上海市上海交通大学附属中学2018届高三上学期开学考试英语试题 含答案 精品
观后感开头-幼儿园托班教育笔记
2017-2018学年交大附中高三第一学期第一次测试卷
9.19
一、语法
One day a two-year-old boy had
been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the
refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the
bottle and it fell, ____1____(spill) its
contents all over the kitchen floor——a sea of
milk!
Seeing at this, his mother instead of
shouting at him or punishing him, said,
“Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made!
I have rarely seen such a huge pool
of milk.
Well, the damage ___2________(do). You know,
Robert, __3______ a mess like
this is made, it
has to be cleaned up and everything restored to
its proper order.
So ,how would you like to do
that? We ___4_______ use a towel or a mop. Which
do you
prefer? ”He chose the towel and
together they cleaned up the spilt milk.
His
mother then said, “Robert, what we had there was a
_5______(fail) experiment
in _6____ to
effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny
hands. Let’s go out to
the backyard and fill
the bottle with water and see if you can discover
a way to carry
it __7___ dropping it.” The
little boy learned that if the bottle was grasped
at
the top near the lip with both hands, it
could be carried without being dropped.
At
that moment the little boy came to understand he
didn’t need to be afraid
to _8____(make)
mistakes. Instead, he learnt that mistakes were
just opportunities
for learning ___9______
new.
Today, the boy is an outstanding
scientist ___10_____ has made several important
medical breakthroughs.
二、选词
A.
expand ions ic ibly ng t
d e
us
When we think of
green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the
kind of high-tech,
solar-paneled masterpieces
that make the covers of architecture magazines.
But the
US has more than 100 million existing
homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear
them all down and _____ them with greener
versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and
resources went into the construction of those
houses. And it would take an average
of 65
years for the_____carbon emissions from a new
energy-efficient home to make
up f or the
resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the
broadest_____, the
greatest home is the one
that has already been built. But at the same time,
nearly
half of US carbon emissions come from
heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices
and other buildings. can't deal with climate
change without dealing with existing
building,
With some_____, the oldest homes
tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses
built before1939 use about 50% more energy per
square foot than those built after
2000,
mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that
_____over time and let in more outside
air.
Fortunately, there are a vast number of
relatively simple changes that can green
older
homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to
your own postwar home. And
efficiency upgrades
can save more than just the earth, they can
help_____property
owners from rising power
costs.
ry ably ly g ess
d
cated rations
Ask most
people how they define the American Dream and
chances are they’ll say,
“Success.”The dream
of individual opportunity has been home in America
since
Europeans discovered a “new world” in
the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like
Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly
the freedom and opportunity to be found
in
this new land. His glowing descriptions of
a_____society where anyone could attain
success through honesty and hard work fired
the imaginations of many European readers:
in
Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote.
“We are all excited at the spirit
of an
industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and
unrestrained, because each person
works for
himself „ We have no princes, for whom we
labor,starve, and bleed: we
are the most
perfect society now existing in the world.” The
promise of a land where
“the rewards of a
man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of
his labor”
drew poor immigrants from Europe
and_____ national expansion into the western
territories.
Our national mythology is
full of_____ of the American success story.
There’s
Benjamin Franklin, the very model of
the self-educated, self-made man, who rose
from_____origins to become a well-known
scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In
the
nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of
fiction for young boys, became
American’s
best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales.
The_____of success haunts
us: we spend million
every year reading about the rich and famous,
learning how to
“make a fortune in real estate
with no money down,” and “dressing for success.”
The myth of success has even_____our personal
relationships: today it’s as important
to be
“successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is
to come out on top in business.
But dreams
easily turn into nightmares. Every American who
hopes to “make it”
also knows the fear of
failure, because the myth of success_____ implies
comparison
between the haves and the have-
nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under
pressure
of the myth, we become indulged in
_____symbols: we try to live in the “right”
neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat
the “right” foods. These symbols
of
distinction assure us and others that we
believe_____in the fundamental equality
of
all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate
ourselves from our fellow citizens.
