文是当细胞充满多巴胺时，获得的快感让人
2
上瘾。可见让人上瘾的是快感。这是第一点。第二点，就是多巴胺不是人所能
决定的，它是
一种神经递质。不是像烟草一样，你想吸多少就吸多少的。
错误选项C，he
is poorer at controlling the amount of
dopamine他在控制多巴胺的数量方面比
较差。
对应原文的句子When a
person has few active receptors to control the
amount of dopamine that
is received, a cell
can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling
of happiness.
当一个人没有
多少活跃的受体来控制接收的多巴胺量时，一个细胞就会被淹没，产生一种极端的幸福感。
分析：选项C，错在is poorer
at这个用词，正如刚才所说的，多巴胺不是人力所能控制的。
它是一个人身体中的一种神经递质。
64. The underlined phrase “consistent with”
is closest to “__________” in meaning.
A.
contrary to B. in agreement with C. at the cost
of D. persistent in
讲：正确的答案B，in agreement
with同意；与…一致
对应原文的句子：The results of the
research were consistent with similar studies
carried out with
rats, and had the same
outcome. 本研究的结果与在大鼠身上进行的类似研究结果一致，且具
有相同的结果。
分析：作为考查单词或短语的题，答案通常在所在句中其他部分或上下句中的意思来判断出
意思。本题
在consistent with所在句中的similar和and 并列句后面的had the
same outcome
就能得出选项in agreement
with与他们意思相近。所以答案是B。
④Dopamine gives us a
biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists
believe there may be
psychological reasons
too. Sensation-seeking is a personality
characteristic that describes the desire
to
find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964,
psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the
sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item
questionnaire, still used today, was given to
people who were
active in seeking new
activities, and to people who were more satisfied
with a quiet life. While risk-
taking is not a
characteristic in itself, it is very much
associated with sensation-seeking, as a high
sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the
same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A
desire
to achieve pleasure means that there is
a greater willingness to take more risks.
多巴胺为
我们的冒险行为提供了生物学上的理由，但科学家认为，这可能也有心理上的
原因。感觉寻求是一种个性
特征，描述了寻找给我们带来快乐的活动的欲望。1964年，心理
学家马文·扎克曼创造了感觉寻求量
表。他的问卷有40个项目，至今仍在使用，调查对象包
括那些积极寻找新活动的人，以及那些对平静生
活更满意的人。虽然冒险本身并不是一种特
征，但它与寻求刺激有很大的关系，因为寻求刺激程度高的人
对风险的评估与寻求刺激程度
3
低的人不同。获得快乐的欲望意味着更愿意承担更多的风险。
65.
What can be concluded from paragraph 4?
A. The longing for pleasure may lead
to risk taking.
B. A willingness to take more
risks can be cultivated.
C. The sensation-
seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.
D.
High sensation-seekers are more common than low
ones.
讲：正确答案A， The longing for pleasure may
lead to risk taking. 对快乐的渴望可能会导致
冒险。
对应原文的句子：A desire to achieve pleasure means
that there is a greater willingness to take
more risks. 获得快乐的欲望意味着更愿意承担更多的风险。
分析：选项A与原文的这一句意思是一致的。
错误选项B，A willingness
to take more risks can be cultivated.
承担更多风险的意愿是可以培
养的。
对应原文的句子同上。
分析：是对原文句子的错误理解，错在be cultivated上面。原文中没有。
错误选项C，The sensation-seeking scale can help to
evaluate risk. 感觉寻求量表可以帮助评估
风险。
对应原文的句子：In
1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the
sensation-seeking scale.
His 40-item
questionnaire, still used today, was given to
people who were active in seeking new
activities, and to people who were more
satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is
not a
characteristic in itself, it is very
much associated with sensation-seeking, as a high
sensation-seeker
does not evaluate risk in the
same way that a low sensation-seeker does. 1964年，心
理学家马
文·扎克曼创造了感觉寻求量表。他的问卷有40个项目，至今仍在使用，调查对象包括那些<
br>积极寻找新活动的人，以及那些对平静生活更满意的人。虽然冒险本身并不是一种特征，但
它与寻
求刺激有很大的关系，因为寻求刺激程度高的人对风险的评估与寻求刺激程度低的人
不同。
分
析：从原文中第一次提到感觉寻求量表，没有发现可以有助于评估风险的说法。感觉寻求
量表用来调查积
极寻找新活动活动的人和喜欢平静的人。最后说到风险评估指的是寻求刺激
程度高的人的评估。不是感觉
寻求量表的评估。
错误选项D，High sensation-seekers are more
common than low ones.
