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英语四级语法讲义之从句的判别和应用
来源：考试在线 2012-06-28
从句的判别和应用：
eg：Weather she will come or not is unknown.（主语从句）
It is unknown weather he will come or not.（主语从句）
I don’t know weather he will come or not.（宾语从句）
The question is weather he will come or not.（表语从句）
The question weather he will come or not is not settled.（同位语从句）
例：09年6月真题 __________(很多人没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of
sports , and football in particular .
what many people didn’t realize
例：08年12月真题
It was very dark, but Mary seemed to (本能地知道该走哪条路) .
know which way to take by instinct 宾语从句
例：07年12月真题
In my sixties, one change I notice is that _________________ (我比以前更容易
累了).
I feelget tired more easily than before
例：真题08年6月
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st
century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it.
例： Because they usually receive the same score on standard examinations. There
is ofen disagreement at who is the better student, Bob or Hellen？
例：真题08年12月
Your resume should attract a would-be boss’s attention by demonstrating _____
(为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选). 宾语从句
why you would be the best candidate for a certain position.
例： Since my childhood I have found that ________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸
引力). nothing is more attractiveappealing to me than reading
英语四级语法讲义之名词性从句-表语从句
来源：考试在线 2012-06-28
表语从句构成方式：
若从句为陈述句，直接加that;
若从句为特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序;
若从句为一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者
if;
eg：China is no longer what she used to be.

The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
一、表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以
及as if, as though, because等连词。
1. 由that引导
The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能
起作用。
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我
们马上就开始做准备工作。
2. 由whether引导
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导
You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。
What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
4. 由连接副词引导
The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。
That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。
That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。
That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
5. 由关系代词型what引导
That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。
That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。
Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。
6. 由as if as though引导
It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有
好多年了似的。
It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。
7. 由because引导

It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall night. 如果我有点困，是因为
一夜没睡。
It’s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为
我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。
【注意】because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表
语从句。
二、连词that的省略问题
引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：
My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。
The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了
英语四级语法讲义之比较状语从句
来源：考试在线 2012-06-29
比较状语从句：
than, as„as„，not so as„，（not) the same as, the+比较级；
eg：Light travels fast than sound.
the+比较级：
eg：The sooner，the better.
eg：Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do
housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy（预言) becomes self-
fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.
（1）当„„的时候：while, when, as ；
when：强调一件事情正在发生的时候，另外一件事情突然发生；
eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.
while：强调两个动作同时进行，一边„„一边„„；
eg：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.
as：随时间推移
eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.
（2）一„„就„„：as soon as ,主将从现；用directly，immediately, instantly
连接两个句子；一些名词如the minute，the moment, the instant也可表示；no sooner„
than, hardly„ when后面的句子需要倒装；
eg：I will write to you the momentminute I arrived in Paris.
（3）特殊单词：by the time that, everyeach time（使用时后面不要再加when）
（4）till＆until：
① 肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的；
否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事，一般用until，动词为延续性或非延续性
都可以；

eg: I slept until midnight.
Wait till I call you.
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
② Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首，通常用于句中；
eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep
sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that repeats approximately every 90
minutes.
英语四级语法讲义之结果状语从句
来源：考试在线 2012-07-10
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so„ that 或 such„that引导；so保留，that可以省略；如此„„
以至于„„；
eg：He didn’t abide by the contract so that he was fined.
He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep.
He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.
比较：so和 such （1）so：so +形容词、副词+that；so+形容词+aan+名词+that；
eg：The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
He run so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
It was so hot a day that crops wilted.
He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.
（2）such：such+aan+形容词+名词+that
eg：It was such a hot day that crops wilted.
He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.
2013年英语四级考试语法讲义：强调句
来源：考试在线 2013-01-18
2013年英语四级考试高级语法讲义
强调句
英语中表示强调的8种方式
1.用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调
are the very person I'm looking for.
你就是我要找的那个人。
Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.
红军就在此地打过一仗。
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。
2.用反身代词表示强调

