朴周永-爸爸妈妈我想对你说

句子的翻译
英语和汉语两种语言在语法结构和遣词造句上都有所不同。英语
单词形态变化相对丰富，集中体现在动词的形态变化上，形成以动词
变化为主轴的句法结构模式 ，意义紧紧与句法形态相结合；汉语并不
通过词本身的形态来表达，而是通过虚词、词序等手段来表达， 缺乏
形态变化体系。
英语句子通常有严谨的主谓结构，这个结构常由名词性短语和动
词性短语构成，形成句子的核心，谓语动词控制句子主要成分。汉语
主要依赖语序这一重要语法手段， 句子各部分之间的位置也比较固
定。
英语和汉语中的主要成分如主语、谓语动词、宾语或表语 的语序
基本上相同，一般来说，两者的排列顺序都是：主语 – 动词 – 宾语
（表语）。但与汉语相比，英语词序倒置的现象较多：
So small can a computer be made that it can be carried anytime
翻译时需将倒装语序调整
Why should we be spending huge sums on trips to outer space?
翻译时将疑问句中主语位置调整
英语属于形合语言，而汉语属于意合语言。所谓形合，指的是句
中的词语或成分之间用语言形 式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语
法意义和逻辑关系；所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形 式
手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。
英语注重句子形式，注重 结构完整，以形显义；汉语注重逻辑顺序，

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没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词，
介词也很少。
On earth, where fog or rain would interfere with transmission, lasers
would have to be beamed through evacuated pipelines to prevent power
loss
地球上的雾或雨会干扰激光的传播，因此，为了防止能量的损失，激
光必须从真空管道通过
Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful
may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing
如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要成分，即使其中不含任何
有害物质，也会引起严重的 疾病
汉语常用短句、分句等，按照一定的时间和逻辑顺序，按照由先
到后、由因到果、由假 设到推论、由事实到结论这样的词序排列；而
英语可以借助形态变化和丰富的连接词，根据句子的意思和 结构的需
要灵活排列，顺序有时与汉语大为不同。
It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is
necessary to maintain flight
译文1：这很容易明白要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能
保持飞行
译文2：要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这
很容易


正因为“形合”与“意合”之间这种差异，所以在翻译时需要对
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句子中的很多成分、语序等作出必要的调整。
They discovered something unexpected in their experiment
译文：他们发现实验中出现了出乎预料的情况
Every object, large or small, has a tendency to move toward every other
object
每一个物体，不论大小，都有向其它物体移动的倾向
In addition to advantage in terms of cost, safety and ease of use, this kind
of chip increase computer life by 30% - 40%
除了成本低，使用安全、方便等优点外，这类芯片可是计算机使用寿
命延长30% - 40%
Throughout the world, oil consumption is growing rapidly
全球的石油消耗正在迅速增长
Some scientists believe that the whale’s brains are the largest and most
complex of any of the earth’s inhabitants
有些科学家认为， 在地球上的一切生物中，鲸类的大脑是最大最复
杂的
Right now, organs taken from a person who is recently dead must be
transplanted to another person within a very short time
目前，从刚死的人体内取出的器官必须在极短时间内移植到他人体内




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从句的翻译
名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
这些 从句在句中承担主语、宾语、表语或同位语等成分，其功能相当
于名词、名词性词组或短语。一般由关系 代词（what, whatever,
whoever）、关系连词（that, which）和关系副词（where, why, when）
等引导。
1. 主语从句
一般而论，主语从句有两种：一种是主语从句位于主句之前；一
种是位于之后。由以上连接词 引导的句子一般位于句首，而又先行词
“it”引导的特殊句子位于句尾。翻译时因具体情况不同，也需 有所
不同
(1)顺序译法
顺序译法是一般情况下说采取的翻译方式，无需改变句子结构。
通常先译从句再译主句，如由what, whatever, whoever等引导的句型。
而it引导的特殊句型可先译主句，再译从句
Whether that UFO was a spaceship from outer space or just a flock of
flying birds still remains a puzzle
那个不明飞行物究竟是来自外层空间的宇宙飞船还是只是一群飞鸟，
这还是个谜
Last of all the lubricating oils of various grads are produced. What
remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.

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最后生成的是各种等级的润滑油。剩下的便是重油，可以用作燃料
It is stated that there may be as many as 100,000 different sorts of
proteins in a man’s body
据说人体内不同种类的蛋白质多达10万种
(2)逆序译法
逆序译法也还是英语 从句中经常采用的一种翻译方法。在翻译以
it为形式主语、形式宾语的从句时，语序往往需要颠倒过来 处理。此
外，如果主句为被动句时，也可以将其译为主动句。如：
It is not surprising that among scientists there are differences of opinion
科学家之间也存在意见分歧，这并不奇怪
It does not matter, for this discussion, what the temperature of the tank is,
or even what is in the tank
这个箱子的温度是多少，甚至箱内有什么，对这场讨论都无关紧要
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash
驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还活着，简直不可思议
(3)综合译法
英语句型具 有简单句和复合句。有时为了需要，我们也可以在简
单句和复合句之间进行转换。在翻译过程中，如果采 取顺序法和逆序
法都行不通，这时可以考虑综合法，把主句和从句处理成一个简单句
的成分
It seems possible that the earth might not be the unique planet with life
译文：

