英语国家社会与文化入门练习
湖南信息职业学院-大学生消费调查报告
英语国家社会与文化入门练习
Book1
Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）
Anglo-
Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth
century.
Arthur was legendary hero
supposed to have fought against the
Saxons.
Romans invaded Britain in 43,
and the only area they did not subdue
therein
was Scotland.
most important part of the
UK in wealth is England.
were
ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained
much of the
marshlands and built houses. But
they didn't speak Anglo Sanxon English.
They
have their own language.
real Roman
conquest of Britain began in 43AD.
English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.
was the national hero during the fighting
against Danes.
h Channel separate
Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.
m was crowned King of England on the Christmas
Day of 1066.
population of the UK consist
of the English, the Welsh, the
Scottish and
the Irish.
m, Duke of Normandy, is now
known as William the Conqueror.
nd
occupies the northern portion of Great
Britain.
rgh is the capital of
Scotland.
is mainly spoken in
Scotland.
14th century, Wales was
effectively united with England.
Exercise
Two（Book1 Unit3）
the English Civil War,
the “Roundhead” supported Oliver Cromwell,
while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.
ment in Britain, strictly speaking, consists
of three elements:
The Queen(The Sovereign),
the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
House of Commons is the source of real
political power in the United
Kingdom.
Great Charter (Magna
Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.
spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of
the powers of the
king.
l clung to
the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.
Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by
Queen.
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland is reigned over
by the
Monarch, but ruled by the government.
real power of the House of Lords lies in
discussing bills.
Exercise Three（Book1
Unit4）
1.A general election is held
normally every 5 years in the 650
consituencies of Brirain.（p50）
the
help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan
was published
by the UK goverment.（p56）
majority of the working lords in the House of
Lords are life peers,
who earned their
titles through their outstanding
achievement.（p58）
the House of Commons is
a “vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）
the general election, an MP candidate must deposit
500 pounds, which
is returned if he or she
receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）
Labour Party is the primary opposition to the
Conservatives.（p52）
. Margaret Thatcher, a
Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed
Privatization; the keeping of law and order;
self-reliance. Except the
strengthening of the
trade unions.
et Thatcher carried out the
economic policy of privatization to
revitalize
British economy in the 1980s.
cal change
in England came mainly through gradual reform.
Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）
far as
the religion is concerned, people in Northern
Ireland who are
loyal to the British goverment
are mainly Protestants, while people in the
Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.
' language survived through history and Irish
is the first official
language of the
Republic of Ireland.
ianity was brought to
Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.
1800, Irish parliament was voted out of
existence. The Act of Union
was signed, and
Ireland was officially a part of Brirain.
1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule
was instituted up
by Isac Butt.
ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.
Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th
century.
bought a legal system-the Brehon
law, to the island of Ireland.
Home Rule
Bill was finally passed in 1914.
political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by
Arthur Griffith.
the Celtic Brehon law,
women were given more rights in Ireland
than
in the British colonial period.
Book1
Unit15
first group of English were
brought in Australia as convicts in 1788
by the First Fleet.
Dreaming
is the oldest religion on Australia.
us,
kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia
continent.
lia was essentially unknown in
the West until the 17th centry.
Dreaming
is the most enduring religion in Australia
today.（p246）
first industries that were
developed after the settlement were the
sealing industries.
original natives
of Australia are the Aborigines.
the
policy of assimilation, children were taken away
from their
parents to be placed in church-run
institutions and the missionaries on
the
“protected reserves”.
Book1 Unit16
anism is one of the many forms of
Protestantism.（p258）
of sports in
Australia are high particularly in both water
sports
and team sports.
sm,
Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of
non-
Christian religions in Australia except
Catholicism.
most popular sport in
Australia is football.
Book2
Exercise 5（Unit1）
the north, a series
of large lakes were formed by huge
glaciers.（F）
（p3）
most of New
Zealand's forest has been turned into golf
course.（F）
（p4）
New Zealand, you can
see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the
nation.（F）
（p4）
Maori live on rural
areas.（F）（p8）
Europeans came to New
Zealand, Maori had had their own written
languages and recorded their history in
written form.（F）（p10）
1642 the Dutch
explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed
Eiropean
discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）
Zealand's highest peak is Mount Cook
in the mountain range called
the central
Southern Alps.（p3）
Zealand consists of
two main lands: North Island and South
Island.
（p3）
Southern Alps, with Mt
Cook in the center, runs almost the whole
length of the South Island.（p3）
gton
is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）
three-
quarters of the population (including more than
95% of the
Maori) live on the North
Island.（p6）
first European to visit New
Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.