寻求刺激程度高的人的
人比寻求刺激程度低的人更常见。
4
对应原文的句子：as a high sensation-seeker does
not evaluate risk in the same way that a low
sensation-seeker does.
因为寻求刺激程度高的人对风险的评估与寻求刺激程度低的人不同。
分析：选项D的内容与原文中的内
容不同，原文中是说这两种人对风险评估不同，并不是
比较这两种人哪一种多，哪了一种少。
⑤There are both biological and psychological
explanations as to why some people may choose
to take more risks than others. However, none
of these explanations are definitive.
对于为什么有些
人会选择比其他人冒更大的风险，有生物学和心理学两种解释。然而，
这些解释没有一个是确定的。
66. This passage mainly talks about
__________.
A. when we learn to take
risks
C. what makes risk-takers
B. how risk-
taking benefits us
D. why we should take risks
讲：正确答案C，what makes risk-takers 是什么让冒险者
从文章开始第一段，说出some people are obviously more
willing to take risks than
others.后，
就开始从两个方面。一个生物学方面，一个心理学方面来分析这一现象的原因。
错误选项A， when we learn to take risks什么时候我们学会冒险
错误选项B，how risk-taking benefits us冒险对我们有什么好处
错误选项D，why we should take risks为什么我们应该要冒险
分
析：A和B选项比较明显是错误的，有的同学会选D，原因是有看到了Why,但是当你看
完成这句的意
思，就会发现错在should应该上面。
Keys: 63-66
【学生版】
BBAC
2020届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题阅读理解C篇
Section B
Directions: Read the following
three passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions or
unfinished statements.
For each of them. There are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. choose the
one that fits best
according to the Information given in the passage
you have just read.
(C)
①Risk is
something we face daily. However, some people are
obviously more willing to take
risks than
others.
5
②Biologists appear
to have discovered a physical reason that explains
why some people are
risk-takers. Dopamine is a
neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals
between nerve cells. It
is linked to the
brains reward system and is the chemical that
makes us feel good, and scientists
believe it
to be linked to risk-taking. Our nerve cells have
dopamine receptors(接收器) which
control the
amount of dopamine that each cell receives. But
not all receptors may be active. When
a person
has few active receptors to control the amount of
dopamine that is received, a cell can
become
flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of
happiness.
③Researchers at Vanderbilt
University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine
asked 34 men
and women to complete a
questionnaire about their risk taking to assess
whether they seek new
opportunities or are
cautious in life. The results of the research were
consistent with similar studies
carried out
with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded
that people who are risk-takers have
fewer
dopamine receptors than people who are not. This
suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk
taker receives when a cell becomes flooded
with dopamine can become addictive for some
people.
They therefore pursue new and exciting
activities in order to try to repeat this feeling,
and as a result
their concern for risk becomes
considerably reduced.
④Dopamine gives us a
biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists
believe there may be
psychological reasons
too. Sensation-seeking is a personality
characteristic that describes the desire
to
find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964,
psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the
sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item
questionnaire, still used today, was given to
people who were
active in seeking new
activities, and to people who were more satisfied
with a quiet life. While risk-
taking is not a
characteristic in itself, it is very much
associated with sensation-seeking, as a high
sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the
same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A
desire
to achieve pleasure means that there is
a greater willingness to take more risks.
⑤There are both biological and psychological
explanations as to why some people may choose
to take more risks than others. However, none
of these explanations are definitive.
63.
If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors,
__________.
A. he is less
likely to feel happy
B. he is more willing to
take risks
C. he will eventually become
dopamine-addictive
D. he is poorer at
controlling the amount of dopamine
6
64. The underlined phrase “consistent
with” is closest to “__________” in meaning.
A. contrary to B. in agreement with C. at the
cost of D. persistent in
65. What can be
concluded from paragraph 4?
A. The longing
for pleasure may lead to risk taking.
B. A
willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.
C. The sensation-seeking scale can help to
evaluate risk.
D. High sensation-seekers are
more common than low ones.
66. This passage
mainly talks about __________.
A. when we
learn to take risks B. how risk-taking
benefits us
C. what makes risk-takers D.
why we should take risks
7