2015江苏卷高考英语试题及答案-阅读理解教学文稿
上海市职业能力考试院-埋汰人
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Visitor Code
Arrive with
nothing that can harm New Zealand
If you are
arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or
plant material into the country. If
in doubt
declare it to Customs.
Protect plants and
animals
Never allow dogs or other pets to run
freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife,
or
where sighposted.
Get rid of rubbish
Always get rid of your rubbish properly and
recycle waste(e.g. glass, paper) where possible.
Be considerate with other waste
If using
a portable toilet always throw away your toilet
waste at a proper waste station. In
the back
country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole
away from waterway.
Keep New Zealand’s water
clean
Because soaps and other wastes can harm
waterways, be careful your washing water
doesn’t pollute the sea lakes and rivers.
Take care with fires
Always observe
district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or
have an outdoor fire or
barbecue, make sure
ashes are cold before leaving.
Camp or
picnic carefully
When camping or picnicking,
use facilities provided.
Keep to the track
Keep to the track, where one exists, so you
lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.
Be considerate
When driving, minimize
noise and observe no smoking signs.
56.
According to Visitor Code, visitors could
act_______.
A. with care and respect B.
with relief and pleasure C. with caution and
calmness D.
with attention and observation
57. What are you encouraged to do when
travelling in New Zealand?
A. Take your own
camping facilities.
B. Bury glass far away
from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the
sake of plants.
D. Observe signs to approach
nesting birds.
B
In the United States
alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown
away each year.
Cell-phones are part of a
growing mountain of electronic waste like
computers and personal
digital assistants. The
electronic waste stream is increasing three times
faster than traditional
garbage as a general.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals
such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported
that
while the weight of electronic goods
represented by precious metals was relatively
small in
comparison to traditional waste, the
concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metal
was
higher in so-called e-waste than in
naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic
wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even
when the machine… and the
harmful metals
removed, the recycled process often is carried out
in poor countries, in practically
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uncontrolled ways which allow
many poisonous substances to escape into the
environment.
Creating products out of raw
materials creates much more waste material, up to
100 times
more, than the material contained in
the finished products. Consider again the cell-
phone, and
imagine the mines that produced
those metals, the factories needed to make the box
and
packaging it came in. Many wastes produced
in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environment Protection Agency notes
that most waste is dangerous in that “the
production, distribution, and use of
products--- as well as management of the resulting
waste---all result in greenhouse release.
Individuals can make contributions by creating
less waste
at… buying reusable products and
recycling.
In many countries, the concept of
extended producer responsibility is being
considered or has
been put in place as an
incentive(动机) for reducing waste. If producers are
required to take back
packaging they use to
sell their products, would they reduce the
packaging in the first place?
Governments’
incentive to require producers to take
responsibility for the packaging they
process
should be based on money. Why, they ask, should
cities or towns be responsible to deal
with
the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary
goal of laws requiring extended producer
responsibility is to transfer both the cost
and the physical responsibility of waste
management
from the government and tax-payers
back to the producers.
58. By… the Swiss
study, the author intended to tell us________.
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. e-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural materials contains more precious
metals
D. the percentage of precious metals
is heavy in e-waste
59. The responsibility of
e-waste…transfer ______.
A. from producers
to governments B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors D.
from to governments
60. What does the passage
mainly talk about?
A. The increase in
e-waste B. The creation of e-waste C. The
seriousness of e-waste
D. The management of
e-waste
C
Suppose you become a leader
in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll
want to have
volunteers to help with the
organization’s activities. To do so, it should
help to understand why
people undertake
volunteer work and what keeps their interests in
the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why
people volunteer. Researchers have identified
several
factors that motivate people to get
started. For example, people volunteer to express
personal
values related to unselfishness, to
expand their range of experiences and to develop
social
relationships. If volunteer positions
do not meet those needs, people may not wish to
participate.
To select volunteers, you may
need to understand the motivation of the people
you wish to
attract.
People also volunteer
because they are required to do so. To increase
levels of opportunity
given, some schools have
launched volunteer programmes. Unlike…. can
…people’s wish of
participation from an
internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s
important to me.”) to an
external factor (e.g.
“I volunteer because I’m prepared to do so.”) When
that happens, people
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become less likely to volunteer in the future.
People must be sensitive to this possibility when
they make volunteer activity a must.
Once
people begin to volunteer, what leads them to
remain in their positions over time? To
answer
this question, researchers have conducted follow-
up studies in which they track
volunteers over
time. For instance, one study followed volunteers
in Florida over a year. One of
the most
important factors that influenced their
satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of
suffering they experienced in their volunteer
positions. Although this result may not support
you,
it leads to important practical advice.
The researchers note that attention should be
given to
“training methods that would prepare
volunteers… them with strategies for … with the
problem
they experience.”
Another study of
302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on
individual differences in
the degree to which
people view “volunteer” as an important social
role. It was estimated that
those people …the
role of volunteer … part of their personal …be
more likely to continue
volunteer work.
Participants indicated the degree to which social
role matters by responding to
statements such
as “Volunteering at hospitals is an important part
of who I am.” Consistent with
the researchers’
expectations, they focused a positive
cohesion(正相关) between the strength of
role
identity and the lengths of time people
contributed to volunteer. These… again, lead to
concrete advice. “Once an individual begins
volunteering, continued effort to focus on
developing
volunteer role….”
61. People
volunteer mainly out of__________.
A.
academic requirements B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. internal
needs
62. What can we learn from Florida study?
A. Follow up studies should last for one year.
B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Volunteer training is a must in research.
D. Volunteers are provided with concrete
advice.
63. What is most likely to motivate
volunteers to continue their work?
A.
individual differences in role identity. B.
Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirt.
C.
Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical
advice from researchers.
64. What is the best
title of the passage?
A. How to get people
to volunteer B. How to study volunteer behavior
C. How to keep volunteers’ D. How to
organize volunteers’ activities
D
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s
challenge in the digital Age is a serious topic.
We are facing today a strange new
world and we
are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered
freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There
were great civilizations, splendid empires,
but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were
both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling
over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens, a
little city in a little country, there were no
helpless masses. And
Athenians willingly
obeyed the written laws which they themselves
passed, and the unwritten,
which must be
obeyed if free men live together. They must show
each other kindness and pity
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