（p10）
Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement
between the chiefs of
the Maori people and the
British Crown.（p10）
the first
environmental legislation in the world, the
Resource
Management Act focuses on the effect
of human activities on the
environment.（p6）
nd, the
country's largest urban area, is located on the
North
Island.（p6）
1975, the Waitangi
Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs
and Maori grievances.（p9）
Unit3
opher Columbus discovered America in the year
of 1947.（F）（p33）
1607,Britain planted its
firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now
Virginia.（T）（p35）
second President
John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which
more than doubled the size of the United
States.（F）（p47）
Jefferson, American
Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd
President of US, made the Louisiana Purchase
in 1803.
5.“All men are created equal” is
from the document called The
Declaration of
Independence.（p42）
Treaty of Paris,
signed in September 1783, recognized the
independence of the United States and granted
the new nation all the
territory north
of Florida, South of Canada and east of Mississipi
river.
（p42）
principal author of The
Declaration of Independence was Thomas
Jefferson.
important thing done in
the Second Continental Congress was that
Washington was appointed commander of the
army.（p42）
9.13 continental states are
there at the time of independence of the
United States.（p42）
U.S.A. is known
as a “Melting Pot” for its mixture of
nationalities.（p33）
Calvin is the man
whose teaching develop into Puritanism.（p33）
Exercise Six
Unit4
an
president is elected directly by the voters of the
nation (all
the citizens of the US).
practice of judicial review, an important feature
of the American
legal system is a
crucial weapon in the hands of
Congress.（F）（p55）
ing to the principle of
checks and balances, the president has to
share power with the legislative and the
judiciary branches.（T）（p55）
of the bills
introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes
law.
（F）（p54）
American government has
always been playing an unimportant role in
the
development of American economy.（F）（p57）
ss can override the president's veto by a two-
thirds vote.
all federal judges, the
Supreme Court justices, are appointed by
the
president and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）
role of American presidents includes command
the armed forces,
negotiate and sign treaty
and appoint certain personnel except pass law.
the United States, a case subject to federal
jurisidiction is heard
first before a federal
district judge, and then appeal may be made to the
Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the
Supreme Court.（p55）
most important of the
US Supreme Court, known as the power of
judicial review consists of determining
whether congressional legislation
or executive
action violates the constitution.
Constitution defines distinct powers for the
Congress of the United
States, the president,
and the federal courts. This division of authority
is known as a system of checks and balances,
and it ensures that none of
the branches of
government can dominate the others.
Unit8
ing to US laws, American
children must go to school until they are
at
least 16 years old.（p119）
an public
schools are supported by taxes and controlled by
the
federal government.（F）（p119）
ous
doctrines can be taught in American public
schools.（F）
（p119）
d University was
founded in 1636.（p121）
college in America
is two-year college.（p123）
Exercise
seven（unit14）
I. True or False
1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War
was the Cuban Crisis.T
2. In the aftermath
of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bush
ordered the invasion of Iraq in 2001, and then
Afghanistan in 2003.F
（p225）
3. The
credibility of the Bush administration was
significantly improved
when the Saddam regime
was found possessing weapons of mass
destruction (WMD).F（p226）
4. Mr.
Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American
president ever
elected in the US history.F
5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey
and Iran to show that the US
wanted to improve
its relations with the Muslim world.F（p227）
II. Multiple Choice
1. Which of the
following did NOT take place in the Nixon
administration?C
A. Vietnamization. B.
Cuban Missile Crisis.
C. Watergate
Scandal.
China.
D. Re-establishing US
relations with
2. The formal diplomatic
relation between China and the US was
established under President ________.A
A.
Nixon B. Bush C. Carter D. Reagan
3. Who
is the founding leader of the terrorist
organization al-Qaeda,
wildly known as the
culprit behind the terrorist attacks on the
United States?C
A. Adolf Hitler. B. Saddam
Hussein.
C. Bin Laden. D. Abu Musab al-
Zarqawi.
4. Which of the following US
administrations launched the first Gulf War?
A. The Clinton administration. B. The Bush
(Jr.) administration.
C. The Obama
administration. D. The Bush (Sr.)
administration.
5. The two Germanys, which
had been separated since the end of Word WII,
were reunited in ____A____.
A. 1990
B. 1991 C. 1989 D. 1999
6. In which of the
following year did September 11 Attacks happen in
the
United States and kill more than 3,000
people?B
A. 2000. B. 2001. C. 2002. D.
2003.
7. Who was supported by Obama as the
Secretary of Energy in July 2009?C
A. Gary F.
Locke.
Elaine Chao.
B. Maya Lin. C.
Stephen Chu D.
8. Where did President Obama
make his historical speech whereby he
announced a major change in US policy towards
the Muslim world?D
A. Damascus, Lebanon. B.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
C. Ankara, Turkey. D.
Cairo Egypt.
III. Blank Filling
1.
The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union
disintegrated in 1991,
leaving the United
States as the dominant military power.
2.
Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime
change formed the
core elements of Bush
Doctrine.
3. By the end of his first year
in office, views on Obama’s foreign
policy
record proved more positive than negative.
IV. Matching
Match the US president with
the event that took place in his presidency.
A
B
1) Abraham Lincoln
a. War on Poverty
2)
Roosevelt
Franklin D. b. Rapid development in IT
Industry
c. Gulf War
3) John F.
Kennedy
d. Civil War
4) Lyndon B.
Johnson
e. War on Terrorism
5)
Richard Nixon
f. Cuban Missile Crisis
6) George Bush (Sr.)
g. New Deal
7) Bill Clinton
8) George W.
Bush (Jr.)
h. Watergate Scandal
Exercise Eight
I. True or False
(Unit 17)
1. The Group of Severn
refers to a group of painters in the 1900s.F
2. Quebec is the largest province in area and
population.F
3. The first major waves of
immigration happened in the first half of
the
20th century.G
(Unit 18)
4.
Governor Generals represent the Queen of England
in Canada and
usually serve for one term of
seven years.F
5. British and French
political traditions have an important influence
on the formation of the Canadian political
system.F
6. The Senate is also an elected
body of men and women, representing
four main
regions in Canada.F
7. In Canada,
local governments are subordinate to the
provincial
governments, and provincial
governments are subordinate to the
federal
government.F
(Unit 19)
8. The
Métis played an important role in fur trade
between the First
people and the
Europeans.T
9. The major economic activity
during colonial times was the fur trade.F
10. In Canada, immigration remains an
explosive political issue.T
II. Blank
Filling
(Unit 17)
1. Most of the
inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal
peoples.
2. The western-most province
is British Columbia, which has three major
mountain ranges running through it, among
which the largest one is the
Rockies
.
3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is
probably the most famous
image of the
Canadian landscape.
4. The prairies are
flat and featureless and have a harsh continental
climate.
5. The prairies are called
Canada's breadbasket because the terrain is
well-suited to farming.
6. Ontario and
Quebec are the most densely populated provinces.
Over
half of Canada's population live in the
two provinces.
7. Newfoundland was the
last province to join Canada in 1949.
(Unit 18)
8. Canada?s political system
reflects the two major foreign forces on
the
historical development of the country: Britain and
the United
States.
9. Canada's system
of government was based on the British system of
parliamentary democracy. This is often
referred to as ?West-minster-
style?
democracy.
10. Canada was the first
political community to combine federalism with a
British system of government.
11. The Canadian parliament is divided into a
lower house, the House of
Commons, and an
upper house called the Senate.
(Unit
19)
12. The Inuit used to be called the
non-Indian peoples.
13. Canada?s
aboriginal peoples were forced to live on
reserves.
14. During the 1930s, the period
of the Great Depression, Canada?s
immigration
market was open only to Britons and Americans.
15. In more recent years, the federal
government encouraged Asian
immigration,
offering passports to those with capital and or
entrepreneurial skills, by passing the
Immigration Act of 1976.
16. Because of
the racist, overtones and the purely economic
concerns in
its immigration policies, Canada
looks hardheaded rather than
humanitarian.
III. Multiple Choice
(Unit 17)
1. ________ is the capital of Canada.C
A. Vancouver B. Toronto C. Ottawa D.
Montreal
2. Canada ranks ________ in land
area in the world.A
A. second B. first C.
third D. fourth
3. ________ are the two
official languages in Canada.B
A. French and
Indian B. English and French
C. English and
Italian D. Italian and French
4. Almost
half land area of Canada is covered by ________.A
A. forests B. deserts C. swamps D. bogs
5. The majority of French-speaking Canadians
live in ________.C
A. New Brunswick B. Ontario
C. Quebec D. Nova Scotia
(Unit 18)
6. In Canada the Head of State is ________.A
A. the prime minister B. the governor-
general
C. Queen Elizabeth II D. the leader
of the majority party
7. The parliament of
Canada is made up of all the following except
________.A
A. the Crown B. the Senate
C. the House of Commons D. the National
Assembly
(Unit 19)
8. Indigenous
peoples make up about 4% of the Canadian people.
They are
________.B
A. Indians and
Africans B. Aborigines and Indians
C. Eskimos
and Aborigines D. American Indians and Inuit
9. Immigrants from central and eastern Europe
were encouraged to settle
the prairies and
develop the ________.B
A. agriculture B.
mining industry
C. forestry D. fishing
industry
10. After World War II,
Canada opened its doors again to immigrants from
aboard, but restriction on ________
persisted.D
A. Briton B. Americans
C.
Northern Europeans D. Asians
11. The city
of ________ is home to the second largest Chinese
community
in North America.B
A. Ottawa B.
Vancouver C. Toronto D. Montreal
（2014141418整理）