定语从句和长难句分析
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从句和长难句分析
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高考英语试题中定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解
2008-12-15 22:24:06
来源:网络 作者:佚名 【大 中 小】 点击：126 次 评论：次
1. The
factory was built in a secret place, around
_________ high mountains.
A. which was B. it
was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains
是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，
而在该从句中，主语是 high
mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数
was。
请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we
visited a modern hospital, around _________ some
fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which
are D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an
old building, beside _________ the city police
station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D.
them are
(3) Next month we’ll move to a new
building, next to _________ a nice restaurants
where we can have
Chinese food.
A. which
are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man
with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is
there a hospital around _________ I can get
some medicine for my wounded hand”
A.
that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为
around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词
around 的
宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分
析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，
我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤这样的语境显然有点不合
情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院
附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的
around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where
引导定语
从句用以修饰其前的地点名词
hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤
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3. David is such a
good boy _________ all the teachers like.
A.
that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的
that，便认为这是考查such …
that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that …
(如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从
句，并且 that
在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like
缺宾语。选C的理
由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时
as 在定语从句中用作动词 like
的
宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的
that 视为引导
定语从句的关系代词呢不能，因为当先行词受到 such
的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as
来引导，而不
用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _________ all the
teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D.
whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a
good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A.
like B. that C. which D. as 4. The buses, most of
_________ were already full, were surrounded by
an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D.
which
【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full
为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以
下各题也选D：
(1)
His house, for _________ he paid $$10, 000, is now
worth $$50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D.
which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _________
we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
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(3) This I did at nine
o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
类似地，以下各题选
whom，不选 them：
(4) George, with _________ I
played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted
person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad,
will come back home this summer.
A. that B.
who C. them D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-
pickers, several of _________ were still
university students.
A. that B. who C. them
D. whom
5. He had a lot of friends, only a
few of _________ invited to his wedding.
A.
whom B. them C. which D. who
陷阱】容易误选
A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词
invited 并不是一
个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited
前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答
案便应选A。比较：
(1)
They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,
none of _________ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work
是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词
(2) They put
forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of
_________ were carried out in their work.
A.
which B. them C. what D. that
答案选A，none of
them were carried out in their work
是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个
助动词were。
(3) They
put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but
none of _________ were carried out in their work.
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A. which B. them
C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
6.
On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in
the park, _________ parents seated together
joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated
together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是
一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词
seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat
作动词用时，是及物动
词。比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there
were a lot of children playing in the park,
_________ parents were seated together
joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were seated together joking
为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。
(2) On
Sundays there were a lot of children playing in
the park, and _________ parents were seated
together
joking.
A. their B. whose C.
which D. that
选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children
playing in the park, _________ parents sitting
together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which
D. that
选A。their parents sitting together
joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a
lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents sat together joking.
A. their B.
whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents sat
together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。
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(5) On Sundays there
were a lot of children playing in the park,
_________ parents were sitting together
joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D.
that
选B。whose parents were sitting together
joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。
7.
If the man is only interested in your looks,
_________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that
在此代表前文所述的
情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选
which：
(1) If you promise to go with us,
_________ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and
it D. that
(2) If you want a double room,
_________ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B.
which C. what D. that
(3) Whether you go or
not, _________ is quite all right with me.
A.
that B. which C. and it D. so
(4) When I say
two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. That
1.“How can
we go outing in this kind of weather ”Bob said,
having looked out of the window.
“这种天气我们怎么能出去郊游”Bob说时已经看着窗外。
Having looked
是现在分词完成式当谓语动词与主语是主动关系且动作发生在谓语动词之前时 用现在分词
found that a physically fit population of a
billion people would give off 1000 million tons
less
transportation-relaxed wastes a year than
an overweight population would give off.
他们研究发现，每十亿个身体健康的人所产生的传输废物比超重的人要少十亿顿。
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heavier our
bodies become , the harder and more unpleasant it
is to move about in them , and the
more
dependent we become on our cars .
我们的身体变得越重，身体内部就越难变动，变得越加难受，这样我们就变动越加依赖汽车了。
way to make sure you know the speech is
to practice giving it many times before your
actual
presentation .
一种方法就是在真正演讲之前多做练习。
. Fang will come to the party on Friday,
which he promised to every one of us .
本句式用which 引导一个非限定性定语从句。
Which指代前面一整句的内容。在从句中promised的宾语.
17-year-old VS World record, steered his haltered
sailboat into a southern .California harbor on
Thursday the youngest person 40 sail around
the world alone.
it was the over
popularity of the smiley face that caused Harry
Ball to become concerned that the
meaning of
the smiley face was being used wrongly.
很奇怪，真是由于那种笑脸受到的过度欢迎使Harry Ball
担忧笑脸的意义正在错误的被大家使用。
解析：over popularity
过度受欢迎的 concerned 关心，挂念 此句的谓语动词为
caused
it is was ….That…强调句型（不能强调谓语动词）
study
found keeping the mind busy with tasks, no matter
how meaningless they may be , keeps negative
emotions away .