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It is one of the advantages of automation that the output may be kept
constant both in quality and in quantity
自动化的优点之一就是可使产品的质量和数量都保持稳定
(4)分译法
英语中的一些固定用法，为了保持原有的句式结构，可以采取分
译的处理方法，将其译为无主语的单独句
It is expected that scientists will use it to examine the world’s weather
system and to make chemical and biological studies
预计，科学家会使用这台计算机来研究世界气候系统，同时也可进行
化学和生物学研究
It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the
same
应该认识到，磁力和电力是不相同的
It is estimated that one in every 800 hearts in the United States is under
artificial control
据估计，在美国，每800个人中就有一个人的心脏由人工设备控制





Translation

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1. It cannot be denied that energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be
changed into other forms
2. What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how
difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch
3. What is less well-known is that English is also the mother tongue in
countries such as the Republic of Ireland, Jamaica and Guyana
4. It is common knowledge that the moon itself doesn’t give off light
5. It was generally thought that the world was flat
6. It turns out that he didn’t steal her money
7. It makes no difference whether he will come or not
8. What happened on Sept 11, 2000 will be forever etched in our memory
9. It never occurs to me that I have been looked down on by them
10. This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the
territory sovereignty doesn’t admit of infringement
12. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the
one immediately following it is inevitable
13. 接着就出现了我们去哪找食物的问题
14. 在期末考试前把所学过的内容都复习一遍，这很有必要
15. 必须指出，阅读在英语学习中有很大的作用
16. 小偷是如何进入房间的，这点还不清楚
17. 与其向他解释这事，不如自己动手，这会更简单
18. 你有必要对他的损失作出补偿

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19. 这起案件的奇怪之处就在于，每个涉案的人似乎都是无辜的






13. Then arose the question where we were to find food
14. It is quite essential that you should look over all that you have learned
15. It must be pointed out that reading plays a significant role in English
learning
16. It is not clear how the thief entered the room
17. It is easier to do it yourself than to explain it to him
18. It is necessary that you should make up for his loss
19. What was special about the case was that everyone involved seemed
innocent







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宾语从句
一般来说，宾语从句包括以下三种：动词宾语从句、介词宾语从
句和形容 词宾语从句。这里主要关注前两种从句。
动词宾语从句的翻译方法与主语从句的翻译方法大体相同，也可
分为顺序、逆序和综合译法
顺序译法
Investigations into the origins of life on earth have shown that, given
earth- like conditions, the formation of life is almost inevitable
译文：地球上生命起源的研究证明，只要具有类似地球的条件，生命
的形成就几乎是必然的
Pure science considers how life has developed into the plants and animals
we see on earth today
译文：理论科学研究的是生命怎样演变成我们今天在地球上看到的植
物和动物
逆序译法
But at that time no one could explain why the path of a planet must be an
ellipse
但是，为什么行星的轨道必须是椭圆的，当时谁也说不清楚
Scientists do not know exactly what comets are or where they come from
彗星是什么东西，它是如何形成的，科学家并不十分清楚
综合译法
He asked only that he be allowed to continue his work undisturbed

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他唯一的要求是让他在不受干扰的情况下继续工作
He is trying to get a computer to learn what things look like by analyzing
data about their uses
译文：他试图通过对物品用途作出数据分析来让计算机识别物品外观
We can find out how much air there is at different height above the earth
我们可以测出地球上空不同高度的空气密度



介词后作宾语的句子叫做介词宾语从句。这种从句往往用连接代
词what，whi ch，who或连接副词how，when，why，where，whether
等引导。有时也可以 和连词that连用，但必须是用于介词in，except
之后。这种介词短语通常用作主句中的定语 从句、状语从句和表语从
句等。翻译时也基本可采用上述方法
顺序译法
一般来说，当英语中宾语从句和汉语中宾语的语序保持一致时，
直接按语序翻译就可以了。在“名词 + 介词 + 从句”的介词结构宾
语从句中，当名词是具有较强的动词意味时，往往可以把该名词译成动词，再按原来结构译出便可
The rocket engine develops very high speed and flies to where there is no
air
火箭引擎能产生极快的速度，并能飞到没有空气的太空
Any decision as to which changes are chemical and which are not is, to
some extent, arbitrary