三、完型
Playing organized sports is such a common
experience in the United States that
many
children and teenagers take them for granted. This
is especially true 41
children from
families and communities that have the resources
needed to organize
and 42 sports
programs and make sure that there is easy 43
to
participation opportunies. Children
in low-income families and poor communities are
less likely to take organized youth sports for
granted because they often 44
the
resources needed to pay for participation 45
, equipment, and
transportation to practices
and games as their communities do not have
resources to
build and 46 sports
fields and facilities.
Organized youth sports
first appeared during the early 20th century in
the United
States and other wealthy nations.
They were originally developed 47 some
educators and developmental experts 48
that the behavior and character of
children
were 49 influenced by their social
surroundings and everyday
experiences. This
50 many people to believe that if you could
organize the
experiences of children in 51
ways, you could influence the kinds of adults
that those children would become.
This
belief that the social 52 influenced a
person’s overall
development was very 53
to people interested in progress and reform in the
United States at the beginning of the 20th
century. It caused them to think about
54
they might control the experiences of children to
55 responsible and
productive adults. They
believed strongly that democracy depended on
responsibility
and that a growing capitalist
economy depended on the productivity of workers.
41. A) among B) within C) on D)
towards
42. A) spread B) speed
C) spin D) sponsor
43. A) access
B) entrance C) chance D) route
44.
A) shrink B) tighten C) limit
45. A) bill B) accounts C)
fees
46. A) maintain B) contain
C) sustain
47. A) before
48.
A) realized
49. A) specifically
50.
A) moved
B) while
D) lack
D)
fare
D) entertain
C) until D)
when
B) recalled C) expected D)
exhibited
B) excessively C) strongly
D) exactly
D) led B) conducted C) put
51. A) precise B) precious C)
particular D) peculiar
52. A)
engagement B) environment C) state D)
status
53. A) encouraging B) disappointing
C) upsetting D) surprising
54. A) what
B) how C) whatever D) however
55.
A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce
D) provide
四、阅读
(A)
There
Student thieves look out. Students can easily get
many research papers off
the Internet. A new
Web site could help teachers catch copiers.
Some students research and write their term
papers. Others, however, just copy
them off
the Internet and turn them in as their work.
Two graduate students at the University of
California at Berkeley have written
a program
to catch the students who copy. It compares a
student’s paper with every
other term paper on
the Web.
A hundred million Web pages on the
Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines
are used for the search. This service can be
found at www. plagiarism. com. They also
have
a local data base of term papers.
Teachers who
sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web
site. Within
24 hours they know if the student
did the work.
Every sentence that was a word-
for-word match with another sentence either found
on the Internet or within our database is
coded.
A U.C. Berkeley professor told his
class he would use the program. Still some
students copied papers. All 300 papers went
through the program. In 45 papers or 15
percent of students had cut and pasted large
amounts of material from different World
Wide
Web sites.
Students that say they didn’t copy
can defend themselves. They can show the
instructors where they got their material.
Students at universities try hard to get
good
grades. Some students welcome the Internet
research watchdog because they say
it is fair
to all. They think copying is wrong.
56. One reason why plagiarism has
increased is that ______.
A. student cheat
more today
B. their reasoning and survival
skills improved
C. students couldn’t find
information to copy before the Internet was
developed
D. it is so easy to cut and paste
papers or parts of papers from the Internet
57. Using the program developed at University
of California at Berkeley, the papers
are
checked by using ______.
A. printing and
looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the
Internet
B. a search of many Web pages and a
comparison of words used
C. asking the student
where they got the information in the paper
D.
comparing all the papers which are turned in by
the students
58. If teachers want to find
out if their students wrote their own papers,
______.
A. they ask other teachers to read
their students’ papers
B. they ask their
students to list their sources of information
C. they can sign up for the Internet service
D. they search the Internet and compare papers
B
In modern society there is a great deal
of argument about competition. Some value
it
highly, believing that it is responsible for
social progress and prosperity. Others
say
that competition is bad; that it sets one person
against another; that it leads
to unfriendly
relationship between people.