研究发现，使自己的思想一直忙于做一些事情，哪怕是一些毫无意义的事情，都能驱走的消极情绪。
解析：研究发现任务使头脑保持繁忙就算它们没有意义也能使硝基漆的情绪离
开
keep ….away … 使…离开… meaningless 没有意义
negative
emotions 消极的情绪 mind 大脑，理智 found
为此句的谓语动词， no matter how 引导让步状语从
句
9.
After they had completed the first they were made
to wait for 15 minutes to receive the next one .
当他们完成第一次后，他们将被等待15分钟去接收下一次（任务）.
Wait for
等待 receive接受，接收 sb were made to (被动语态)
某人被迫做某事 主动语
态 make sb do .
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10. They were
given a choice of handing in the first survey
either nearby or at a more distant place
they
had to walk to.
他们上交第一次调查必须进行一个选择，要么到近的地方要么到更远的地方.
Give a choice 进行选择 either….Or….. 要么…要么….
Place 前省略了 that .
也可将that 用which 代替
原句也可改成 …… a more distant place to which they had
to walk .
11. Some are like a shooting
tar, disappearing from us quickly but giving off
so much light that
they can guide us to the
correct direction.
12. there are several
tips to use to over come the fear of making a
mistake or looking foolish
when you speak to a
group
when 引导定语从句 因为you speak to
a group 在句中作状语
13. Harry Ball , an
artist , was the man that created the smiley pace-
the most recognized Symbol
（象征）of good will
and cheer on the planet, in 1963,strangely .it was
the over popularity of the smiley
face that
caused Harry Ball to become concerned that the
meaning of the smiley face was being used
wrongly .
分析：recognized：辨认出 will 愿望
cheer 欢呼 popularity 受欢迎 concerned 担
忧
it that was ..that… 强调句型
14. the world
smile foundation’s slogan is “improving this world
,one smile at a time .
15. no matter how
meaningless they may be ,keeps negative emotions
away . no matter how 让
步状语从句
16.“Governments may increase the happiness of
idle citizens by having them build bridges that
are
actually useless”.
17.
after many years of studying and then listening to
feedback from people who have read and used
the information in his books. George
discovered that there are three basic things
people need in order
to make eating healthy
foods their regular way of eating.
18.
When I need a friend, you are there right by my
side, I wish we could stay forever as one.
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is more important is
that bikes are available to every one of us. Which
makes it easily to organize
the outing
此句含有非限定性定语从句的主从复合句，在which引导的定语从句中 it 作为形式宾语代替动词不定式
to
organize the outing
, I realize the
importance of English , so I got up early every
morning , recited English words listened
to
English tapes and did a lot of exercise
后来，我认识到英语的重要性，所以每天起床很早 听英语磁带 并
且做了很多练习
23 Tom can work wonders on computer.
翻译：汤姆在计算机方面可以创造奇迹。
难点是对work一词的理解。这里，work
是及物动词，意思是“产生、造成” ，所以 work wonders 就是“创
造奇迹 ”。
24 I think it’s best to teach in a
bigger city where there are other foreigners to
mix with，rather
than a small town where
English teachers often complain of feeling like a
gold fish in a bowl.
结构分析：
1）主句：I think
... 我认为...
2）宾语从句：it's best to teach in a
bigger city ...，rather than a small town
...（主语是不定式，
it 是形式主语）
最好在...大点儿的而不是小城市教书，
3) 嵌套定语从句：
* where there are other
foreigners to mix with，
有其他外国人结交的（大城市）
*
Where English teachers often complain of feeling
like a gold fish in a bowl.
外国教师抱怨感到
像囚在笼子里的一样（小城市）。
难点：
1）to
mix with：介词 with 的逻辑宾语是 other foreigners，引申意思是“结交”
2）rather than：宁可...也不愿, 与其...倒不如, 而不是
（好像上次给你说过）
3）like a gold fish in a bowl.
修辞格，比喻地方窄小，像养在鱼缸里的金鱼一样活动不开。
25 The
star salary if fine to live on，but whether you can
save money depends on how much going
out and
traveling you do here.
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翻译：那些走运的薪金如果足以赖以生存，然而是否攒钱的需要根据花出去多少、有多少
让你移居此处供职而
定。
注释：1）star 交好运
2）if
fine：条件从句的省略：if it is fine （优等的，足以）
3）depend
on：依靠, 依赖
4）how much going out：把多少钱花出去 （how
much 是动名词短语的逻辑主语）
5）（how much）traveling you do
here
（多少钱）让你迁居到这里做事。（结构同上，travel是及物动词，
意思是“使...移动”）
6）live on 赖以生存
26 ….background
notes included 基本情况评论包括在内 （片语，只能这样翻译）
注释：background notes included
是独立主格结构，即：逻辑主语background notes + 过去分词 included ）
27 the result you build fluency month
in and month out
只看出其中有定语从句 you
build，但是整个句子缺少主要动词，无法分析。
* month in and month
out 年年岁岁，年复一年，日复一日，月来月去
28 we
guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it’s
not for you
结构：主句 + 宾语从句（嵌套条件状语从句）
翻译：我们保证如果不是为你而如何的你什么也不会失去。（缺乏语境，不知道 it 指代什么。）
29. the enthusiasm comes through in
every edition
翻译：热心（热情, 狂热, 积极性）都在每个版本中有所流露。
* come through; 经历, 脱险, 传出, 捐助, 成功
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