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断定说哪些变化是化学变化，哪些不是化学变化，多少有点武断
We hope for an understanding of these concepts and then a familiarity
with how a computer operates and what it can and cannot do
我们希望大家了解这些概念，然后熟悉计算机的工作原理，以及它能
做什么，不能做什么
Scientists have paid particular attention to what kind of building stands
up best in an earthquake
科学家已经特别注意什么样的建筑物在地震中最坚固
逆序译法
逆序译法是常用的一种翻译方法。在“名词 + 介词 + 从句”的
结构中，“介词 + 从句”这个成分往往用作定语，修饰他前面的名词，
常译为“……的”结构。此外，在以上的这个结构中 ，也有很多介词
与其前面的名词有固定搭配关系，翻译时可以采取逆序译法
To get some idea of how a picture can be broken in this manner, look
closely at a newspaper picture
要弄懂图像是怎样以这种方式分解的概念，请仔细看看新闻插图
There seems to be no end to what petroleum can do for man
看来，石油可造福于人类的用途是无穷无尽的
There is a limit to what light waves can show
光波所能显示的，有一定的限度
And with unlimited energy, there will be no limit to what man can do in
science, industry and the arts

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由于能量取之不尽，人们在科学、工业和艺术方面的作为也会是无止
境的
综合译法
The question then arises of how this inertial mass compares with the
gravitational mass
从而出现了惯性质量如何与引力质量相比这一问题
To be a competent astronaut, you must know everything about how the
spaceship works
要做一名称职的宇航员，就必须了解飞船运行的全部情况
A whale differs from a shark in that the former is a mammal whereas the
latter is a fish
译文：
Natural gas is a mixture of molecules(分子) much like those of gasoline,
except that they are lighter
译文：
He will never know what it feels like to yearn and to hope
译文：






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表语从句
表语从句总是位于系动词之后，对主语起解释的作用。通常也是
采用顺序、逆序和转换译法翻译
The question is whether it is worth discussing
译文：
Man must early have realized that one outstanding difference between
himself and the other animals was that he walked on two legs, the others
on four
译文：
One of the important properties(特性) of plastic is that it does not rust at
all
译文：
This is why synthetic fiber(合成纤维) is easy to wash
译文：
Our position has always been that such intervention(干涉) is totally
unjustified
译文：

But the really scary part is that the computer virus Love Bug is a relative
lightweight, from a technical perspective
译文：


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同位语从句
同位语从句对先行词在内容上起到更进一步解释和说明的作用。
和定语从句有一定的共同点。 同样可以采用以上的翻译方法。
顺序译法
一般情况下，可以直接按照原句的顺序译出即可 。但通常增加
“这”、“这样一个”、“就是”、“即”等词，或是用破折号和冒号表示。
But his findings gave some support to the idea that fusion may be
possible without extreme heat
可是，他的发现却支持了这样的想法：聚变可以在没有极高的温度下
产生
We don’t believe in the pessimistic estimation that at the present rate of
use, the known oil deposit in the world would be used up in from 10 to 15
years
我们不相信这一悲观估计，即以目前的使用速度，全球已知的石油储
量会在10至15年内耗尽
逆序译法
逆序和以上其它从句的翻译相同，就是将从句译成独立分句置于
句首，然后译同位语和整个主句
There can be no question about the fact that computerization does get
office work running more efficiently
译文：
The suspicion that smoking has something to do with lung cancer rests on

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several kinds of evidence
译文：
同位语从句在语法形式上看似不同于定语从句，但在所表达的意
义上看来，却与定语从句非常接近，修饰先行词，此时可以译成“……
的”这种定语式的句式。 如：
Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the
results can be obtained without any error
即便是最精确的实验也没有希望获得毫无误差的实验结果
The investigators expressed the opinion that poor maintenance was partly
responsible for the accident
调查人员谈了维修不当时造成这次事故的部分原因的看法
The problem that there is a shortage of food in the disaster area will be
solved before long
译文：
同位语和其它从句一样，可以转换成其它从句形式。一般来说，
为了符合表 达的需要，很多同位语从句可以转换成定语从句、宾语从
句和表语从句等
Until fairly recently the scientific community agreed that one
characteristic separating man from all other animals was the fact that
human beings made and used tools
直到最近，科学界还一直认为，人类不同于 其它动物的一个特点就是
人类能制造并使用工具（转译为表语从句）

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Some workers enthusiastically espoused(支持、赞成)the benefits to be
gained from software while others tremble with fear that a computer is
taking over their jobs
有些工作人员极力主张从办公软件中受益，而另一些人则担心电脑会
接管他们的工作
The theory that diseases are caused by bacteria was advanced by Pasteur,
a French chemist
译文：















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Translation
1. We are trying to find ___________________________(这个问题的最好解决方
法)
2. He believes that men ______________________ ________________(比女性享有
优先权) in job market
3. As one of the most popular media, television _____________________________
__________________(对孩子的健康有很大的影响)
4. He makes an effort ___________________________________(与同学保持联系)
5. Men should _______________________(充分利用) natural resources
6. This book ________________________(能使游客了解) the country’s history and
culture.
7. He ______________________(把他所有的成就归因于) the education he received
from his mother.
8. Measures are being taken to ________________________(防止类似的事件发生)
9. _______________________(没有通知他这个消息) could result in great danger
10. It ___________________(使我有机会) to develop my skills in singing and
dancing
11. She said she felt a deep ___________________(对她伤害过的人负有责任)


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