I have
taught many children who held the belief that
their self-worth relied
on how well they
performed at tennis and other skills. For them,
playing well and
winning are often life-and-
death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of
success,
the development of many other human
qualities is sadly forgotten.
However,
while some seem to be lost in the desire to
succeed, others take an
opposite attitude. In
a culture which values only the winner and pays no
attention
to the ordinary players, they
strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal
are
youngsters who have suffered under
competitive pressures from their parents or
society.
Teaching these young people, I often
observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to
seek failure by not trying to win or achieve
success. By not trying, they always have
an
excuse:
What is not usually admitted by
themselves is the belief that if they had really
tried
and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a
loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly,
this belief is the same as that of true
competitors who try to prove themselves. Both
are based on the mistaken belief that one's
self-respect relies on how well one
performs
in comparison with others.
Both are afraid of
not being valued. Only as this basic and often
troublesome
fear begins to dissolve can we
discover a new meaning in competition.
59.
What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.
Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B.
Opinions about competition are different among
people.
C. Competition is harmful to personal
quality development.
D. Failures are
necessary experience in competition.
60. The
underlined phrase
A. those who try their best
to win
B. those who value competition most
highly
C. those who are against competition
most strongly
D. those who rely on others
most for success
61. What is the similar
belief of the true competitors and those with a
fail
A. One's worth lies in his performance
compared with others.
B. One's success in
competition needs great efforts.
C. One's
achievement is determined by his particular
skills.
D. One's success is based on how hard
he has tried.
62. Which point of view may the
author agree to?
A. Every effort should be
paid back.
B. Competition should be
encouraged.
C. Winning should be a
life-and-death matter.
D. Fear of failure
should be removed in competition.
C篇
About 40 years ago the famous British band
The Beatles sang that“money can’t
buy me
love”. Today British economists are saying that it
perhaps can’t buy you
happiness either. This
is showed by the happy planet index published
recently by the
New Economics Foundation (NEF
) in London.
The index is about how well
countries are using their resources. It shows how
well they provide people with better health
and longer and happier lives and at what
cost
to their environment.
It would seem to be a
common sense that people in richer countries live
happier
lives while those in developing
countries are having a harder time of it. But the
results are surprising , even shocking. The
numbers show that some of the so-called
developed countries are performing very badly.
The United States, for example , comes
at an
unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some
little-known developing
countries are doing a
much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific,
Vanuatu comes
in first. There are 178
countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of
information supplied in response to the
following questions. How do people feel about
their live? How long does an average
person
live ? How intensively does a country need to use
its natural resources --
such as oil, land and
water--to maintain standards. This is what the
index calls the
“ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations
enjoy the highest HPI rankings.
Their
populations live happier and longer lives, and use
fewer resources.
The results also seem to show
that it is possible to live longer, happier lives
with a much smaller environmental impact . The
index points out that people in the
US and
Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany
‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that
of the
US. This means that Germany is around
twice as efficient as the US at producing happy
lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s
center for well-being.
So happy planet
Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of
understanding “being
happy”. HPI figures out
different countries or individuals’ HPI through
their
Ecological Footprint” and Life
satisfaction Level “ or ” Life Expectancy”.
Clearly,
people’s HPI is related to their
consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting
http:www. happy planet
.
63. The story is
mainly about ____________________.
A. in
which countries people feel the happiest. money
can’t you happiness.
index can influence
people’s happiness. happy planet index
published recently
64. According to the
passage, the index has something to do
with_________________.
, education, resources
and heath. B. lives, heath, resources and
environment
re, accommodation, resources
and heath D. education, money, environment
and
resources
65. Countries that have low HPI
rankings___________________________.
A.
are only developing countries. B. have
far fewer happy people
C. have a greater
impact on environment D. do not enjoy plenty
of resource
66. The comparison between Germany
and the US shows that______________________.