e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.
我将亲自到车站为她送行。
You can do it well yourself.
你自己能做好这件事情。
3.用助词“dodoesdid+动词原形”表示强调
baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.
务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。
4.用“...and that”，“...and those”，等结构表示强调
fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.
他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。
I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.
前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。
5.用双重否定结构表示强调
is no reason why this new immigrant should not have the same success.
完全有理由相信这些新移民应该拥有相同的成功。
A man can never have too many ties.
一个男人有再多的领带也不为过。
I can't thank you too much.
我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。
A mother can never be patient enough with her child.
I am not unfaithful to you.我对你无比忠诚。
6.用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，
“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，
“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调
behaviour was in every way perfect.
他的举止确实无可挑剔。
The news was only too true.
这消息确实是事实。
Where in heaven were you then?
当时你到底在哪里?
7.用倒装句表示强调
8.用强调句型表示强调
It is that或 It is who
was the headmaster who opened the door for me.
正是校长为我开的门。
It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment.

就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。
2013年英语四级考试语法讲义：插入语
来源：考试在线 2013-01-19
2013年英语四级考试语法讲义：插入语
插入语
插入语通常是说话者对 所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。
它的位置比较灵活，常常会用逗号或者破 折号和其他部分隔开，但是在语法上不会影响其他
成分。
插入语六大用法小结
例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.
l speaking ng general
lly speaking ng generally
小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking(严格地
说)，generally considering(一般认为)， judging from„„(根据„„判断)等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could
swim.
fact y unately lly
小结 ：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed(的确)，surely(无疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地 说)，obviously(显然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for
sb.(算某人幸运)，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，b riefly(简单地说)等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，
_____， you failed.
the end all other words the same time
小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion(总之)，in a word(简而言之)，in
short(简而言之)，in general(一般说来)，in a sense(在某种意义上)，in my view(在我
看来)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事实上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此
外)，of course(当然)，to my surprise(使我惊奇的)，to her regret(使她遗憾的)，for
example(例如)等。
例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years
ago.
‘s more is to say other words e it or not
小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am
sure(我可以肯定地说)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道吗)，you see(你明白)，
I’m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(据说)，I suppose(我想)，what’s more(而且)，what’
s worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是说)，what is important(重要的是)等。
例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.
be frank ’s more addition r

小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure(无疑地)，to sum up(概括地说)，
to tell the truth(老实说)等。
例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.
ng general e to say y course
小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to
say(不用说)，most important of all(最为重要)，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更
好)等。
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned
university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the
business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business
Administration).
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has
acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance
and usefulness.
Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United
States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
2013年英语四级考试语法讲义：非谓语动词
来源：考试在线 2013-01-19
2013年英语四级考试语法讲义：非谓语动词
几种做句子成分的情况
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区 别
是考试中经常考到的地方。
interesting使人感到高兴-- interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Travelling is interesting but tiring.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学
得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
begin开始 determine决定 manage设法 agree同意 love 喜欢 fail不能 plan计划
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认，admit 承认 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete
完成
appreciate 感激，欣赏 avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避
deny否认
consider 考虑 fancy幻想，爱好 mind 介意 miss错过 finish完成，结束不得 resist
抵抗，阻止 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 prevent
阻止
keep保持 quit放弃停止 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years
ago.
我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算，有意要„
mean doing意味着

副标题#e#
7)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动表示“要(修、清理等)”意
思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我
实在没办法。
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
The book writen by professor Smith is very popular in China now. 由史密斯教
授写的那本书在中国非常受欢迎
I have find my watch lost.
5.不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关
系。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是
被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和ho w后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短
语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾
语)
(2)不带to的不定式
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。
这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to
听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went
on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想让你知道我病了。
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to，
He was seen to come. The boy was made to go to bed early.
3)在do nothinganythingeverything but(except)结构中。
例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也
没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but( except)
所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都
没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外，他们
没有别的办法。
7.非谓语动词中的有关句型
(1)动名词作主语的句型
1)It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)
等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
2) It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。