行健文理学院-读书的坏处

首先还是讲一下句子结构吧,了解了这个对分析长难句很有帮助,以前高考前老师也是这么教我们的,还有熟悉了这个你写作文会比较好用从句,检查的时候也比较容易发现错误
英语句子结构其 实跟中文的有点像,主要有主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语
一个最简单的句子至少有主语 谓语这两部分 例如 I believe. (I是主语 believe是谓语)
还有主系表（主语+系动词+表语，系动词是特殊的谓语啦，就是be的各种形态 am are is was
were那些再加上感官动词 smells looks sounds这类的）
例如It sounds good.这类的 还有 It is nice. 这里的nice 跟 good 都是表语 表语都是跟在系
动词后面的 不过我个人认为表语这个理解了就行 没有多大用处 纯粹是科普下
百度了一下五个基本句型:
Ⅰ.主语+动词(SV)
Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了。
Ⅱ.主语+动词+补语 (SVC)
His eyes are blue. 他的眼睛是蓝色的。
Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语 (SVO)
I love apples. 我喜欢苹果。
Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVOO)
I gave him my address. 我告诉他我的地址。
Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)
I found the box empty. 我发现盒子是空的。
然后句子复杂点的话 就多了定、状、补（不一定三个都有的，可以根据情况加一个两个或
者三个都加）
定语通常都 是修饰名词的,所以主要是形容词,但也不一定,还可以是名词,代词,数词,动词不定
式等
例如: She is a student in No.7 Middle School. 黄底部分就是定语,修饰 student
状语,顾名思义就是表示一个状态, 说明地点、时间、原 因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、
方式和伴随状况等,一般是由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、 不定式或相当于副词的词
或短语
例如: She speaks English very well. very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak
的程度状语。
She left ten minutes ago. Ten minutes ago就是时间状语
补语主要是宾语补足语 就是常说的宾补 这个全靠个人领会,我不会解释
例如She helps me to learn English.
She made me angry.
所谓的从句就是在这部分上用一个句子来表达的,我是这么理解的,对不对我就不知道了
下面那些主要百度,部分手打补充


1.主语从句
1）主语 从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而
将从句放在句末。常 见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...

*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈
述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
(黄底那部分就是从句的部分,就是把主语那部分用一个句子表示)

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑
问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他
介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well- written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定
词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
(其实我觉得这个原理跟主语从句差不多,就是一个是主语用句子来说一个是宾语用句子来
表达 )

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when,
why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if( thoughalthough)等引导。that常可省略。
如主句主语为reason,只能用th at引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in
America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现 的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意
义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有
fa ct,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,sugge stion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由
于谓语较短，将 同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

The fact that the earth is round is true. (that the earth is round解释说明the fact)

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句 通常位于先行词
之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，
原句 意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom,
whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of w hich；which用于指物；that既可指人也
可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除 了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从
句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. (两个都
是修饰those)

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all ,anything ,everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first ,last,
any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词 常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可
用which或whom引导从句， 并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语
的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当
于一个“介词+which”的结构。

Even in comic books where (=in which) there are no words; the stories are fully expressed through
the drawings.

No one knows the reason why (=for which) he was so angry that day.

*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既 可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗
号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影 响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull, which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
“介词+whichwho mwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构
中介词的选择取决于从句谓 语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代 替先行词是人或物
的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或 中间。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved. (as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above, no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as
代替主语)

6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as, hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner...than, each(every) time, the moment,
immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever.
Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her.

*原因、结果和目的状语从句

1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now(that), seeing that, considering
that ,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that, such...that, so that, that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等，从句常使用may,
might, can, could, would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, in case,
provided(providing) that, supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter
what (when, how...),whatever (whenever, wherever, however....)等。though, even if等引导状语从
句可转换成含有as的部 分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名
词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say, I would not change my mind.
Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) (这个 是倒装句,如果展
开说又是长篇大论,你要学再慢慢说哈,不过写作文用个倒装句一下子又升level 了 倒装句还
有虚拟语气好加分的)
Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as, just as, as if, as though等。as if, as though引导的状语从句中，
谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

于是，渴 望一种懂得，可以一眼洞穿你所有清寂的薄凉。是恰好的温度，闪耀着阳光的味道，柔软又美好。
那么这一路上的爱恨欢愁也就有了归宿，以后的日子，既便是山长水远，也都会坦然面对，给尘世以最初的温柔。
好像是到了一个阶段，学会了等待，学会了随遇而安，学会了笑着去接受。不再心心念念，不再轻易信任。
只是在某个清晨，听见久远的一声问候，心，依然会瞬间柔软。
原来我们的内心深处，还是那么渴望一场白首不相离的缘分，千万次回眸




，始终还是你。
然后，一起守着古朴的时光，迎接每一天的黎明。 弱水三千，只取一瓢饮，不褪色，不黯淡，任凭尘世的风摇曳着冬日的风雪，我始终是你最美的红颜，你是我最美 的时光。
不说永远，陪伴便是最长情的告白。
龙应台曾写过一段文字：“有一种寂 寞，身边添一个可谈的人，或许就可以削减。有一种寂寞，茫茫天地之间余舟一芥的无边无际无着落，人只能各自 孤独面对，素颜修行。”不同的寂寞
有着不同的归途，其实赏心之人无须太多，关键是否能入心。
始终喜欢，一切纯善质朴的好，不论是人还是事，一份情深义重，才是水色尘心的悠远。而一同走过 的山山水水，都会是生命的记载。
如果可以，愿始终趋光而行，向着太阳升起的地方。无论飘摇还 是安逸，都要坚守住内心那道光，我们可以不完美，但灵魂必须向美而生。
有时，灵犀的相悦会铭记一生，我不知道岁月有多长，人生还会有多少未知。
只是希望自己能做个 心思澄明，有着简单的小欢喜，不过多的忧思，也不给自己添加太多束缚的人。阳光很暖，你也还在，如此，足够 。
看多了花开花谢，聚散离合，便逐渐明白，我们最终想拥有的不过是一份寻常的烟火，简单而情重，朴素而感恩。
余生很长，从晨曦到日暮，就让我们一起慢慢走。