A. some of the so-called developed countries
are performing very badly.
B. it is possible
to live happier and longer lives with fewer
resources.
C. not all the people in developed
countries enjoy happy lives.
D. history and
culture play an important role in people”s lives.
六选四
Directions: complete the
following passage by using the sentences in the
box. Each
sentence can only be used once. Note
that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. He worried about possible
German intervention in Latin America.
B.
Hitler resulted in Roosevelt’s final decision.
C. They knew this would mean disaster.
D.
He decided it was best to attack Germany while its
forces were divided.
E. The allied forces
launched their first attack in north Africa.
F. He would use most of his forces to fight
Germany.
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor
in December nineteen forty-one had brought America
into the war. And it had severely damaged
American military power. But Roosevelt
decided
not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67
. There were several
reasons for Roosevelt’s
decision.
First, Germany already controlled
much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic
Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct
threat. 68 . Second, Germany
was
an advanced industrial nation. It had many
scientists and engineers. Its factories
were
modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might
be able to develop deadly
new weapons, such as
an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly.
Third, Britain
historically was one of
America’s closest allies. And the British people
were united
and fighting for their lives
against Germany. This was not true in Asia.
Japan’s
most important opponent was China. But
China’s fighting forces were weak and divided,
and could not offer strong opposition to the
Japanese.
Hitler’s decision to break his
treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet
Union
made Roosevelt’s final choice. The
American leader recognized that the Germans would
have to fight on two fronts: in the west
against Britain and in the east against Russia.
69 . So Washington sent most of its
troops and supplies to Britain to join the
fight against Germany.
American military
leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by
launching an attack
across the English
Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet
forces were
suffering terrible losses from the
Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americans
to fight the Germans on the west.
However, British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill and other leaders opposed
launching
an invasion across the English Channel too
quickly. They worried that such
an invasion
might fail, while the Germans were still so
strong. 70 .
For this reason,
British and American forces decided instead to
attack the Italian
and German occupation
troops in north Africa.
概要写作:
It is
difficult to imagine what life would be like
without memory. The meanings
of thousands of
everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions
we make, and the
roots of our habits and
skills are to be found in our past experiences,
which are
brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep
information available for later
use. It
includes not only “remembering things” like
arithmetic or historical facts,
bur also
involves any change in the way an animal typically
behaves. Memory is involved
when a rat gives
up eating grain because he has sniffed
(嗅到,闻到)something
suspicious in the grain pile.
Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child
learn
to swing a baseball bat.
Memory
exists not only in humans and animals but but in
some physical objects
and ers ,for
example,contain devices for storing data for later
use.
It is interesting to compare the memory-
storage capacity of a computer with that of
a
human being. The instant-access memory of a large
computer may hold up to 100,000
“words”--ready
for instant average U.S. teenager probably
recognizes the
meaning about 100,000 words of
English. However, this is a but fraction of the
total
amount of information which the teenager
has stored. Consider, for example, the number
of faces and places that the teenager can
recognize on sight.
The use of words is the
basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence
of
human beings. A large part of a person’s
memory is in terms of words and combinations
of words.
翻译
1.
我从未想到我校篮球队会在比赛中败北。(occur)
2.
他再也无法忍受没有被晋升为部门经理的事实。(No longer)
3.
就教师而言,没有什么比能看到学生取得进步更令人兴奋的了。(than)
4.
尽管这项计划的初衷是为了提高人民生活水平,但由于种种原因计划未能实施。
(intend)
写作:
假如你是光明中学高三学生王林,这学期你办迎来了一名新外教Mr.
White。他打算在全
班同学中选一名学生助理,请给Mr. White写封自荐信。
欢迎Mr. White的到来自荐做学生助理。
你的基本情况(如性格、特长等)。
参考答案
一:Keys:spilling has been
done
whenever can failed how without to
make something who
三:ADADC ADACD
CBABC
四:DBC BCAD
五:DABC